免疫传感器用于环境中痕量有害物质检测的研究进展

随着免疫测定技术与传感技术的发展,人们开发了以固定化的抗体(抗原)为识别元件,基于特异性的免疫反应原理的免疫传感器.该传感器灵敏度高、选择性好,可实现对农药分子、工业有机污染物、重金属、生物毒素等有害物质的实时、在体、在线测定,在环境污染监测中具有巨大的应用前景.本文对免疫传感器的原理、制备、分类作了简要介绍,综述了近年来用于痕量有害物质检测的免疫传感器在固定化方法和传感技术等方面的最新研究成果,并探讨了免疫传感器在环境监测中的应用和发展方向.     

苏南典型河段磷的分布及释放特性研究

通过测定常州典型河段河水和底泥中的磷含量,同时分析了磷在不同底泥颗粒中含量分布的变化,阐述了河流中磷的分布和转移趋势。结果表明:河水中的磷含量通常低于底泥间隙水中的磷含量,但当河流发生富营养化后,底泥中的磷大量向上层水体释放,使得河水中的磷含量不断增加。底泥有效磷与总磷含量之间没有明显相关性,而与底泥间隙水的磷含量之间存在着交换平衡。底泥颗粒以2μm~50μm的粒级为主,即以细砂和粉砂质有机-无机聚合体矿物颗粒为主。磷在底泥颗粒中的含量随着底泥粒径的增大而减少,且粒径越大的颗粒对磷的吸附能力越弱,其中的磷向外释放的可能性越大。     

渭北黄土高原苹果优质气候层带分析

本文利用元帅系苹果定位试验的品质测定资料,分析研究了苹果品质(含糖量、含酸量、硬度等)与海拔高度及其垂直气候层带的关系,认为我国渭北黄土高原海拔1000—1500m 范围的半湿润、半干旱地区,是全国苹果品质最佳的优质气候区。这一层带的气候-土壤生态条件,适宜于发展优质苹果生产和建立商品生产基地。     

Oxidative removal of acetaminophen using zero valent aluminum-acid system: Efficacy, influencing factors, and reaction mechanism

Commercial available zero valent aluminum under air-equilibrated acidic conditions (ZVAl/H⁺/air system) demonstrated an excellent capacity to remove aqueous organic compounds. Acetaminophen (ACTM), the active ingredient of the over-the-counter drug Tylenol^®, is widely present in the aquatic environment and therefore the treatment of ACTM-contaminated water calls for further research. Herein we investigated the oxidative removal of ACTM by ZVAl/H⁺/air system and the reaction mechanism. In acidic solutions (pH < 3.5), ZVAl displayed an excellent capacity to remove ACTM. More than 99% of ACTM was eliminated within 16 hr in pH 1.5 reaction solutions initially containing 2.0 g/L aluminum and 2.0 mg/L ACTM at 25 ± 1\textcelsius. Higher temperature and lower pH facilitated ACTM removal. The addition of different iron species Fe⁰, Fe²⁺ and Fe³⁺ into ZVAl/H⁺/air system dramatically accelerated the reaction likely due to the enhancing transformation of H₂O₂ to HO. via Fenton's reaction. Furthermore, the primary intermediate hydroquinone and the anions formate, acetate and nitrate, were identified and a possible reaction scheme was proposed. This work suggested that ZVAl/H⁺/air system may be potentially employed to treat ACTM-contaminated water.     

以有机农业为载体推进循环经济建设

分析了有机农业与循环经济的理论联系,论述了发展有机农业的必要性,提出了宝应应从有机食品基地、有机产业园、科学规划、市场化运作等方面来发展有机农业,并在此基础上,建设西湖、运西、东荡、中部四大循环经济示范园区,继而推进循环经济建设.     

天然黏土联合磷肥对农田土壤镉铅污染原位钝化修复效应研究

为研究天然黏土联合磷肥对农田土壤镉铅污染的原位钝化修复效应,在天津市某地开展了田间示范实验,以油麦菜、油菜和萝卜为模式作物,以海泡石、膨润土和磷肥等作为钝化修复材料,研究其对蔬菜可食部位生物量、镉铅含量和土壤中镉铅形态分布的影响,考察其对土壤镉铅污染的原位钝化修复效果.结果表明:磷肥、海泡石/磷肥复配、膨润土/磷肥复配...     

缓冲液对微生物燃料电池产电性能影响研究

微生物燃料电池(microbial fuel cell,MFC)应用于废水处理是一项非常有潜力的除污产能的绿色技术.但MFC运行过程中采用磷酸盐缓冲液不符合除污产能要求,增加水体富营养化趋势且增加水处理成本.试验采用单极室微生物燃料电池处理模拟生活污水,以投加PBS(phosphate buffer solution)...     

中国污染场地管理面临的问题及对策

概述了欧美国家污染场地管理现状,分析了中国污染场地管理面临的突出问题:中国在污染土壤管理的法律法规和标准、污染土壤的修复技术、污染土壤治理投入等方面同欧美国家有一定的差距.结合污染场地管理和场地风险评估、场地修复条件以及土地利用功能,提出了基于风险评估基础上污染场地管理程序和污染场地管理亟待开展的工作.指出了土壤环境标准体系,污染场地管理体系和污染场地修复技术体系的三元结构的完善是破解中国污染场地管理和修复的难题的根本.     

Quantifying the characteristics of particulate matters captured by urban plants using an automatic approach

It is widely accepted that urban plant leaves can capture airborne particles. Previous studies on the particle capture capacity of plant leaves have mostly focused on particle mass and/or size distribution. Fewer studies, however, have examined the particle density, and the size and shape characteristics of particles, which may have important implications for evaluating the particle capture efficiency of plants, and identifying the particle sources. In addition, the role of different vegetation types is as yet unclear. Here, we chose three species of different vegetation types, and firstly applied an object-based classification approach to automatically identify the particles from scanning electron microscope(SEM)micrographs. We then quantified the particle capture efficiency, and the major sources of particles were identified. We found(1) Rosa xanthina Lindl(shrub species) had greater retention efficiency than Broussonetia papyrifera(broadleaf species) and Pinus bungeana Zucc.(coniferous species), in terms of particle number and particle area cover.(2) 97.9% of the identified particles had diameter ≤10 μm, and 67.1% of them had diameter ≤2.5 μm. 89.8% of the particles had smooth boundaries, with 23.4% of them being nearly spherical.(3) 32.4%–74.1% of the particles were generated from bare soil and construction activities, and 15.5%–23.0% were mainly from vehicle exhaust and cooking fumes.     

新疆生态环境保护法律问题研究

通过对新疆地区生态环境及其法制建设现状进行分析,发现新疆地区的法制现状不容乐观,环境立法与执法不能完全适应经济社会可持续发展的要求。鉴于此,结合区情对所存在的问题提出生态环境保护的法制构想,以期推动区域经济、社会和环境的协调发展。