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31.
Željko Cvetković Mihovil Logar Aleksandra Rosić 《Environmental science and pollution research international》2013,20(5):3034-3049
In this paper, particular attention was paid to the presence of aerosol solid particles, which occurred mainly as a result of exploitation and coal combustion in the thermal power plants of the Kolubara basin. Not all of the particles created by this type of anthropogenic pollution have an equal impact on human health, but it largely depends on their size and shape. The mineralogical composition and particle size distribution in the samples of aero sediments were defined. The samples were collected close to the power plant and open pit coal mine, in the winter and summer period during the year 2007. The sampling was performed by using precipitators placed in eight locations within the territory of the Lazarevac municipality. In order to characterize the sedimentary particles, several methods were applied: microscopy, SEM-EDX and X-ray powder diffraction. The concentration of aero sediments was also determined during the test period. Variety in the mineralogical composition and particle size depends on the position of the measuring sites, geology of the locations, the annual period of collecting as well as possible interactions. By applying the mentioned methods, the presence of inhalational and respiratory particles variously distributed in the winter and in the summer period was established. The most common minerals are quartz and feldspar. The presence of gypsum, clay minerals, calcite and dolomite as secondary minerals was determined, as well as the participation of organic and inorganic amorphic matter. The presence of quartz as a toxic mineral has a particular impact on human health. 相似文献
32.
Kostanjsek R Lapanje A Drobne D Perović S Perović A Zidar P Strus J Hollert H Karaman G 《Environmental science and pollution research international》2005,12(6):361-368
- Goal, Scope, Background. Lake Skadar is the largest lake in Balkan Peninsula, located on the Montenegro-Albanian border. The
unique features of the lake and wide range of endemic and rare or endangered plant and animal species resulted in the classification
of the Skadar as a wetland site of international significance. In spite of its importance the Lake is influenced by inflowing
waters from river Morača and other regional rivers contaminated by the industry, municipal and agricultural activities in
the area. Therefore, the Lake has been subject of various physical, chemical, biological and toxicological examinations. However,
community-level analyses are most relevant to assess the effect of stressors on aquatic ecosystems. In the present study bacterial
community structure among differently polluted sites of the lake was compared by genetic fingerprinting technique.
Methods Water and sediment samples were collected from five differently polluted sampling sites on the Lake Skadar in spring and
autumn of the same year. The bacterial community structure in the samples was characterized and compared by temporal temperature
gel electrophoresis (TTGE) analysis of polymerase chain reaction-amplified bacterial 16S rRNA genes.
Results and Discussion The TTGE analysis resulted in many distinguishable and reproducible band patterns, allowing reliable comparison of bacterial
communities among sampling sites. Results on the bacterial community structure revealed that three of the selected locations
can be considered as sites that have not shown any pollution degradation determined by our method, due to similar structure
of bacterial community in the sediment samples. On the other hand, significant shifts in bacterial community structure in
the mouth of the river Morača and Plavnica were shown. Since the results coincide with some of the bioassays and chemical
analysis performed previously, the changes in bacterial community structure are explained as an effect of antropogenic pollution
on the lake ecosystem by waters of river Morača and stream Plavnica.
Conclusion The TTGE has proven to be an efficient and reliable method to monitor bacterial dynamics and community shifts in aquatic
environment, especially in the sediments. Within the variety of environmental quality assessments the use of TTGE analyses
of bacterial community is strongly recommended, particularly as an initial investigation. However, in any conclusion on the
state of the environment, the TTGE results should be combined to some other biological, chemical and hydrological data.
Recommendation and Outlook Since prokaryotes are a crucial group of organisms in the biosphere, the ecosystem function studies are largely based on
bacterial communities. Therefore, bacterial community structure analysis should be a part of an integrated weight of evidence
approach in pollution assessment. In case of Triad approach, consisting of chemical analyses, bioassays, and community studies
in the field, the TTGE bacterial community structure analyses should be placed in the later Triad leg. In comparison to other
community studies, based on various biotic indices, the TTGE bacterial community analysis has proven to be very sensitive,
reliable and less time consuming. 相似文献
33.
The study is dealing with the distribution and the origin of heavy metals (Cd, Cr, Cu, Mn, Ni, Pb and Zn) in soils from a priori non-polluted areas. Positive correlations with organic matter and clay content but not with pH have been observed for most of elements analyzed in this study. Correlations of some metals (Cr, Pb and Zn) and radionuclides (238U and 137Cs) observed for analyzed soils could be explained by their common affinity for clay minerals. Enrichment factor (EF) analysis and cluster analysis (CA) highlighted the lithogenic origin of Cr, Cu, Mn, Ni, Pb and Zn and pointed out the primary input of Cd from anthropogenic sources. It also revealed the need for detailed geochemical surveys in the future in order to decrease the uncertainty of discrimination between lithogenic and anthropogenic origin of metals of interest. 相似文献
34.
Ivana Trbojević Jelena Jovanović Dušan Kostić Slađana Popović Dragana Predojević Vesna Karadžić Gordana Subakov Simić 《Russian Journal of Ecology》2018,49(2):135-142
The aim of this study was to assess the effect of substrate type and incubation depth on periphyton that had developed on artificial substrates. Uniform rectangular tiles made out of artificial substrates: glass, ceramic, willow tree and yew tree, were fixed on a floating buoy and deployed at three different depths in a photic zone of the Sava Lake (Belgrade, Serbia). Non-taxonomic attributes in the developed biofilm were estimated week-by-week from the start of the experiment in July, until its end in September 2014. Through assessment of substrate type and depth of incubation effect we concluded that these parameters for the fact influence periphyton development and composition. Glass was preferred by autotrophic component over ceramic and wooden substrates. In general, substrate type effect was diminished by increasing incubation depth. When non-taxonomic parameters are to be used in biomonitoring studies, our results suggest that glass substrate and shallow layer of water column (up to 50 cm) for incubation should be preferred. 相似文献
35.
Distribution and availability of potentially toxic metals in soil in central area of Belgrade,Serbia 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Rabia Ahmed Ghariani Ivan Gržetić Mališa Antić Snežana Nikolić Mandić 《Environmental Chemistry Letters》2010,8(3):261-269
Belgrade, capital city of Serbia, has over 1,600,000 inhabitants and over 400,000 vehicles trafficking every day on its streets.
The investigation of soil pollution was performed by sequential extraction analysis to investigate the availability of potentially
toxic metals (Zn, Cd, Pb, Co, Ni, Cu, Cr and Mn) under different oxidation and pH conditions. All investigated metals were
mainly extracted from soils with neutral or acidic extractants. Serious pollution was observed along roads and streets with
high traffic frequency, but Pb and Ni pollution was the highest since their concentrations exceed both soil Serbian standard
and Canadian guidance values and is characteristic for all investigated sites. Cd, Cu, Cr and Zn concentrations are moderately
high since they are between Canadian guideline and Serbian standard. 相似文献
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40.
Kraigher H Al Sayegh Petkovsek S Grebenc T Simoncic P 《Environmental monitoring and assessment》2007,128(1-3):31-45
Mycorrhiza is the main spatial and temporal linkage between different constituents in a forest ecosystem. The functional compatibility
and stress tolerance of ectomycorrhizal types is species specific, and therefore the information on the ectomycorrhizal community
structure can add to the understanding of processes in forest ecosystems and can also be applied as tools for bioindication
of pollution stress in forest soils. We have studied the effects of pollution (N and S) on trees and forest soils by: (1)
quantification of ECM types diversity as in situ indicators in forest stands, (2) determination and quantification of pollution-sensitive or -insensitive ECM types as passive
monitors, (3) root growth and development of ECM on nonmycorrhizal spruce seedlings, planted at the studied sites (active
monitors), and (4) ECM infection (a bioassay based on mycorrhizal inoculum potential) of seedlings in an experimental set-up
as ex situ testers. ECM species richness for Norway spruce trees (Picea abies) showed higher values in unpolluted sites than in polluted ones, while the differences were not significant for European
beech trees (Fagus sylvatica). As pollution-sensitive or -insensitive ECM species in spruce forests, we suggest Hydnum rufescens (sensitive) and Paxillus involutus (unsensitive). Mycorrhizal potential in Norway spruce seedlings as a bioassay for soil N and S pollution was effective, and
is suggested as an additional, standardized and widely comparable system in bioindication of soil pollution. 相似文献