应用多级模糊模式识别优选轧钢工艺

钢材轧制质量的优劣评价标准之间不存在明显的判定界面和完全准确科学的评价指标。它具有中介过渡性即模糊性的特点。利用多级模糊识别与级别特征值方法对中厚板轧制质量及其相应的轧制工艺制度进行模糊识别与优选 ,其结果与实际工作中的应用情况吻合。     

抚仙湖水环境地理信息系统的设计

以抚仙湖水环境地理信息系统为例，论述了GIS技术在水环境保护方面的具体应用，着重对系统的总体设计、系统的功能模块、系统的数据库设计以及系统建立的技术策略进行了详细的描述与论证。说明了利用GIS技术对湖泊环境管理工作带来的巨大便利。系统的建立对保护抚仙湖湖区环境，促进沿湖周边县市乃至整个云南省的经济发展都具有重要的现实意义。     

盐度变化对日本对虾暴发白斑综合症病毒病的影响

为研究盐度在对虾暴发白斑综合症 (whitespotsyndrome)过程中所起的作用 ,进行了盐度变化对日本对虾免疫水平的影响实验及不同盐度下的人工感染实验。结果显示 :(1)盐度是影响日本对虾生理、存活的重要环境因子 ;(2 )盐度变化能够影响对虾的免疫状况 ,盐度升高和降低都会降低日本对虾的免疫水平 ;(3)在偏离对虾正常生存盐度的环境中 ,对虾抵御外来感染能力降低 ,易受病原体如WSSV的感染 ;(4)盐度变化是导致对虾爆发白斑综合症的重要诱因之一。     

赤潮的生物毒性评价初步研究——生物毒性测试方法在一次胶州湾赤潮中的应用

在2000－07－25－30发生于青岛胶州湾，面积约10km^2的赤潮过程中，于2000－07－26和27日分别采集赤潮现场海水，以三咱标准毒性实验生物黑褐新糠虾（Neomysis awatschensis），卤虫（Artemia salina）和ICR品系小白鼠为实验动物，对胶州湾这次赤潮进行了的毒性研究。结果表明：现场采集的赤潮海水和实验室经f／2培养后藻液对卤虫有急性毒性作用，24h卤虫幼体的存活率分别为83％和73％，对小白鼠的毒性均在相当于STX0．87－1．8μg／L的范围内，而对糠虾没有明显影响。本文同时了赤潮现场海水中的藻类组成与数量，探讨了此次赤潮的毒性来源和致毒机制，提出了对赤潮进行生物毒性评价的观点，并建议有关部门将赤潮毒性测试结果作为一个重要的部分应用于现场赤潮事件报道中。     

Impacts of land cover change on plant and bird species diversity in Hainan Island,China

１ＩｎｔｒｏｄｕｃｔｉｏｎＬａｎｄｃｏｖｅｒｃｈａｎｇｅｈａｓａｎｉｎｃｒｅａｓｉｎｇｉｍｐａｃｔｏｎｆｏｒｅｓｔｅｃｏｓｙｓｔｅｍｓｗｏｒｌｄｗｉｄｅ．Ｔｈｅｄｅｓｔｒｕｃｔｉｏｎｏｆｎａｔｉｖｅｈａｂｉｔａｔｓｉｓｒｅｃｏｇｎｉｚｅｄａｓｏｎｅｏ...     

建立和推广清洁生产体系,促进可持续发展

本文论述了清洁生产的产生、含义及国内外的发展近况。探讨了清洁生产与可持续发展的关系，指出建立和推广清洁生产是实现可持续发展的必由之路。     

Catalytic activity of porous manganese oxides for benzene oxidation improved via citric acid solution combustion synthesis

Various manganese oxides (MnO_x) prepared via citric acid solution combustion synthesis were applied for catalytic oxidation of benzene. The results showed the ratios of citric acid/manganese nitrate in synthesizing process positively affected the physicochemical properties of MnO_x, e.g., BET (Brunauer-Emmett-Teller) surface area, porous structure, reducibility and so on, which were in close relationship with their catalytic performance. Of all the catalysts, the sample prepared at a citric acid/manganese nitrate ratio of 2:1 (C2M1) displayed the best catalytic activity with T₉₀ (the temperature when 90% of benzene was catalytically oxidized) of 212℃. Further investigation showed that C2M1 was Mn₂O₃ with abundant nano-pores, the largest surface area and the proper ratio of surface Mn⁴⁺/Mn³⁺, resulting in preferable low-temperature reducibility and abundant surface active adsorbed oxygen species. The analysis results of the in-situ Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (in-situ FTIR) revealed that the benzene was successively oxidized to phenolate, o-benzoquinone, small molecules (such as maleates, acetates, and vinyl), and finally transformed to CO₂ and H₂O.     

炭材料强化污泥电脱水效果及同步燃料化处理

为研究炭材料调理对污泥电脱水性能及泥饼可燃性的影响,使用改性前后的活性炭和石墨对污泥进行预调理,对调理后的污泥进行电脱水实验,深入解析了炭材料调理前后污泥电脱水行为及泥饼可燃性的变化.研究表明：经炭材料调理后的污泥,阴极电脱水速率提升,相较于其他3种炭材料,石墨调理后的阴极电脱水速率提升最为明显,石墨的投加量5% TSS时,阴极平均脱水速率从0.074g/L上升到0.095g/L.炭材料可以提高污泥体系的电导性和污泥絮体的电泳淌度,使得阴极泥饼孔容有上升的趋势,阴极泥饼孔容从未投加炭材料时的0.1147cm³/g增加到AC-0、AC-1、AC-5、石墨的投加量为20% TSS时的0.119、0.122、0.146、0.157cm³/g;此外,炭材料加入后阴阳两极滤液中溶解有机物DOM和蛋白质组分浓度降低,可以缓解滤布堵塞;污泥电脱水过程中经炭材料调理后可以降低脱离每单位水所需要的能耗,未投加炭材料时去除每单位水所需能耗为6.75kW·h/kg_去除水,而当AC-0、AC-1、AC-5、石墨的投加量为20% TSS时,能耗分别降低到5.64、5.22、5.20、5.11kW·h/kg_去除水,且泥饼含水率从未投加炭材料时的58%降低至45%,固炭量增加,提高了泥饼的热值和可持续燃烧时间,当石墨的投加量为20% g/gTSS时,泥饼热值提高了17%.有利于后续焚烧资源化利用.     

高超声速飞行器翼前缘射流降热研究

目的获得高超声速飞行器翼前缘射流降热机理。方法通过计算流体力学(CFD)方法,针对典型高超声速带翼飞行器开展飞行马赫数为15条件下的射流干扰热环境规律研究,分析无射流翼前缘气动加热特性,确定热流严酷射流开孔区域,分别在翼前缘激波干扰及翼后段布置射流孔,并设计射流流动参数,开展射流总压与来流总压比率在0.002～0.02范围内的流场仿真计算,获得局部流动及表面热流分布特性,针对计算结果进行对比分析。结果随着总压比率逐渐增大,激波干扰以及机翼后段射流孔区域热流均显著降低,降幅达76%～99%。翼中段无射流典型位置总压比率为0.002时热流增高,增幅为11%～24%,随着射流总压增大热流降低,降幅达68%～86%。高射流总压比率局部射流孔前热流增大2倍以上。结论射流影响下降热机理是射流将高温气体推离壁面,局部表面热流显著降低。低射流总压比率亚音速射流作用区域向下游延伸距离短,不会引起局部再附热流增大。高射流总压比率音速射流降热影响向下游明显延伸,增强射流强度可以增加延伸区长度,同时会诱导局部射流孔前再附热流显著增大。     

Fluorescence regional integration and differential fluorescence spectroscopy for analysis of structural characteristics and proton binding properties of fulvic acid sub-fractions

Structural characteristics and proton binding properties of sub-fractions (FA3–FA13) of fulvic acid (FA), eluted stepwise by pyrophosphate buffer were examined by use of fluorescence titration combined with fluorescence regional integration (FRI) and differential fluorescence spectroscopy (DFS). Humic-like (H-L) and fulvic-like (F-L) materials, which accounted for more than 80% of fluorescence response, were dominant in five sub-fractions of FA. Based on FRI analysis, except the response of F-L materials in FA9 and FA13, maximum changes in percent fluorescence response were less than 10% as pH was increased from 2.5 to 11.5. Contents of carboxylic and phenolic groups were compared for fluorescence peaks of FA sub-fractions based on pH-dependent fluorescence derived from DFS. Static quenching was the dominant mechanism for binding of protons by FA sub-fractions. Dissociation constants (pKa) were calculated by use of results of DFS and the modified Stern-Volmer relationship. The pKa of H-L, F-L, tryptophan-like and tyrosine-like materials of FA sub-fractions exhibited ranges of 3.17–4.06, 3.12–3.97, 4.14–4.45 and 4.25–4.76, respectively, for acidic pHs. At basic pHs, values of pKa for corresponding materials were in ranges of 9.71–10.24, 9.62–10.99, 9.67–10.31 and 9.33–10.28, respectively. At acidic pH, protein-like (P-L) materials had greater affinities for protons than did either H-L or F-L materials. The di-carboxylic and phenolic groups were likely predominant sites of protonation for both H-L and F-L materials at both acidic and basic pHs. Amino acid groups were significant factors during proton binding to protein-like materials of FA sub-fractions at basic pH.