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排序方式: 共有160条查询结果,搜索用时 15 毫秒
71.
António O. Soares Danny Haelewaters Olga M. C. C. Ameixa Isabel Borges Peter M. J. Brown Pedro Cardoso Michiel D. de Groot Edward W. Evans Audrey A. Grez Axel Hochkirch Milada Holecová Alois Honěk Ján Kulfan Ana I. Lillebø Zdenka Martinková J. P. Michaud Oldřich Nedvěd Omkar Helen E. Roy Swati Saxena Apoorva Shandilya Arnaud Sentis Jiri Skuhrovec Sandra Viglášová Peter Zach Tania Zaviezo John E. Losey 《Conservation biology》2023,37(1):e13965
Ladybirds (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae) provide services that are critical to food production, and they fulfill an ecological role as a food source for predators. The richness, abundance, and distribution of ladybirds, however, are compromised by many anthropogenic threats. Meanwhile, a lack of knowledge of the conservation status of most species and the factors driving their population dynamics hinders the development and implementation of conservation strategies for ladybirds. We conducted a review of the literature on the ecology, diversity, and conservation of ladybirds to identify their key ecological threats. Ladybird populations are most affected by climate factors, landscape composition, and biological invasions. We suggest mitigating actions for ladybird conservation and recovery. Short-term actions include citizen science programs and education, protective measures for habitat recovery and threatened species, prevention of the introduction of non-native species, and the maintenance and restoration of natural areas and landscape heterogeneity. Mid-term actions involve the analysis of data from monitoring programs and insect collections to disentangle the effect of different threats to ladybird populations, understand habitat use by taxa on which there is limited knowledge, and quantify temporal trends of abundance, diversity, and biomass along a management-intensity gradient. Long-term actions include the development of a worldwide monitoring program based on standardized sampling to fill data gaps, increase explanatory power, streamline analyses, and facilitate global collaborations. 相似文献
72.
Howcroft CF Amorim MJ Gravato C Guilhermino L Soares AM 《Environment international》2009,35(2):318-324
Enchytraeids are important organisms of the soil biocenosis. They improve the soil pore structure and the degradation of organic matter. These organisms are used in standardized testing, using survival and reproduction (6 weeks) as endpoints. The use of biomarkers, linked to ecologically relevant alterations at higher levels of biological organization, is a promising tool for Environmental Risk Assessment. Here, enchytraeids were exposed for different time periods (two days and three weeks) to different soils (OECD artificial soil, different compositions in its organic matter, clay or pH value, and LUFA 2.2 natural soil) and different chemicals (Phenmedipham and copper). The main question addressed in the present study was if the effects of chemicals and different soil properties are preceded by alterations at the sub-cellular level, and if these endpoints may be used reliantly as faster screening tools for the assessment of different stress conditions in soils. The parameters measured in E. albidus whole body were: lipid peroxidation (LPO), total glutathione (TG), as well as the enzymatic activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), glutathione reductase (GR), glutathione peroxidase (GPx) and glutathione S-transferase (GST). The results showed that biomarker responses in E. albidus were significantly affected by the soil type (GST, CAT, GPx, GR and LPO) and the duration of exposure in OECD artificial soil (GST, GPx, GR, CAT and LPO) but not in LUFA 2.2 natural soil. For the abiotic factors studied, after 2 days, low pH decreased significantly the TG levels and the activities of CAT and GR,and low OM also significantly decreased CAT and GR activities. After 3 weeks, differences in soil properties caused a decrease in GR and GPx activities, whereas increased GST activity was observed due to low organic matter and pH. Copper significantly increased the activities of CAT, GPx and GR, and decreased the activity of GST after 2 days as well as inscreasing LPO levels after 3 weeks. Phenmedipham increased LPO levels, associated with increased levels of TG as well as increased activities of CAT and GPx and decreased GST activity after 3 weeks exposure. This study shows that both abiotic and chemical stresses could be followed through biomarker analysis and that some of these determinations are potential endpoints in a quick soil contamination assessment procedure. 相似文献
73.
74.
Enchytraeids (Enchytraeus albidus) directly improve the pore structure of the soil and are indirectly involved in regulating the degradation of organic matter. Due to their behavior they are able to avoid unfavorable environmental conditions. Avoidance tests allow a first assessment of toxicity of a contaminated or spiked soil within 48 h, by using the reaction of the enchytraeids as measurement endpoint. In this period, the organisms can choose between the control soil and the test soil. In the tests reported here, enchytraeids were exposed to LUFA 2.2 soil spiked with the following set of toxic substances: copper chloride, zinc chloride, cadmium chloride, phenmedipham, benomyl, carbendazim, dimethoate, atrazine, pentachlorophenol, chlorpyriphos, lindane, TBTO, Linear Alkylbenzene Sulfonates (LAS) and boric acid. Different chemical concentrations were tested. EC50s ranged from 8 mg/kg (Carbendazim) to >1000 mg/kg (e.g. LAS). While the tested heavy metals showed clear dose-response relationships, the effect pattern differed considerably in the tests with organic chemicals, e.g. no avoidance behaviour was observed in LAS, even at very high doses. Here we proposed to standardize the Enchytraeid avoidance test in a way similar to what is currently done for the earthworm and collembolan avoidance tests by the International Standardisation Organisation (ISO). 相似文献
75.
76.
Tisca Juliana F. dos Santos Karin Pessati Tomás B. Zacchi Flávia L. Soares Fabíola S. Oliveira Vanessa A. Bebianno Maria J. A. F. Bainy Afonso C. D. Razzera Guilherme 《Environmental science and pollution research international》2021,28(22):27823-27824
Environmental Science and Pollution Research - A Correction to this paper has been published: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-021-13135-x 相似文献
77.
Sandro José de Andrade Joyce Cristale Flávio Soares Silva Guilherme Julião Zocolo Mary R.R. Marchi 《Atmospheric environment (Oxford, England : 1994)》2010,44(24):2913-2919
In Brazil, sugar-cane crops are burned to facilitate harvesting, and this causes environmental pollution from the large amounts of smoke and soot that are released into the atmosphere. The smoke and soot contain numerous organic compounds such as PAHs. In this study, PM10 and PAH concentrations in the air of Araraquara (SE Brazil, with around 200,000 inhabitants and surrounded by sugar-cane plantations) were determined during the harvest and non-harvest seasons. The sampling strategy included two campaigns in each season, with 20 samples per season. PM10 was collected using a Hi-vol sampler with Teflon? – coated glass fiber filters. PM10 ranged from 41 to 181 μg m?3 during the harvest season, and from 12 to 47 μg m?3 during the non-harvest season. The mean total concentration of PAHs was 2.5 ng m?3 (non-harvest season) and 11.6 ng m?3 (harvest season). In all sampling periods, the most abundant polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons were phenanthrene and fluoranthrene, and the least abundant was anthracene. The cluster analysis of the total PAH concentrations for each day of sampling and the corresponding meteorological data suggested that the atmospheric concentration of PAHs was independent of the differences in the weather between the seasons. For both sampling seasons, the statistical treatment (PCA, Varimax rotation and HCA) indicated the presence of vehicle sources (diesel, gasoline, and natural-gas engines); but for the harvest season, the main source was attributed to sugar-cane burning. The data generated by this study indicated the burning of sugar-cane as the main contributor to the high levels of PAHs detected in samples during the sugar-cane harvest season. 相似文献
78.
Nolasco Maria E. Lemos Viviane A. S. López Gina Soares Sandra A. Feitosa Johnny P. M. Araújo Bruno S. Ayala Alejandro P. de Azevedo Marleane M. F. Santos Francisco E. P. Cavalcante Rivelino M. 《Journal of Polymers and the Environment》2022,30(7):2862-2874
Journal of Polymers and the Environment - The aim of the present study was to perform morphological and chemical characterizations of microplastics (MPs) found in seawater samples from the coast of... 相似文献
79.
Teodoro Filipe Simões Soares Liliane Catone Filgueiras Jefferson Gonçalves de Azevedo Eduardo Ribeiro Patiño-Agudelo Álvaro Javier Adarme Oscar Fernando Herrera da Silva Luis Henrique Mendes Gurgel Leandro Vinícius Alves 《Environmental science and pollution research international》2022,29(18):26425-26448
Environmental Science and Pollution Research - A new one-pot synthesis method optimized by a 23 experimental design was developed to prepare a biosorbent, sugarcane bagasse cellulose succinate... 相似文献
80.
Non-homogeneous Poisson models with a change-point: an application to ozone peaks in Mexico city 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Jorge Alberto Achcar Eliane R. Rodrigues Carlos Daniel Paulino Paulo Soares 《Environmental and Ecological Statistics》2010,17(4):521-541
In this paper, we use some non-homogeneous Poisson models in order to study the behavior of ozone measurements in Mexico City.
We assume that the number of ozone peaks follows a non-homogeneous Poisson process. We consider four types of rate function
for the Poisson process: power law, Musa–Okumoto, Goel–Okumoto, and a generalized Goel–Okumoto rate function. We also assume
that a change-point may or may not be present. The analysis of the problem is performed by using a Bayesian approach via Markov
chain Monte Carlo methods. The best model is chosen using the DIC criterion as well as graphical approach. 相似文献