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81.
Jianguo Sun Yangjin Kim Christopher J. Schmitt 《Environmental and Ecological Statistics》2003,10(4):419-428
The National Contaminant Biomonitoring Program (NCBP) was initiated in 1967 as a component of the National Pesticide Monitoring program. It consists of periodic collection of freshwater fish and other samples and the analysis of the concentrations of persistent environmental contaminants in these samples. For the analysis, the common approach has been to apply the mixed two-way ANOVA model to combined data. A main disadvantage of this method is that it cannot give a detailed temporal trend of the concentrations since the data are grouped. In this paper, we present an alternative approach that performs a longitudinal analysis of the information using random effects models. In the new approach, no grouping is needed and the data are treated as samples from continuous stochastic processes, which seems more appropriate than ANOVA for the problem. 相似文献
82.
The caterpillars of the oleander hawk moth, Daphnis nerii (Linnaeus, 1758) (Lepidoptera: Sphingidae) feed primarily on oleander (Nerium oleander). This plant is rich in cardenolides, which specifically inhibit the Na+K+-ATPase. Since some insects feeding on cardenolide plants possess cardenolide-resistant Na+K+-ATPases, we tested whether D. nerii also possesses this strategy for circumventing cardenolide toxicity. To do so, we established a physiological assay, which allowed direct measurement of Na+K+-ATPase cardenolide sensitivity. Using Schistocerca gregaria, as a cardenolide-sensitive reference species, we showed that D. nerii Na+K+-ATPase was extremely sensitive to the cardenolide ouabain. Surprisingly, its sensitivity is even higher than that of the cardenolide-sensitive generalist, S. gregaria. The presence or absence of cardenolides in the diet of D. nerii did not influence the enzyme’s cardenolide sensitivity, indicating that target-site insensitivity is not inducible in this species. However, despite the sensitivity of their Na+K+-ATPase, caterpillars of D. nerii quickly recovered from an injection of an excessive amount of ouabain into their haemocoel. We conclude that D. nerii possesses adaptations, which enable it to feed on a cardenolide-rich diet other than that previously described in cardenolide specialized insects, and discuss other potential resistance mechanisms. 相似文献
83.
Sabine Bauer Volker Witte Melanie Böhm Susanne Foitzik 《Behavioral ecology and sociobiology》2009,64(1):45-56
Ant social parasites use chemical warfare to facilitate host colony takeover, which is a critical but recurring step in their
life cycle. Many slave-making ants use the secretion of the Dufour gland to manipulate host behaviour during parasitic nest
foundation and slave raids. Harpagoxenus sublaevis applies this chemical weapon onto defending Leptothorax host workers, which elicits deadly fights amongst them. Host species are expected to evolve counter-adaptations against this
behavioural manipulation and in this study we investigated the geographic structure of this co-evolving trait. We compared
the effectiveness of the parasitic gland secretion from different H. sublaevis populations in host colonies from various sites and analysed the occurrence of local adaptation. The two host species L. muscorum and L. acervorum generally showed different responses to the parasites’ chemical weapon: L. acervorum attacked nestmates treated with Dufour gland secretion, while L. muscorum workers fled. Flight, instead of intraspecific fights, is an adaptive host reaction as it results in fewer host fatalities
during raids. Beside interspecific host differences, we found a geographic mosaic of host resistance: parasites from a German
population strongly manipulated the behaviour of both sympatric Leptothorax populations. Russian or Italian hosts instead did not react with intracolonial aggression, but fled when confronted with
the gland secretion of their sympatric parasite. Not only variation in host resistance explains differences in the effectiveness
of the parasitic gland secretion but also interpopulational differences in its chemical composition, which were revealed by
gas chromatography and mass spectrometry. 相似文献
84.
As a result of the continuous change in the design and function of consumer electrical and electronic products, the mechanical and material properties of the obsolete products, called waste electric and electronic equipment (WEEE), are highly variable. The variability within WEEE is explained by the number of different appliances, and the heterogeneity in composition of any given appliance.This paper reports on an extended investigation of the properties of WEEE, in particular small appliances. The investigation focuses on the analysis of the composition of about 700 single appliances. Firstly, analytical methods to characterize the waste equipment are described. The results of the experimental analyses show that the mechanical properties, the material composition, the polymer composition and the chemical composition of WEEE vary not only between equipment types with different functions, but also between single appliances within one equipment type. Data on hazardous and valuable substances in selected equipment types are presented.Using detailed data on the composition of individual appliances to calculate rates of recovery for assumed recycling processes demonstrates that the performance of recycling processes depends strongly on the composition of WEEE. Recycling-oriented characterization is, therefore, a systematic approach to support the design and the operation of recycling processes. 相似文献
85.
Kamran Moradkhani Laurence Cuisset Pierre Boisseau Olivier Pichon Marine Lebrun Houda Hamdi-Rozé Marie-Laure Maurin Nicolas Gruchy Marie-Christine Manca-Pellissier Perrine Malzac Frédéric Bilan Marie-Pierre Audrezet Pascale Saugier-Veber Anne-Laure Fauret-Amsellem Chantal Missirian Paul Kuentz Gregory Egea Agnès Guichet Isabelle Creveaux Caroline Janel Ines Harzallah Renaud Touraine Carole Goumy Nicole Joyé Jacques Puechberty Emmanuelle Haquet Sandra Chantot-Bastaraud Sébastien Schmitt Philippe Gosset Bénédicte Duban-Bedu Bruno Delobel Philippe Vago François Vialard Denise Molina Gomes Jean-Pierre Siffroi Jean-Paul Bonnefont Jean-Michel Dupont Philippe Jonveaux Martine Doco-Fenzy Damien Sanlaville Cédric Le Caignec 《黑龙江环境通报》2019,39(11):986-992
86.
Pierfrancesco Biasetti Thomas B. Hildebrandt Frank Göritz Robert Hermes Susanne Holtze Jan Stejskal Cesare Galli Ilaria Pollastri Alessia Muzzo Isaac Lekolool David Ndereeh Patrick Omondi Linus Kariuki Domnic Mijele Samuel Mutisya Stephen Ngulu Barbara de Mori 《Conservation biology》2023,37(2):e14029
Achieving ethically responsible decisions is crucial for the success of biodiversity conservation projects. We adapted the ethical matrix, decision tree, and Bateson's cube to assist in the ethical analysis of complex conservation scenarios by structuring these tools so that they can implement the different value dimensions (environmental, social, and animal welfare) involved in conservation ethics. We then applied them to a case study relative to the decision-making process regarding whether or not to continue collecting biomaterial on the oldest of the two remaining northern white rhinoceroses (Ceratotherium simum cottoni), a functionally extinct subspecies of the white rhinoceros. We used the ethical matrix to gather ethical pros and cons and as a starting point for a participatory approach to ethical decision-making. We used decision trees to compare the different options at stake on the basis of a set of ethical desiderata. We used Bateson's cube to establish a threshold of ethical acceptability and model the results of a simple survey. The application of these tools proved to be pivotal in structuring the decision-making process and in helping reach a shared, reasoned, and transparent decision on the best option from an ethical point of view among those available. 相似文献
87.
88.
Mathilde Lefebvre Fabienne Dufernez Ange-Line Bruel Marie Gonzales Bernard Aral Judith Saint-Onge Nadège Gigot Julie Desir Caroline Daelemans Frédérique Jossic Sébastien Schmitt Raphaele Mangione Fanny Pelluard Catherine Vincent-Delorme Jean-Marc Labaune Nicole Bigi Dominique D'Olne Anne-Lise Delezoide Annick Toutain Sophie Blesson Valérie Cormier-Daire Julien Thevenon Salima El Chehadeh Alice Masurel-Paulet Nicole Joyé Claude Vibert-Guigue Luc Rigonnot Thierry Rousseau Pierre Vabres Philippe Hervé Antonin Lamazière Jean-Baptiste Rivière Laurence Faivre Nicole Laurent Christel Thauvin-Robinet 《黑龙江环境通报》2015,35(7):675-684
89.
90.