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311.
Nathalia Garlich Claudinei Da Cruz Adilson F. Da Silva Silvia P. Carraschi Igor C. Malaspina Robinson A. Pitelli 《Journal of environmental science and health. Part. B》2016,51(4):215-221
The aims of this research were to evaluate the efficacy of copper oxychloride (CuCl2.3Cu(OH)2), copper hydroxide (Cu(OH)2) and diquat (1.1′-ethylene-2.2′-bipyridyldiylium dibromide), isolated and in association with 0.1% of both copper sources, in the control of the unicellular algae Ankistrodesmus gracilis and the filamentous algae Pithophora kewesis, and to determine the acute toxicity of the tested chemicals in Hyphressobrycon eques, Pomacea canaliculata, Lemna minor and Azolla caroliniana. The efficacy was estimated by the methods of chlorophyll a and pheophytin a readings, changed into growth inhibition percentage. Both algae were exposed to the following concentrations: 0.2; 0.4; 0.8; 1.2 mg L?1 of diquat and its association with the copper sources; and 0.1; 0.3; 0.5; 0.7; 1.0 and 1.5 mg L?1 in the isolated applications of copper hydroxide and copper oxychloride. An untreated control was kept. The acute toxicity was estimatedby 50% lethal concentration (LC50). The copper sources were effective for A. gracilis control, at rates as high as 0.1 mg L?1 (>95% efficacy). Isolated diquat and its association with copper hydroxide were both effective at rates as high as 0.4 mg L?1, with 95 and 88% control efficacy, respectively. The copper oxychloride was effective at 0.2 mg L?1, with 93% efficacy. None of the tested chemicals and associations was effective on P. kewesis control. The most sensitive non target organism to the tested chemicals was L. minor; the less sensitive was H. eques. 相似文献
312.
Raúl Zornoza Ángel Faz Dora M. Carmona Jose A. Acosta Silvia Martínez-Martínez Arno de Vreng 《Chemosphere》2013,90(10):2606-2613
A field experiment was set up in Cartagena-La Unión Mining District, SE Spain, aimed at evaluating the short-term effects of pig slurry (PS) amendment alone and together with marble waste (MW) on organic matter mineralization, microbial activity and stabilization of heavy metals in two tailing ponds. These structures pose environmental risk owing to high metals contents, low organic matter and nutrients, and null vegetation. Carbon mineralization, exchangeable metals and microbiological properties were monitored during 67 d. The application of amendments led to a rapid decrease of exchangeable metals concentrations, except for Cu, with decreases up to 98%, 75% and 97% for Cd, Pb and Zn, respectively. The combined addition of MW + PS was the treatment with greater reduction in metals concentrations. The addition of PS caused a significant increase in respiration rates, although in MW + PS plots respiration was lower than in PS plots. The mineralized C from the pig slurry was low, approximately 25–30% and 4–12% for PS and MW + PS treatments, respectively. Soluble carbon (Csol), microbial biomass carbon (MBC) and β-galactosidase and β-glucosidase activities increased after the application of the organic amendment. However, after 3 d these parameters started a decreasing trend reaching similar values than control from approximately day 25 for Csol and MBC. The PS treatment promoted highest values in enzyme activities, which remained high upon time. Arylesterase activity increased in the MW + PS treatment. Thus, the remediation techniques used improved soil microbiological status and reduced metal availability. The combined application of PS + MW reduced the degradability of the organic compounds. 相似文献
313.
Silvia Maggioni Emilio Benfenati Claudio Colosio Angelo Moretto Ott Roots Stavroula Tasiopoulou 《Journal of environmental science and health. Part. B》2013,48(4):407-414
This paper reports the results obtained from the data collected within the European Commission funded project SAFEFOODNET regarding the state of the art in the control of chemical food contaminants in twelve European New Member States and one Associated Candidate Country (Turkey). Information has been gathered on institutions involved in food chemical contamination control, types of contaminants and matrices analyzed, procedures for data quality assurance, purposes of the analyses and accessibility of data in the participant countries. The resulting picture points out the general availability of adequate capabilities for the analysis of food contaminants in the laboratories in charge of control and the performance of the analysis of a large variety of chemicals (persistent organic pollutants, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, pesticides, mycotoxins, heavy metals, radionuclides) in almost each country with few exceptions (dioxins in Bulgaria, Turkey, Latvia, persistent organic pollutants in Lithuania and Malta, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in Malta). The application of validated analytical methods and the process of laboratory accreditation are partially fulfilled within the investigated countries, but still forthcoming for some countries, as in Romania, Turkey and Malta. Information collected on food controls is only partially available online and the language used is prevalently local and English to a lesser extent. 相似文献
314.
Marco Milan Aldo Ferrero Silvia Fogliatto Serenella Piano Francesco Vidotto 《Journal of environmental science and health. Part. B》2013,48(12):851-861
The effect of elapsed time between spraying and first leaching event on the leaching behavior of five herbicides (terbuthylazine, S-metolachlor, mesotrione, flufenacet, and isoxaflutole) and two metabolites (desethyl-terbuthylazine and diketonitrile) was evaluated in a 2011–2012 study in northwest Italy. A battery of 12 lysimeters (8.4 m2 long with a depth of 1.8 m) were used in the study, each filled with silty-loam soil and treated during pre-emergence with the selected herbicides by applying a mixture of commercial products Lumax (4 L ha?1) and Merlin Gold (1 L ha?1). During treatment periods, no gravity water was present in lysimeters. Irrigation events capable of producing leaching (40 mm) were conducted on independent groups of three lysimeters on 1 day after treatment (1 DAT), 7 DAT, 14 DAT, and 28 DAT. The series was then repeated 14 days later. Leachate samples were collected a few days after irrigation; compounds were extracted by solid phase extraction and analyzed by high-performance liquid chromatography and gas chromatography–mass spectrometry. Under study conditions, terbuthylazine and S-metolachlor showed the highest leaching potentials. Specifically, S-metolachlor concentrations were always found above 0.25 µg L?1. Desethyl-terbuthylazine was often detected in leached waters, in most cases at concentrations above 0.1 µg L?1. Flufenacet leached only when irrigation occurred close to the time of herbicide spraying. Isoxaflutole and mesotrione were not measured (<0.1 µg L?1), while diketonitrile was detected in concentrations above 0.1 µg L?1 on 1 DAT in 2011 only. 相似文献
315.
Silvia H. G. Brondi Adriana N. De Macedo Gilberto B. de Souza Ana R. A. Nogueira 《Journal of environmental science and health. Part. B》2013,48(8):671-677
Analytical methods for the isolation and determination of cypermethrin in milk, based on the solid-phase microextraction (SPME) and QuEChERS methods (Quick, Easy, Cheap, Effective, Rugged, and Safe) are presented. The SPME technique was not appropriate to analyse cypermethrin in milk, even establishing the best extraction conditions, polydimethylsiloxane fiber, 60 min time extraction, 60 °C temperature extraction, addition of salt (NaCl) and stirring rate. The extraction efficiency was low probably because of the matrix constituents. The QuEChERS method involves the extraction of the analyte with acetonitrile and simultaneous liquid-liquid partitioning formed by adding anhydrous MgSO4 plus NaCl, followed by the removal of residual water and cleanup using a procedure called dispersive solid-phase extraction, in which anhydrous MgSO4 plus PSA and C18 are mixed with 1 mL of acetonitrile extract. The detection and quantification limits were 0.01 and 0.04 mg kg?1, respectively, and the percentage recovery obtained ranged from 92 to 105% with relative standard deviations below 7%. 相似文献
316.
Franco Lucarelli Pier Andrea Mandò Silvia Nava Paolo Prati Alessandro Zucchiatti 《Journal of the Air & Waste Management Association (1995)》2013,63(11):1372-1382
Abstract An extensive investigation was carried out for the characterisation of the air particulate composition in Florence. The aim was to determine the aerosol elemental concentrations, as well as to identify pollution sources. For our investigation, the external Particle-Induced X-Ray Emission–Particle-Induced γ-Ray Emission beam facility of the Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Van de Graaff accelerator at the Physics Department of the Florence University was used. We report the results of the analysis of a long temporal series (approximately 1 yr) of PM10 particulate samples, collected on Millipore filters on a daily basis in three different sites (characterised by different urban settings). Daily concentrations of more than 20 elements were detected. The long sampling period (approximately 1 yr) allowed a comparison with the air quality recommended values and the identification of seasonal variations. Four main sources (traffic, oil-combustion, soil-dust, and wind transported sea-salt) were extracted with the help of Principal Component Analysis (PCA). An absolute PCA showed traffic to be the major source both in the high traffic site and in the urban background site. 相似文献
317.
In this paper new analytical inspection strategies, based on hyperspectral imaging (HSI) in the VIS–NIR and NIR wavelength ranges (400–1000 and 1000–1700 nm, respectively), have been investigated and set up in order to define quality control logics that could be applied at industrial plant level for polyolefins recycling. The research was developed inside the European FP7 Project W2Plastics “Magnetic Sorting and Ultrasound Sensor Technologies for Production of High Purity Secondary Polyolefins from Waste”. The main aim of the project is the separation of pure polyethylene and polypropylene adopting an innovative process, the magnetic density separation (MDS). Spectra of plastic particles and contaminants resulting from post-consumer complex wastes and of virgin polyolefins have been acquired by HSI and by Raman spectroscopy. The classification results obtained applying principal component analysis (PCA) on HSI data have been compared with those obtained by Raman spectroscopy, in order to validate the proposed innovative methodology. Results showed that HSI sensing techniques allow to identify both polyolefins and contaminants. Results also demonstrated that HSI has a great potentiality as a tool for quality control of feed (identification of contaminants in the plastic waste) and of the two different pure polypropylene and polyethylene flow streams resulting from the MDS-based recycling process. 相似文献
318.
Eight polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) were determined in pine needles of three species (Pinus halepensis, Pinus pinea and Pinus nigra) collected in the NE Spain in an attempt to use this matrix for the biomonitoring of airborne PBDEs. The method used was based in ultrasonic extraction followed by alumina and Florisil clean-up and determination by gas chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry in negative chemical ionization. Recoveries were between 99% and 138%, limits of detection between 0.011 and 0.070 ng g−1-dw (0.232 ng g−1-dw for BDE 209) and repeatability lower than 13%. PBDE levels ranged between 0.027 ng g−1-dw and 13.04 ng g−1-dw, with predominance of BDE 209, followed by BDEs 47. P. halepensis was the species with the highest PBDE levels and P. nigra, the least, according to their widespread and remote distribution, respectively. The presence of PBDEs in pine needles was attributed to the release of in-use PBDEs, transport through atmosphere and adsorption upon lipid rich pine needles. Given the easy collection of pine needles, its ample distribution and its potential to accumulate airborne contaminants, this matrix is proposed as passive bio-sampler to be used in PBDE monitoring programs.
Capsule
Pine needles can be used to biomonitor airborne PBDEs. 相似文献319.
Machado W Rodrigues AP Bidone ED Sella SM Santelli RE 《Environmental science and pollution research international》2011,18(6):1033-1036
Purpose
Metal bioavailability-based sediment quality analysis, inferred from geochemical partitioning data, may contribute to improve sediment management policies. This is important because decision-making processes should not give similar priorities to sediments offering contrasting environmental risks associated to metal bioavailability. However, current uses of Sediment Quality Guidelines (SQGs) as interpretive tools to support decisions about dredging-related activities have not considered the changes in metal bioavailability upon sediment resuspension. 相似文献320.
Marco A. López-Mata Saúl Ruiz-Cruz José de Jesús Ornelas-Paz Carmen Lizette Del Toro-Sánchez Enrique Márquez-Ríos Norma P. Silva-Beltrán Luis A. Cira-Chávez Silvia E. Burruel-Ibarra 《Journal of Polymers and the Environment》2018,26(2):452-461
Chitosan films (CF) [1 and 2% w/v] alone and with cinnamaldehyde (CNE) [0.25, 0.5 and 1% v/v] were prepared using an emulsion method, and the obtained films were characterized in terms of water vapor permeability (WVP), water solubility and optical, mechanical and antioxidant properties. The incorporation of CNE at 1% (v/v) significantly decreased the water solubility of the film by approximately 4% for the 1 and 2% CF films, whereas the WVP increased (2.5–3.5 times). The incorporation of CNE (0.25 and 0.5%) into 2% CF significantly increased the tensile strength (TS) (62 and 34%, respectively) and the percent elongation (%E) values, 26, 30 and 52% for CF that contained 0.25, 0.5 and 1% CNE, respectively. The largest value of the elasticity modulus (EM) was observed for 2% CF with 0.25% CNE. All films exhibited a yellow appearance (b*), but the CNE content had a marked impact on the coloration of the films. The CNE recoveries of the CF films (1 and 2%) with 1% of CNE were high (43 and 67%). The antioxidant activities indicated that the incorporation of 1% CNE into CF films (1 and 2%) increased the antioxidant activity. The protective effects of the films with and without CNE on erythrocytes were very strong (36–72% hemolysis inhibition). These results suggest there are potential applications for CF-CNE films as active packaging for the preservation of food products. 相似文献