全文获取类型
收费全文 | 5366篇 |
免费 | 48篇 |
国内免费 | 21篇 |
专业分类
安全科学 | 115篇 |
废物处理 | 253篇 |
环保管理 | 376篇 |
综合类 | 884篇 |
基础理论 | 1332篇 |
环境理论 | 5篇 |
污染及防治 | 1746篇 |
评价与监测 | 414篇 |
社会与环境 | 292篇 |
灾害及防治 | 18篇 |
出版年
2023年 | 64篇 |
2022年 | 138篇 |
2021年 | 149篇 |
2020年 | 75篇 |
2019年 | 83篇 |
2018年 | 190篇 |
2017年 | 211篇 |
2016年 | 272篇 |
2015年 | 188篇 |
2014年 | 284篇 |
2013年 | 424篇 |
2012年 | 314篇 |
2011年 | 357篇 |
2010年 | 231篇 |
2009年 | 194篇 |
2008年 | 332篇 |
2007年 | 291篇 |
2006年 | 248篇 |
2005年 | 196篇 |
2004年 | 173篇 |
2003年 | 152篇 |
2002年 | 125篇 |
2001年 | 79篇 |
2000年 | 40篇 |
1999年 | 47篇 |
1998年 | 25篇 |
1997年 | 21篇 |
1996年 | 24篇 |
1995年 | 32篇 |
1994年 | 30篇 |
1993年 | 10篇 |
1992年 | 20篇 |
1991年 | 21篇 |
1990年 | 20篇 |
1989年 | 16篇 |
1988年 | 15篇 |
1987年 | 11篇 |
1986年 | 25篇 |
1985年 | 13篇 |
1984年 | 12篇 |
1983年 | 13篇 |
1982年 | 19篇 |
1981年 | 10篇 |
1980年 | 13篇 |
1972年 | 9篇 |
1966年 | 16篇 |
1965年 | 10篇 |
1957年 | 9篇 |
1956年 | 11篇 |
1954年 | 9篇 |
排序方式: 共有5435条查询结果,搜索用时 15 毫秒
201.
Anne-Leila Meistertzheim Sophie Arnaud-Haond Pierre Boudry Marie-Thérèse Thébault 《Marine Biology》2013,160(2):453-463
As a result of aquaculture activities, Pacific oysters Crassostrea gigas (Thunberg, 1793) have invaded European coasts. Using seven microsatellites, we found virtually no genetic differentiation between natural populations throughout the European range (from the south of the Wadden Sea (the Netherlands) to the south of France) and French cultivated oysters. The genetic homogeneity of Pacific oyster samples appears to be the result of repeated transfers from same seed stocks made for aquaculture and, to a lesser extent, widespread dispersal due to specific biological traits of this species. The only genetic differentiation of Sylt population in the north of the Wadden Sea (Germany) suggests a stronger, persistent impact of ongoing supply of new genetic material from hatchery production, corresponding to seeds selection made by breeders. All of our genetic data highlighted the importance of aquaculture practices on the genetic structure of the keystone invader C. gigas in Europe. 相似文献
202.
Human health impacts of exposure to metals through extreme consumption of fish from the Colombian Caribbean Sea 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Fabio Fuentes-Gandara José Pinedo-Hernández José Marrugo-Negrete Sergi Díez 《Environmental geochemistry and health》2018,40(1):229-242
The health risks of metal exposure due to the high consumption of fish were assessed for a riverine population living on the Caribbean coast of Colombia. The concentrations of metals (Cd, Cr, Cu, Hg, Ni, Pb and Zn) in the edible tissues of fish were determined and used for risk assessment. The daily fish consumption of residents (n = 95) was as high as 283, 366 and 469 g/day in children (CH), women of childbearing age (WCHA) and the remaining population groups (RP), respectively. The estimation of the potential risk (HQ) indicated that there was no health risk from most of the metals, because they did not exceed their related reference doses, with values of HQ < 1. Although the concentrations of Pb and Hg were not particularly high in fish (<0.2 µg/g), their possible health effects for vulnerable groups are of great concern due to the extremely high fish intake. The Pb intake for all groups was higher than the lower confidence limit of the benchmark dose for nephrotoxicity and neurodevelopmental effects in children. The weekly intake of methylmercury was also elevated, with values approximately 3, 2 and 1.5 times the provisional tolerable weekly intake for CH, WCHA and RP, respectively. Moreover, higher Hg levels were found in top predators, whereas maximum levels for other metals were found in bottom-feeding fish. This study highlights that an accurate data of daily intake, a continuous monitoring of metals in fish and their related fish consumption advisories to protect subsistence fishing communities are recommended in a local and worldwide context. 相似文献
203.
Gabriel Núñez-Antonio Manuel Mendoza Alberto Contreras-Cristán Eduardo Gutiérrez-Peña Eduardo Mendoza 《Environmental and Ecological Statistics》2018,25(4):471-494
The study of the interaction among species is an active area of research in Ecology. In particular, it is of interest to evaluate the overlap of their ecological niches. Temporal activity is one of the niche’s axes most commonly used to explore ecological segregation among animal species, and many contributions focus on the overlap of this variable. Once the information of the temporal activity is obtained in the wild, the data is treated as a random sample. There exist different methods to estimate the overlap. Specifically, in the case of two species, one possibility is to estimate the density of the temporal activity of each species and then evaluate the overlap between these density functions. This leads naturally to the analysis of circular data. Most of the procedures currently in use impose some rather restrictive assumptions on the probabilistic models used to describe the phenomena, and only provide approximate measures of the uncertainty involved in the process. In this article, we propose a Bayesian nonparametric approach which incorporates a well-defined noninformative prior. We take advantage of the data structure to define such a prior in terms of the predictive distribution. To the best of our knowledge, this is a novel approach. Our procedure is compared with a well-known method using simulated data, and applied to the analysis of real camera-trap data concerning two mammalian species from the El Triunfo biosphere reserve (Chiapas, Mexico). 相似文献
204.
Halima Sassi Gwendoline Lafaye Hédi Ben Amor Abdelaziz Gannouni Mohamed Razak Jeday Jacques BarbierJr 《Frontiers of Environmental Science & Engineering》2018,12(1):2
Microwave irradiation has been used to prepare Al, Fe-pillared clays from a natural Tunisian smectite from the El Hicha deposit (province of Gabes). Chemical analysis, XRD spectra and surface properties evidenced the success of pillaring process. The obtained solids present higher surface area and pore volume than conventionally prepared Al-Fe pillared clays. The main advantages of the microwave methodology are the considerable reduction of the synthesis time and the consumption of water. The microwave-derived Al-Fe pillared clays have been tested for catalytic wet air oxidation (CWAO) of phenol in a stirred tank at 160°C and 20 bar of pure oxygen pressure. These materials are efficient for CWAO of phenol and are highly stable despite the severe operating conditions (acidic media, high pressure, high temperature). The catalyst deactivation was also significantly hindered when compared to conventionally prepared clays. Al-Fe pillared clays prepared by microwave methodology are promising as catalysts for CWAO industrial water treatment.
相似文献
205.
Jesús Cambrollé Juan Manuel Mancilla-Leytón Sara Muñoz-Vallés Beatriz Morenza-Barrera Manuel Enrique Figueroa 《Journal of Coastal Conservation》2018,22(6):1201-1207
Human pressure has been exponentially growing during recent decades in coastal areas, which have led to drastic losses of biodiversity in coastal ecosystems. The current conservation status of many coastal plant species is directly related to a lack of environmental criteria in the urban planning of coastal areas over recent decades. This study aimed to evaluate the evolution, over the last 9 years, of the conservation status of various populations of the endangered plant Glaucium flavum, exploring the extent to which human pressure and different management strategies practiced in the coastal areas where the populations are established have affected the conservation status of the species. The populations analysed have evolved in a different manner over the last 9 years, as have their threat factors, and a relationship was evident between their conservation status and the evolution of these different threat factors. Our results indicate that an appropriate planning of local management actions, such as the installation of walkways or the successful eradication of invasive species, may be determinant factors for successful conservation of the coastal vegetation. The presence of species that are sensitive to slight changes in the ecosystem, and the main factors that govern the plant performance of these species, must be given full consideration in decision-making processes of coastal planning and management. 相似文献
206.
Camille?CoronEmail authorView authors OrcID profile Clément?Calenge Christophe?Giraud Romain?Julliard 《Environmental and Ecological Statistics》2018,25(1):71-93
We develop a new statistical procedure to monitor relative species abundances and their respective preferences for different habitat types, using opportunistic data. Following Giraud et al. (Biometrics 72(2):649–658, 2015), we combine the opportunistic data with some standardized data in order to correct the bias inherent to the opportunistic data collection. Species observations are modeled by Poisson distributions whose parameters quantify species abundances and habitat preferences, and are estimated using Bayesian computations. Our main contributions are (i) to tackle the bias induced by habitat selection behaviors, (ii) to handle data where the habitat type associated to each observation is unknown, (iii) to estimate probabilities of selection of habitat for the species. As an illustration, we estimate common bird species habitat preferences and abundances in the region of Aquitaine (France). 相似文献
207.
Alexandre?C.?L.?Almeida Luiz?H.?Duczmal André?L.?F.?Can?adoEmail author Fabio?R.?da?Silva 《Environmental and Ecological Statistics》2018,25(2):257-275
Multiple data sources are essential to provide reliable information regarding the emergence of potential health threats, compared to single source methods. Spatial Scan Statistics have been adapted to analyze multivariate data sources, but only ad hoc procedures have been devised to address the problem of selecting the most likely cluster and computing its significance. In this work, information from multiple data sources of disease surveillance is incorporated to achieve more coherent spatial cluster detection using tools from multi-criteria analysis. The best cluster solutions are found by maximizing two objective functions simultaneously, based on the concept of dominance. To evaluate the statistical significance of solutions, a statistical approach based on the concept of attainment function is used. The multi-criteria approach has several advantages: the representation of the evaluation function for each data source is clear, and does not suffer from an artificial, and possibly confusing mixture with the other data source evaluations; it is possible to attribute, in a rigorous way, the statistical significance of each candidate cluster; and it is possible to analyze and pick-up the best cluster solutions, as given naturally by the non-dominated set. The methodology is illustrated with real datasets. 相似文献
208.
de F. Araújo Karla C. de P. Barreto Jéssica P. Cardozo Jussara C. dos Santos Elisama Vieira de Araújo Danyelle M. Martínez-Huitle Carlos A. 《Environmental Chemistry Letters》2018,16(2):647-652
Environmental Chemistry Letters - There is increasing concern about contamination by surfactants that are used to extract organic pollutants during remediation of polluted soils and aquifers. For... 相似文献
209.
Oleksandra Ganzenko Nihal Oturan Ignasi Sirés David Huguenot Eric D. van Hullebusch Giovanni Esposito Mehmet A. Oturan 《Environmental Chemistry Letters》2018,16(1):281-286
Cytostatic drugs are a troublesome class of emerging pollutants in water owing to their potential effects on DNA. Here we studied the removal of 5-fluorouracil from water using the electro-Fenton process. Galvanostatic electrolyses were performed with an undivided laboratory-scale cell equipped with a boron-doped diamond anode and a carbon felt cathode. Results show that the fastest degradation and almost complete mineralization was obtained at a Fe2+ catalyst concentration of 0.2 mM. The absolute rate constant for oxidation of 5-fluorouracil by hydroxyl radicals was 1.52 × 109 M?1 s?1. Oxalic and acetic acids were initially formed as main short-chain aliphatic by-products, then were completely degraded. After 6 h the final solution mainly contained inorganic ions (NH4 +, NO3 ? and F?) and less than 10% of residual organic carbon. Hence, electro-Fenton constitutes an interesting alternative to degrade biorefractory drugs. 相似文献
210.
A coupled solar photo-Fenton (chemical) and biological treatment has been used to remove biorecalcitrant diuron (42 mg l(-1)) and linuron (75 mg l(-1)) herbicides from water at pilot plant scale. The chemical process has been carried out in a 82 l solar pilot plant made up by four compound parabolic collector units, and it was followed by a biological treatment performed in a 40 l sequencing batch reactor. Two Fe(II) doses (2 and 5 mg l(-1)) and sequential additions of H2O2 (20 mg l(-1)) have been used to chemically degrade the initially polluted effluent. Next, biodegradability at different oxidation states has been assessed by means of BOD/COD ratio. A reagent dose of Fe=5 mg l(-1) and H2O2=100 mg l(-1) has been required to obtain a biodegradable effluent after 100 min of irradiation time. Finally, the organic content of the photo-treated solution has been completely assimilated by a biomass consortium in the sequencing batch reactor using a total suspended solids concentration of 0.2 g l(-1) and a hydraulic retention time of 24h. Comparison between the data obtained at pilot plant scale (specially the one corresponding to the chemical step) and previously published data from a similar system performing at laboratory scale, has been carried out. 相似文献