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211.
Stefano Goffredo Erik Caroselli Elettra Pignotti Guido Mattioli Francesco Zaccanti 《Marine Biology》2007,152(2):351-361
The correlation between two environmental factors (solar radiation and sea surface temperature), biometry, and population
density was assessed along a latitudinal gradient in the zooxanthellate coral Balanophyllia europaea and in the azooxanthellate coral Leptopsammia pruvoti. With increasing polyp size, the oral disc of B. europaea assumed an oval shape, while that of L. pruvoti retained a circular shape. In both species, biometric parameters varied more with temperature than with solar radiation.
In the zooxanthellate species, temperature explained a higher percentage of biometric parameter variance than in the azooxanthellate
species. While environmental factors did not co-vary with demographic characteristics in L. pruvoti, temperature was negatively related to the population density of B. europaea. It is hypothesized that the negative effect of temperature on biometry and population density of B. europaea depends on photosynthesis inhibition of symbiotic zooxanthellae at high temperatures, which would lower the calcification
rate and availability of energetic resources. 相似文献
212.
Stefano Cannicci Marina Gomei Farid Dahdouh-Guebas Rocco Rorandelli Antonio Terlizzi 《Marine Biology》2007,151(4):1331-1342
The abundance of trophic sources on the intertidal zone is discontinuous and their supply can vary both in a predictable or
unpredictable way. The Mediterranean semi-terrestrial crab Pachygrapsus marmoratus, is known, as adult, to entirely rely on the intertidal trophic sources, and, consequently, it faces the fluctuations of
nutritional sources and quality. To clarify the relationships between the feeding habits of an Italian population of P. marmoratus and the temporal variation of its food sources, we carried out a 2-year sampling protocol. Data on seasonal variation in
composition of intertidal food item assemblages, on the average content in N and C of the commonest algae, on seasonal changes
in crabs feeding habits were collected and compared using a suite of multivariate and univariate techniques. Results showed
that P. marmoratus takes advantage of the recruitment phase of the most common invertebrates, affecting and controlling the abundance even of
those species whose adults are out of its reach. It can act both as a herbivore, and as a carnivore that shifts between bivalves,
more abundant in spring/summer, and the periwinkle Melaraphe neritoides, during winter. In conclusion, we provide evidences on the food choice of this common rocky shore species, which is very
plastic and capable of relying on many trophic sources, possibly influencing the abundance and/or the population structure
of a number of intertidal populations. 相似文献
213.
Summary In summer, males of Polistes dominulus form large aggregations at sunny landmarks. We identified two size-correlated behavioural categories: residents (R) and transient (T). R males, which constitute 20%–25% of the total population, are larger than T males, territorial, aggressive, and more site-faithful, while T males range more widely, are non-aggressive, and show little site tenacity. Field and laboratory data suggest that R males have an advantage in mating, particularly if they engage in frequent flights while on their territories. These alternative mating tactics within the same population are combined with behavioural flexibility in some individuals, which switch from one option to the other. 相似文献
214.
Camilla Roveta Anna Annibaldi Flavio Vagnoni Torcuato Pulido Mantas Federico Domenichelli Stefano Gridelli 《Chemistry and Ecology》2020,36(5):486-492
ABSTRACTAurelia is a jellyfish genus common in coastal and estuarine habitats, that are typically affected by human pressures such as heavy metals contamination. Mercury is one of the most dangerous due to its high toxicity, persistence and bioaccumulation. In this paper, we tested for the first time the independent and combined effects of a level of mercury allowable by European regulation in force and hyposalinity on the asexual reproduction of Aurelia sp. polyps, mirroring a realistic scenario. Both mercury (0.07?µg/L, Maximum Allowable Concentration) and salinity (18 and 23 PSU) and the combination of the two factors stimulated the asexual reproduction increasing the number of polyps and buds during the 41 days of experiments. The increment of the asexual reproduction and the absence of suffering and mortality suggest that levels of mercury below the concentration fixed by the law and hyposalinity conditions could promote jellyfish proliferations, according to the hormesis hypothesis. 相似文献
215.
Abundance vector estimation is a well investigated problem in statistical ecology. The use of simple random sampling with replacement or replicated sampling ensures good asymptotic properties of the abundance vector estimators. However, real surveys are based on small sample sizes, and assuming any specific distribution of the abundance vector estimator may be hazardous.In this paper we focus our attention on situations where the population is not too large and the sample size is small. We propose bootstrap multivariate confidence regions based on data depth. Data depth is a geometrical concept of ordering data from the center outwardly in higher dimensions. The Simplicial depth, the Tukey's depth and the Mahalanobis depth are presented. In order to build confidence regions in the presence of a skewed distribution of the abundance vector estimator, the use of Tukey's depth is suggested. The proposed method has been applied to the benthic community of Lake Lesina. A comparison with Mahalanobis depth and standard existing methods is reported. 相似文献
216.
Francesco Lucarelli Paolo De Stefano Luigi G. Napolitano Pasquale Murino Rosario Vigliotti 《Environmental management》1994,18(4):597-604
After a critical analysis of the strategies for conservation of the environment in Latin America and of large-scale development
projects (agriculture and livestock raising, mining and electrical power plants) in the Amazon region of Brazil, this paper
deals with the use of high-resolution satellite imagery for environmental monitoring. Two areas were considered in the study,
Tucurui and Altamira. Spot/XS and Landsat/TM multispectral images were used, together with color aerial photographs of these
areas. A computer-assisted visual interpretation procedure was employed to analyze images, and linear multispectral transformation
was applied in selected subscenes in order to improve information extraction. The results indicate that high-resolution satellite
imagery is generally compatible with the scale of the environmental problems in Amazonia and is a very efficient source of
detailed information at a local scale on many aspects of the environment, in particular for monitoring changes over time in
selected areas. Therefore, commercial satellite imagery, processed by specialized software, can accommodate a variety of analysis
needs for decision makers and can also be an effective means of verification of international agreements on conservation of
the environment in Amazonia. 相似文献
217.
Timing matters when assessing dominance and chemical signatures in the paper wasp Polistes dominulus
Leonardo Dapporto Claudia Bruschini Rita Cervo Francesca R. Dani Duncan E Jackson Stefano Turillazzi 《Behavioral ecology and sociobiology》2010,64(8):1363-1365
A recent study (Izzo et al., Behav Ecol Sociobiol 64: 857–864, 2010) reported that cuticular hydrocarbons (CHCs) correlate with fertility, not dominance, in the paper wasp Polistes dominulus thus contradicting the results of recent investigations which concluded that social dominance is the main determinant for
CHC signatures in this species. We suggest here that different forms of dominance in the pre-nesting and post-nesting phases
caused the apparently contradictory results. Thus the assumption that dominance behaviour in the pre-nesting stage is synonymous
with dominance after colony foundation is incorrect. We provide standardised definitions for forms of “dominance” observed
in the P. dominulus life cycle to avoid apparent discrepancies in the future among studies dealing with the same topics in different annual stages. 相似文献
218.
Sea ports and the related maritime activities (e.g. shipping, shipbuilding, etc.) are one of the main driver of Europe’s growth, jobs, competitiveness and prosperity. The continuously growth of shipping sectors has however introduced some environmental concerns, particularly with respect to ship-generated waste management. The port of Koper, one of the major ports on the northern Adriatic Coast, is the focus of this study. In this paper, a life cycle assessment was performed to identify and quantify the environmental impacts caused by the ship-generated waste management of port of Koper. Carcinogens substance (e.g. dioxins) and inorganic emissions, especially heavy metals, resulted to be the most critical environmental issues, while the fossil fuels consumption is reduced by recovery of ship-generated oils. Moreover, the final treatment of ship waste was found to be critical phase of the management, and the landfill have a significant contribute to the overall environmental load. These results can be useful in the identification of the best practices and in the implementation of waste management plans in ports. 相似文献
219.
This study aimed at investigating the cellular distribution of Hg in the lichens Cladonia arbuscula subsp. mitis and Peltigera rufescens treated with Hg2+ and at testing if Hg treatment affects selected physiological parameters. In both species, increasing Hg accumulation under increasing Hg supply in the treatment solutions was found. P. rufescens showed a higher intracellular accumulation. Photosynthetic parameters were negatively affected in both species, as indicated by the decrease in photosynthetic pigments content, photosynthetic efficiency and chlorophyll integrity. Cell membranes of both species endured damage as indicated by the increase in the concentration of products of lipid peroxidation and decrease in ergosterol content. Nevertheless, differences between the two species were found, suggesting a differential sensitivity to Hg. 相似文献
220.
Stefano Campanari Paolo Chiesa Giampaolo Manzolini 《International Journal of Greenhouse Gas Control》2010,4(3):441-451
In this paper Molten Carbonate Fuel Cells (MCFCs) are considered for their potential application in carbon dioxide separation when integrated into natural gas fired combined cycles. The MCFC performs on the anode side an electrochemical oxidation of natural gas by means of CO32? ions which, as far as carbon capture is concerned, results in a twofold advantage: the cell removes CO2 fed at the cathode to promote carbonate ion transport across the electrolyte and any dilution of the oxidized products is avoided.The MCFC can be “retrofitted” into a combined cycle, giving the opportunity to remove most of the CO2 contained in the gas turbine exhaust gases before they enter the heat recovery steam generator (HRSG), and allowing to exploit the heat recovery steam cycle in an efficient “hybrid” fuel cell + steam turbine configuration. The carbon dioxide can be easily recovered from the cell anode exhaust after combustion with pure oxygen (supplied by an air separation unit) of the residual fuel, cooling of the combustion products in the HRSG and water separation. The resulting power cycle has the potential to keep the overall cycle electrical efficiency approximately unchanged with respect to the original combined cycle, while separating 80% of the CO2 otherwise vented and limiting the size of the fuel cell, which contributes to about 17% of the total power output so that most of the power capacity relies on conventional low cost turbo-machinery. The calculated specific energy for CO2 avoided is about 4 times lower than average values for conventional post-combustion capture technology. A sensitivity analysis shows that positive results hold also changing significantly a number of MCFC and plant design parameters. 相似文献