黄河流域干旱状况变化的气候与植被特征分析

应用干旱的气候分析方法和遥感监测方法,分别利用1982～1998年(1999年)降水和气温气象数据,以及AVHRR的NDVI遥感数据计算了黄河流域气候干旱指数和距平NDVI。以像元为单位,应用线性回归斜率和相关系数分析了流域内干旱状况的气候特征和植被特征的变化状况,并进行了流域干旱状况类型的区域划分,从气候和植被特征方面分析了黄河流域近18年来干旱变化状况。通过研究得出以下结论:黄河流域在1982～1999年间干旱的气候特征比较突出,在101°20'E以东地区受干旱威胁,共占黄河流域面积的71%;黄河流域在101°20'E以西的源头地区,干旱的气候特征和植被特征目前都处在相对减弱的趋势中,干旱没有进一步严重恶化的迹象;黄河流域灌溉农业地区植被基本不受气候干旱的影响。     

A simulation model for projecting changes in salinity concentrations and species dominance in the coastal margin habitats of the Everglades

Sharp boundaries typically separate the salinity tolerant mangroves from the salinity intolerant hardwood hammock species, which occupy the similar geographical areas of southern Florida. Evidence of strong feedback between tree community-type and the salinity of the unsaturated (vadose) zone of the soil suggests that a severe disturbance that significantly tilts the salinity in the vadose zone might cause a shift from one vegetation type to the other. In this study, a model based upon the feedback dynamics between vegetation and salinity of the vadose zone of the soil was used to take account of storm surge events to investigate the mechanisms that by which this large-scale disturbance could affect the spatial pattern of hardwood hammocks and mangroves. Model simulation results indicated that a heavy storm surge that completely saturated the vadose zone at 30 ppt for 1 day could lead to a regime shift in which there is domination by mangroves of areas previously dominated by hardwood hammocks. Lighter storm surges that saturated the vadose zone at less than 7 ppt did not cause vegetation shifts. Investigations of model sensitivity analysis indicated that the thickness of the vadose zone, coupled with precipitation, influenced the residence time of high salinity in the vadose zone and therefore determined the rate of mangrove domination. The model was developed for a southern Florida coastal ecosystem, but its applicability may be much broader.     

广州帽峰山林区空气负离子动态及与环境因子的关系

采用定位连续观测方法,研究了广州帽峰山森林公园负离子含量近5年的年、季、月变化及不同天气的变化规律,并以此对帽峰山森林公园的空气质量进行了计量评价.分析了空气负离子含量与环境因子的相关关系.结果表明:林区不同观测区的负离子含量差异较大,山下瀑布空间负离子含量最高.平均水平达达2l 729 ions.cm-3;林内负离子含量年间及月间变化不大,沟谷小溪和山中部瀑布空间由于人为干扰,负离子含量年动态呈现降低趋势,山下瀑布空间年负离子含量维持在20000 iotis·cm-3左右;负离子含量的季节差异显著,春夏季大于冬秋季,夏季最高、冬季最低.空气质量评价系数CI的最低在2月份、最高在8月份.不同天气条件下负离子含量大小顺序为下雨>晴天>阴天.负离子含量与空气温度呈正相关,与空气湿度呈正相关.与空气气压呈负相关.     

重金属污染土壤植物修复研究进展

土壤重金属污染是当今世界面临的主要环境问题之一.植物修复定义为利用绿色植物去除环境中的污染物或使其无害化的生物技术.与传统环境修复技术相比,植物修复技术具有治理成本的低廉性,环境美学的兼容性,治理过程的原位性.本文主要对超富集植物的概念和特征、土壤重金属污染植物修复的方法和原理以及土壤重金属植物修复技术的强化措施进行了综述,并对植物修复的近期研究工作进行了展望.     

On-line controlling system for nitrogen and phosphorus removal of municipal wastewater in a sequencing batch reactor (SBR)

The objectives of this study were to establish an on-line controlling system for nitrogen and phosphorus removal synchronously of municipal wastewater in a sequencing batch reactor (SBR). The SBR for municipal wastewater treatment was operated in sequences: filling, anaerobic, oxic, anoxic, oxic, settling and discharge. The reactor was equipped with on-line monitoring sensors for dissolved oxygen (DO), oxidation-reduction potential (ORP) and pH. The variation of DO, ORP and pH is relevant to each phase of biological process for nitrogen and phosphorus removal in this SBR. The characteristic points of DO, ORP and pH can be used to judge and control the stages of process that include: phosphate release by the turning points of ORP and pH; nitrification by the ammonia valley of pH and ammonia elbows of DO and ORP; denitrification by the nitrate knee of ORP and nitrate apex of pH; phosphate uptake by the turning point of pH; and residual organic carbon oxidation by the carbon elbows of DO and ORP. The controlling system can operate automatically for nitrogen and phosphorus efficiently removal.     

一体化A/O生物膜反应器脱氮特性研究

根据传统好氧硝化和缺氧反硝化生物脱氮的工艺原理,设计并制作了一体化 A/O生物膜反应器,并就其对模拟生活污水的脱碳、脱氮处理效果进行了试验。结果表明,该一体化反应器在水力停留时间 HRT=24h时,COD的去除率达到 97%以上,硝化率和 TN的去除率分别达到92%和82%。出水NO3-N和NO2-N浓度保持在7.4mg/L和0.2mg/L左右。对各区污泥进行的硝化活性试验结果表明,该一体化反应器的缺氧区内存活有一定数量的具有硝化活性的细菌。     

基于EFA的旅游景区生态承载力及可持续发展

生态足迹分析(EFA)是一种测量人类对自然利用程度、量化生态承载力的新方法。为测度旅游景区的建设强度对其开发区域生态承载力的影响,本文提出基于生态足迹的“生态占用率”及划分“生态占用适宜度”的“生态占用黄金分割法”,并以湖北中华山森林公园为实例,定量分析该项目对景区生态承载力的影响及游客规模限量;为旅游业的可持续发展提供了新思路。     

旅顺港环境质量变化趋势与评价

利用1987～2003年中对旅顺港进行的7次监测的历史数据和资料,对旅顺港的水质、沉积物环境质量的变化趋势进行了研究。结果表明,20世纪90年代的旅顺港环境质量较差,1999年始由于加大了对旅顺港环境污染的综合治理．以及2000年至2002年对旅顺港疏浚,使旅顺港的环境质量明显变好。     

等离子体发生区工作时发射特定光谱的研究

介绍了2种不同等离子体发生区和不同测量距离对等离子体发生区沿面蓝光中紫外光的波长和相对光强的影响,所测的臭氧发生量大的等离子体发生区的紫外光的相对光强高,测量距离与相对光强呈指数关系,并且等离子体发生区沿面蓝光具有光催化作用。     

Research on an Online Identification Algorithm for a Thevenin Battery Model by an Experimental Approach

To improve the estimation accuracy of battery’s inner state for battery management system, an online parameters identification algorithm for Thevenin battery model is researched. The Thevenin model and parameters identification algorithm based on recursive least square adaptive filter algorithm was built with the Simulink/xPC Target. The results of hardware-in-loop experiment, which uses Federal Urban Driving Schedule test to verify the parameters identification approach, show the proposed approach can accurately identify the model parameters within 1% maximum terminal voltage estimation error, and the State of Charge error which calculated by the open circuit voltage estimates can be efficiently reduced to 4%.