全文获取类型
收费全文 | 362篇 |
免费 | 19篇 |
国内免费 | 3篇 |
专业分类
安全科学 | 13篇 |
废物处理 | 5篇 |
环保管理 | 71篇 |
综合类 | 56篇 |
基础理论 | 102篇 |
污染及防治 | 88篇 |
评价与监测 | 32篇 |
社会与环境 | 15篇 |
灾害及防治 | 2篇 |
出版年
2023年 | 8篇 |
2022年 | 7篇 |
2021年 | 4篇 |
2020年 | 6篇 |
2019年 | 3篇 |
2018年 | 5篇 |
2017年 | 10篇 |
2016年 | 18篇 |
2015年 | 12篇 |
2014年 | 6篇 |
2013年 | 30篇 |
2012年 | 12篇 |
2011年 | 22篇 |
2010年 | 17篇 |
2009年 | 14篇 |
2008年 | 19篇 |
2007年 | 27篇 |
2006年 | 24篇 |
2005年 | 7篇 |
2004年 | 15篇 |
2003年 | 13篇 |
2002年 | 10篇 |
2001年 | 4篇 |
2000年 | 7篇 |
1999年 | 4篇 |
1998年 | 5篇 |
1997年 | 6篇 |
1996年 | 2篇 |
1995年 | 3篇 |
1994年 | 3篇 |
1993年 | 4篇 |
1992年 | 3篇 |
1991年 | 5篇 |
1990年 | 6篇 |
1989年 | 3篇 |
1987年 | 3篇 |
1986年 | 3篇 |
1984年 | 4篇 |
1982年 | 2篇 |
1981年 | 2篇 |
1980年 | 4篇 |
1979年 | 7篇 |
1978年 | 4篇 |
1977年 | 2篇 |
1975年 | 1篇 |
1970年 | 1篇 |
1966年 | 1篇 |
1954年 | 1篇 |
1953年 | 1篇 |
1935年 | 1篇 |
排序方式: 共有384条查询结果,搜索用时 343 毫秒
131.
The theory behind,and the challenges of,conserving nature's stage in a time of rapid change
下载免费PDF全文
![点击此处可从《Conservation biology》网站下载免费的PDF全文](/ch/ext_images/free.gif)
Joshua J. Lawler David D. Ackerly Christine M. Albano Mark G. Anderson Solomon Z. Dobrowski Jacquelyn L. Gill Nicole E. Heller Robert L. Pressey Eric W. Sanderson Stuart B. Weiss 《Conservation biology》2015,29(3):618-629
Most conservation planning to date has focused on protecting today's biodiversity with the assumption that it will be tomorrow's biodiversity. However, modern climate change has already resulted in distributional shifts of some species and is projected to result in many more shifts in the coming decades. As species redistribute and biotic communities reorganize, conservation plans based on current patterns of biodiversity may fail to adequately protect species in the future. One approach for addressing this issue is to focus on conserving a range of abiotic conditions in the conservation‐planning process. By doing so, it may be possible to conserve an abiotically diverse “stage” upon which evolution will play out and support many actors (biodiversity). We reviewed the fundamental underpinnings of the concept of conserving the abiotic stage, starting with the early observations of von Humboldt, who mapped the concordance of abiotic conditions and vegetation, and progressing to the concept of the ecological niche. We discuss challenges posed by issues of spatial and temporal scale, the role of biotic drivers of species distributions, and latitudinal and topographic variation in relationships between climate and landform. For example, abiotic conditions are not static, but change through time—albeit at different and often relatively slow rates. In some places, biotic interactions play a substantial role in structuring patterns of biodiversity, meaning that patterns of biodiversity may be less tightly linked to the abiotic stage. Furthermore, abiotic drivers of biodiversity can change with latitude and topographic position, meaning that the abiotic stage may need to be defined differently in different places. We conclude that protecting a diversity of abiotic conditions will likely best conserve biodiversity into the future in places where abiotic drivers of species distributions are strong relative to biotic drivers, where the diversity of abiotic settings will be conserved through time, and where connectivity allows for movement among areas providing different abiotic conditions. 相似文献
132.
Long-term studies have revealed that the structure and dynamics of many tropical forests are changing, but the causes and consequences of these changes remain debated. To learn more about the forces driving changes within tropical forests, we investigated shifts in tree species composition over the past 25 years within the 50-ha Forest Dynamics Plot on Barro Colorado Island (BCI), Panama, and examined how observed patterns relate to predictions of (1) random population fluctuations, (2) carbon fertilization, (3) succession from past disturbance, (4) recovery from an extreme El Ni?o drought at the start of the study period, and (5) long-term climate change. We found that there have been consistent and directional changes in the tree species composition. These shifts have led to increased relative representations of drought-tolerant species as determined by the species' occurrence both across a gradient of soil moisture within BCI and across a wider precipitation gradient from a dry forest near the Pacific coast of Panama to a wet forest near its Caribbean coast. These nonrandom changes cannot be explained by stochastic fluctuations or carbon fertilization. They may be the legacy of the El Ni?o drought, or alternatively, potentially reflect increased aridity due to long-term climate change. By investigating compositional changes, we increased not only our understanding of the ecology of tropical forests and their responses to large-scale disturbances, but also our ability to predict how future global change will impact some of the critical services provided by these important ecosystems. 相似文献
133.
Neil Aldrin D. Mallari Nigel J. Collar Philip J. K. McGowan Stuart J. Marsden 《Environmental management》2013,51(6):1236-1246
The lack of scientific baseline information hinders appropriate design and management of protected areas. To illustrate the value of science to management, we consider five scenarios for the 202.0 km² Puerto Princesa Subterranean River National Park, Philippines: (1) closure to human activities, (2) and (3) two levels of increase in unplanned human activities, (4) creation of a forest corridor and (5) additional allocation of land for permanent or shifting agriculture. We then use habitat-specific bird density estimates to simulate the net effect of each scenario on 18 focal bird populations. Closure has significant benefits—populations of five species are predicted to increase by >50 % and nine by >25 %, but two secondary forest flycatchers, including the endemic and ‘Vulnerable’ Palawan flycatcher, decline dramatically, while the creation of a 4.0 km² forest corridor yields average increases across species of 2 ± 4 % (SD). In contrast, heavier unplanned park usage produces declines in all but a few species, while the negative effects of an extra 2.0 km² of shifting cultivation are 3–5 times higher than for a similar area of permanent agriculture and affect species whose densities are highest in primary habitats. Relatively small changes within the park, especially those associated with agricultural expansion, has serious predicted implications for local bird populations. Our models do not take into account the full complexities of bird ecology at a site, but they do provide park managers with an evidence base from which to make better decisions relating to biodiversity conservation obligations which their parks are intended to meet. 相似文献
134.
This paper applies an ecosystem approach to analyse the livelihood of fishers dependent on the Old Brahmaputra River in Mymensingh, Bangladesh. Results suggest that the livelihood of fishers is increasingly threatened because of the fragile river ecosystem and poor livelihood assets. Most fishers face a wide range of vulnerability including shocks, trends and seasonality. This is because the ecosystem of the resource base on which their livelihood depends (i.e. the Old Brahmaputra River) has been degraded severely resulting in a significant decline in fish catch due to a combination of factors, such as over-fishing, use of destructive fishing gears, water pollution, siltation, rapid urbanisation and environmental degradation. We propose an adoption of the socio-ecological system with active community participation in the management of the resource base and collaboration amongst key stakeholders to produce positive livelihood outcomes for the fishers. 相似文献
135.
136.
Stuart Harris 《Resources Policy》1980,6(2):179-191
Developments in Australia's resource industries in recent years have raised policy issues not previously encountered, and their consideration has been superimposed onto traditional policies affecting resource production and use. This review of Australia's policies on resources - here meaning minerals and energy policies - looks at the objectives of these policies and their interrelationships. It considers issues such as management, development objectives, investment, taxation, environment and processing, and likely future developments. 相似文献
137.
138.
Jonathan J. Waters Sally Walsh Lisa J. Levett Stuart Liddle Yinka Akinfenwa 《黑龙江环境通报》2006,26(10):892-897
A chorion villus sample (CVS) biopsied at 11 weeks' gestation for raised nuchal translucency, revealed monosomy X (presumptive 45,X karyotype) by QF-PCR for rapid aneuploidy testing for chromosomes 13, 18, 21, X and Y. Long-term culture gave the karyotype: 47,XY,+ 21[66]/49,XYY,+ 21,+ 21 [22]. This discrepancy prompted redigestion of the combined residual villus fragments from the original QF-PCR assay. The repeat QF-PCR assay identified the presence of trisomy 21 and a Y chromosome consistent with a 47,XY,+ 21 karyotype. A double non-disjunction event early in embryogenesis in a 47,XY,+ 21 conceptus with subsequent cell lineage compartmentalisation of the three observed cell lines (45,X; 47,XY,+ 21 and 49,XYY,+ 21,+ 21) would account for these results. This is the first reported case to describe complete discrepancy at diagnosis between abnormal karyotypes detected by QF-PCR rapid aneuploidy testing and a cultured karyotype in the same CVS. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
139.
Stuart H Ibarra C Abdallah MA Boon R Neels H Covaci A 《Environment international》2008,34(8):1170-1175
Average concentrations of polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) in dust in 30 homes, 18 offices, and 20 cars were 260,000, 31,000, and 340,000 ng SigmaPBDEs g(-1) respectively. Concentrations of BDEs 47, 99, 100, and 154 in cars exceeded significantly (p<0.05) those in homes and offices. Average concentrations of 1,2-bis(2,4,6-tribromophenoxy)ethane (TBE) and decabromodiphenyl ethane (DBDPE) in homes, offices, and cars respectively were lower at 120, 7.2, and 7.7 ng g(-1) (TBE) and 270, 170, and 400 ng g(-1) (DBDPE). BDE-209 concentrations in three samples are the highest to date at 2,600,000 (car), 2,200,000 (home), and 1,400,000 ng g(-1) (home). UK toddlers daily consuming 200 mg dust contaminated at the 95th percentile concentration, ingest 180 ng (Sigma)tri-hexa-BDEs and 310 microg BDE-209 day(-1). For TBE, exposure was lower than for PBDEs and hexabromocyclododecanes (HBCDs), while that for DBDPE was similar in magnitude to (Sigma)tri-hexa-BDEs, but less than for BDE-209 and HBCDs. BDE-209 concentrations recorded in ten samples taken at monthly intervals in one room varied 400-fold, implying caution when using single measurements of dust contamination for exposure assessment. Significant negative correlation was observed in one room between concentrations of BDE-47, 99, and 153 and dust loading (g dust m(-2) floor), suggesting "dilution" occurs at higher dust loadings. 相似文献
140.
Plotkin M Hod I Zaban A Boden SA Bagnall DM Galushko D Bergman DJ 《Die Naturwissenschaften》2010,97(12):1067-1076
The Oriental hornet worker correlates its digging activity with solar insolation. Solar radiation passes through the epicuticle,
which exhibits a grating-like structure, and continues to pass through layers of the exo-endocuticle until it is absorbed by the pigment melanin in the brown-colored cuticle or xanthopterin in the yellow-colored
cuticle. The correlation between digging activity and the ability of the cuticle to absorb part of the solar radiation implies
that the Oriental hornet may harvest parts of the solar radiation. In this study, we explore this intriguing possibility by
analyzing the biophysical properties of the cuticle. We use rigorous coupled wave analysis simulations to show that the cuticle
surfaces are structured to reduced reflectance and act as diffraction gratings to trap light and increase the amount absorbed
in the cuticle. A dye-sensitized solar cell (DSSC) was constructed in order to show the ability of xanthopterin to serve as
a light-harvesting molecule. 相似文献