催化动力学光度法测定痕量铜（Ⅱ）

研究了在稀硫酸介质中，用α，α‘－联吡啶作活化剂，痕量铜催化高碘酸钾氧化茂红Ｔ的褪色反应及动力学条件，建立了催化动力学光度法测定痕量铜的方法。检测限为０．４１μｇ／ＬＣｕ，线性范围为０－０．８μｇ／２５ｍＬＣｕ。方法操作简单，灵敏度高，准确性好，可用于水质及人发中痕量铜的测定，结果满意。     

西藏尼洋河流域果树资源及其开发途径探讨

西藏尼洋河流域果树资源丰富,栽培果树有苹果、梨、桃、李、杏和葡萄等9种和90多个品种;野生果树有7科16属41种,目前利用程度低,开发潜力大。文中提出了该地区果树资源的开发途径,在尼洋河下游和雅鲁藏布江的扎绕乡至派乡之间段的河谷地上形成“Y”字型的水(干)果种植带,建设成为西藏的水(干)果生产基地,并对现有果园改造更新,充分利用野生水果资源,建立果品综合加工厂等以满足西藏市场对水果和果品的需要。     

黄河中游水保措施对入黄干支流泥沙特性的影响:Ⅱ.减沙效益分析

应用文献［１］关于不同地貌类型及不同水保措施条件下黄河干支流中泥沙粒径分布的研究结果,可以对相应条件下的减沙效益进行有效的分析。利用文献［１］模型,本文不仅探讨了在给定地貌类型条件下各类水保措施实施前后流域汇入黄河干支流的泥沙总量的变化,而且还在扣除降雨变化的影响之后,预测了各类组合条件下非均匀泥沙中减沙效果最佳的粒径级和相应粒径级泥沙的减沙量,预测结果得到了黄河干支流各站所有实测资料的验证。文中还简要讨论了人类活动（主要是开矿）对减沙效益的影响。     

天然气长输管道压缩机组环境噪声适用标准问题初探

介绍了我国长输管道应用的天然气压缩机组的发展趋势以及我国环境噪声管理体系现状,分析了天然气压缩机组的工作原理和产生噪声的原因。对压气站噪声水平实测数据进行了分析,结合美国对噪声管理的经验,对改进和提高我国压气站噪声管理水平提出了建议。     

Phosphorus retention in small constructed wetlands treating agricultural drainage water

The construction of artificial wetlands has become a measure increasingly applied to reduce nonpoint-source (NPS) pollution and to contribute to the restoration of eutrophic lakes and coastal waters. In a 2-yr study monitoring fluxes of particulate and dissolved phosphorus (P) in a small artificial wetland for the treatment of agricultural drainage water in Central Switzerland, water residence time was identified as the main factor controlling P retention in the system. Since most of the annual P load (62% as dissolved reactive phosphorus, DRP) was related to high discharge events, it was not average but minimum water residence time during flood events that determined the wetland's P retention. In agreement with a continuous stirred tank reactor (CSTR) model, our investigations suggest a minimum water residence time of 7 d to retain at least 50% of the bioavailable P. The investigated wetland retained only 2% of the bioavailable P, since the water residence time was shorter than 7 d during 61% of time in both years. Settling of phytoplankton rather than DRP uptake into phytoplankton limited the retention of bioavailable P. The overall retention efficiency of 23% total phosphorus (TP), corresponding to a surface related retention of 1.1 g P m(-2) yr(-1), was due to the efficient trapping of pedogenic particles.     

基于互联网GIS(WebGIS)的环境灾害信息系统研究

建立基于WebGIS技术的互联网环境灾害监测信息系统，对我国环境保护和灾害预防具有重要的意义。分析了WebGIS的工作原理、技术支持标准、体系结构和数据库建库方法，详细介绍了该系统开发的关键技术和主要的程序编码。最后给出了互联网浙江省环境灾害监测信息系统的应用实例。     

Microbial Fe(III) Reduction in Acidic Mining Lake Sediments after Addition of an Organic Substrate and Lime

To elucidate the role of Fe(III) reduction in mining lake sediments amended with organic substrates, we performed a large (10 m diameter) enclosure experiment in which sediments were amended with Carbokalk, a waste product from sugar industry containing organic carbon and lime. Fe(III) reduction rates were determined monthly by measuring the accumulation of Fe(II) in the sediments in the field. Fe(III) reduction rates were also determined by incubating sediment samples with synthetic Fe(III) oxyhydroxide under in situ temperature in the laboratory. Sulfate reduction was selectively inhibited in the Fe(III) reduction experiments by addition of sodium molybdate. Sulfate reduction was measured by accumulation of reduced inorganic sulfides in the field and by ³⁵S radiotracer using a core injection technique. Sediment incubation and determination of sulfate reduction rates with radiotracer showed that sulfate reduction and direct microbial Fe(III) reduction occured simultaneously in the upper centimeters of the sediments and that both processes contributed to alkalinity generation. However, Fe(III) reduction was the initial process and rates were at least 3.5 fold higher than sulfate reduction rates. The results indicate that the presence of suitable anions for Fe(II) precipitation as carbonate or sulfide is needed in order to prevent loss of potential alkalinity by Fe(II) diffusion and reoxidation in the water column.     

黄土高原地区石油类非点源污染试验研究

石油类非点源污染基本特征为污染源分散、污染源作用周期长、暴雨时易于形成高含沙水流以及由此引发的高强度石油类污染。试验结果表明,随土壤石油污染强度的提高,径流量增大,产沙量降低,但水、固两相中的污染物径流污染强度均增大。试验条件下,径流过程释放于水相中的石油类浓度可高达4～7 mg/L。     

国外石油天然气开采行业清洁生产技术发展动态

对比和分析了各国或国际组织关于清洁生产含义的不同解释方法,阐述了石油天然气开采行业清洁生产的基本概念。在此基础上,按照物探、钻井、井下作业(包括试油、酸化及酸压、压裂、修井)、采油及采气生产几个工艺环节,对国际上石油天然气开采行业清洁生产最新技术进行了详细总结和分析。针对我国相关行业的清洁生产水平,提出了实用有效的技术发展对策和建议。     

SOLUTE TRANSPORT IN THREE‐DIMENSIONAL SATURATED POROUS MEDIA HAVING SELF‐SIMILAR HYDRAULIC CONDUCTIVITY DISTRIBUTION1

ABSTRACT: Customarily, it has been assumed that hydraulic conductivity is a stationary, homogeneous stochastic process with a finite variance for stochastic analysis of solute transport in the subsurface. That the distribution of hydraulic conductivity may have a fractal behavior with long range correlations was suggested from field data analyses. This motivates us to further investigate how the fractal behavior of permeability distribution impacts solute transport in porous media. This study provides longitudinal and transverse macrodispersivity coefficients and the variance of the solute concentration. Longitudinal and transverse macrodispersivity coefficients are found to depend strongly on the fractal dimension (D) of logarithmic hydraulic conductivity (logK). The longitudinal and transverse macrodispersivity coefficients are the highest when D = 1, and the values decrease monotonically to zero at D = 2. Both coefficients correspond to the characteristic length scale of the logK distribution, thus are scale dependent parameters. The ratio of the transverse to the longitudinal macrodispersivity coefficient is on the order of 10^‐1 to 10^‐4. Concentration variance also decreases with the fractal dimension of logK. There is no spatial spreading of solute for D = 2, and the concentration variance reaches zero for this case.