基于区域环境空气质量和碳排放数据的减污降碳协同效果评估

化石燃料燃烧产生的温室气体与大气污染物具有同根同源性,但具体治理中减污降碳的协同效果尚不明确。以浙江省11个设区市为研究样本,对环境空气质量和二氧化碳(CO₂)排放数据进行分析研究,结果显示：2016—2020年浙江省环境空气质量持续改善,但CO₂排放总量仍处于增长阶段。11个设区城市PM_2.5年均浓度降幅在26%～41%之间,二氧化氮(NO₂)年均浓度下降趋势不明显,大部分城市呈现碳排放增加、NO₂浓度下降的特征,只有杭州和温州两市呈现碳排放总量和NO₂、PM_2.5浓度协同下降的趋势。因子相关性分析结果表明,各设区市呈现NO₂浓度与碳排放相关性较大、协同性强,PM_2.5浓度与碳排放相关性较小的特点。进一步通过减污降碳协同定量评价分析表明,浙江地区在环境空气质量改善和温室气体减排已表现出一定成效,但各设区市因产业结构、环境基础条件、协同程度等不同导致减污降碳综合绩效有明显差异。从源头减排实现...     

双波长气溶胶粒径传感方法及其火灾烟雾探测器

提出了双波长光散射气溶胶粒径传感方法,设计实现了采用该方法的双波长火灾烟雾探测器。使用短波长和长波长的双波长光源,通过计算其光功率比值,利用其与中值粒径的关系函数获得气溶胶粒径,并根据不同粒径下的气溶胶浓度分别给出大小不同粒径的火灾烟雾或干扰气溶胶提示。因而,不仅可以有效区分大小不同粒径的火灾烟雾气溶胶,以正确探测火灾,而且能够识别微米级的大粒径干扰粒子,降低火灾误报率,可以应用于飞机等航空器空中密闭的特殊环境。     

γ-辐照预处理太湖源水的研究

γ-辐照是一种高级氧化技术。为考察γ-辐照对水华爆发时期太湖源水预处理的效果,采集了此时期水样进行了预处理研究。结果表明:采集的水样处于富营养化状态;水样直接进行γ-辐照,其中的微囊藻毒素-LR和微囊藻毒素-RR得到有效降解。在10kGy的辐照剂量下,微囊藻毒素-LR和微囊藻毒素-RR的降解率均大于63%,降解后微囊藻毒素-LR质量浓度低于国家规定标准。碳酸钠的加入促进了微囊藻毒素的降解,但是效果不是很明显,降解率提高最大幅度为7.8%。γ-辐照对源水中的其他有机物质具有一定的去除作用。水样经辐照后,pH值的变化幅度最大为0.4,但pH仍在7.0~8.0之间。辐照技术在水华爆发时期水源地水预处理方面具有应用价值。     

关于地震灾后过渡性安置和恢复重建

三、完善了地震灾后恢复重建制度 （一）强化了政府对地震灾后恢复重建工作的领导、组织和协调职能。 本法第六十四条规定了各级人民政府及其有关部门在恢复重建工作的职责。灾后恢复重建是一项十分紧迫、复杂、艰巨的任务,必须举全社会之力,组织各有关部门,共同努力,才能有力、有序、有效地做好,这就要求政府必须加强领导、组织和协调。     

Experimental study on pollutant movement in surf zone

The experiments on pollutant movement in surf zone were conducted on the two gentle beaches(with slope of 1:100 and 1:40, respectively), for diverse wave cases. The movement contours and direction of pollutants, under the action of regular and random waves with diverse wave amplitudes, were provided and studied in this paper. It was shown that, due to complicated hydrodynamics in surf zone, the pollutant movement state is quite complicated and different from that in pure current zone.     

Kinetics of aniline oxidation with chlorine dioxide

For the first time, kinetics of aniline oxidation with chlorine dioxide(ClO2) were investigated systematically by detecting concentration of aniline with HPLC at regular intervals. Results showed that the reaction was first-order both in ClO2 and in aniline, and the oxidation reaction could be described as second-order reaction. Stoichiometric factor η was experimentally determined to be 2.44. The second-order-reaction rate constant k was 0.11L/(mol.s)under condition of pH 6.86 and water temperature(Tw) 287K. Reaction activation energy was 72.31 kJ/mol, indicating that the reaction could take place under usual water treatment conditions. The reaction rate constants in acidic and alkali media were greater than that in neutral medium. Chlorite ion could slightly increase reaction rate in acidic medium. p-aminophenol and azobenzene were detected by GC-MS as intermediates.     

Preparation and catalytic properties of ZrO2-Al2O3 composite oxide supported nickel catalysts for methane reforming with carbon dioxide

ZrO2-Al2O3 composite oxides and supported Ni catalysts were prepared, and characterized by N2 adsorption/desorption, X-ray diffraction (XRD) and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) techniques. The catalytic performance and carbon deposition was also investigated. This mesoporous composite oxide is shown to be a promising catalyst support. An increase in the catalytic activity and stability of methane and carbon dioxide reforming reaction was resulted from the zirconia addition, especially at 5wt% ZrO2 content. The Ni catalyst supported ZrO2-Al2O3 has a strong resistance to sintering and the carbon deposition in a relatively long-term reaction.     

城市地震风险整体评价方法及其应用

城市已经成为我国防震减灾的重中之重,国家越来越重视城市地震风险管理,将地震灾害管理的重点集中在城市地震风险的评估和管理工作上.通过计算预期的物理破坏、经济损失和人员伤亡,并考虑社会的脆弱性和恢复的能力等其他因素的影响,将各种因素的值进行转化,形成可以进行相加的指数,并乘以相应的权重,最终得到城市的地震风险.从地震风险管理的角度出发,引入城市地震整体风险评价法对淮南市的地震风险进行评估,并给出了提高地震防灾减灾能力的几条建议,为城市地震防灾减灾提供参考.     

镉"加标"沉积物对泥鳅(Misgurnus anguillicaudatus)生物毒性研究

选择泥鳅(Misgurnus anguillicaudaus)作为受试生物,以泥鳅死亡率、血液红细胞数量、红细胞体积、红细胞微核率和核异常率作为测试指标,考察了沉积物中"加标"金属镉(Cd)的毒性状况,探讨了水体沉积物中重金属的生物毒性影响.结果表明:高有机质的粘土粉砂性沉积物能够有效吸附重金属镉;镉加标暴露组泥鳅的死...     

阻性耦合产生的通信局(站)地电位的分布及防护措施

本文论述了中性点有效接地高压输电系统发生接地故障时,由于阻性耦合,其附近的通信局(站)地网上的地电位分布,根据不同的接地故障位置选择相应的模型推导出相应的地电位升公式。并提出了通信局(站)的相应防护措施。