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Sofie Storbjörk Mattias Hjerpe Karolina Isaksson 《Journal of Environmental Policy & Planning》2018,20(1):81-95
It is increasingly expected that private actors play the role as entrepreneurs and front-runners in implementing climate measures, whereas empirical studies of the position, role and engagement of private actors are scarce. Situated in the context of urban planning, a critical arena for triggering climate transitions, the aim of this paper is to explore how Swedish property developers respond to climate change. Qualitative analyses of corporate policy documents and semi-structured interviews with property developers reveal a vast divergence between the written policies, where leadership ambitions are high, and how the practice of property development is discussed in interviews. In the latter, there is little evidence of property developers pursuing a forward-looking or cutting-edge climate change agenda. Instead, they are critical of increased public regulation for climate-oriented measures. Explanations both confirm previous studies, highlighting lack of perceived customer demand, uncertainty of financial returns and limited innovations, and add new elements of place-dependency suggesting that innovative and front-runner practices can only be realized in the larger urban areas. Municipalities seeking to improve their climate-oriented profile in urban planning by involving private property developers need to develop strategies to maneuver the variance in responses to increase the effectiveness of implementation. 相似文献
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Christian Sonne Silje A.B. Mæhre Kjetil Sagerup Mikael Harju Eldbjørg Sofie Heimstad Pall S. Leifsson 《毒物与环境化学》2013,95(1):172-186
Concentrations of organochlorine (OC) contaminants and histomorphology of liver, kidney, and thyroid tissues were studied in nine adult and one subadult glaucous gulls (Larus hyperboreus) collected at Svalbard on 2 August 2011. Concentrations of liver polychlorinated biphenyls (PCB; range: 150–2820?ng?g?1 ww), dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane (DDT; range: 58–724?ng?g?1 ww), and chlordanes (CHL; range: 11–126?ng?g?1 ww) dominated the OC profile followed by hexachlorobenzene (HCB; range: 11–42?ng?g?1 ww), mirex (range: 2–52?ng?g?1 ww), and β-hexachlorocyclohexane (β-HCH; range: 1–7?ng?g?1 ww). Histological examination of the liver showed mononuclear cell infiltrations and granulomas in 10 and 6 gulls, respectively, while intense intrahepatic lipid accumulation (steatosis) was found in two and focal necrosis in one gull. In kidney, glomerular sclerosis and adhesions was found in five and one gull, respectively. Thickening of the glomerular basement membranes and tubular necrosis was found in four and seven gulls, respectively, while mononuclear cell infiltrations were found in two individuals. In the thyroid gland, a high density of small follicles accompanied by follicular epithelial cell proliferation was observed in five glaucous gulls. Gulls with hepatic steatosis had significantly higher ΣDDT levels than the gulls without hepatic steatosis and a similar trend was found for ΣPCB. When normalizing OC concentrations for lipid content in liver, gulls with lipid granulomas had significantly lower β-HCH and significantly higher mirex levels, respectively, than gulls without lipid granulomas. Also; gulls with thickening of the glomerular basement membranes had non-significantly higher ΣPCB levels than gulls without. The histological findings were similar to those of controlled laboratory studies and OC-contaminated wildlife (e.g., polar bears; Ursus maritimus) and the data of this study therefore suggest that OC exposure may be a co-factor in the development of organ alterations in glaucous gulls. However, other environmental factors such as age, element exposure, and infectious micropathogens cannot be ruled out as co-factors, and it is uncertain if the tissue changes found exert adverse health effects on the population of Svalbard glaucous gulls. 相似文献
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Griet Casteleyn Katharine M. Evans Thierry Backeljau Sofie D’hondt Victor A. Chepurnov Koen Sabbe Wim Vyverman 《Marine Biology》2009,156(6):1149-1158
Several marine holoplanktonic organisms show a high degree of geographically structured diversity for which it often remains
unclear to what extent this differentiation is due to the presence of cryptic taxa. For the genetically distinct diatom Pseudo-nitzschia pungens var. pungens, we used six microsatellite markers to investigate the spatial and temporal genetic composition in the heterogeneous Southern
Bight of the North Sea. Although our sampling area (ca. 100 km) comprised water bodies with different environmental conditions
(marine, estuary, saline lake) and different degrees of connectivity (from complete isolation to supposedly free exchange
between environments), no evidence of genetic differentiation was found. Expanding our sampling area (ca. 650 km), suggested
a homogenous population structure over even larger areas in the North Sea. Our results suggest that the population structure
of this diatom is mainly shaped by strong homogenizing effects of gene flow preventing genetic drift, even in water bodies
with limited connectivity.
Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users. 相似文献