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111.
Elles M. J. Boon Hélène B. Schlecht Peter Martin Geoff Daniels Rolf H. A. M. Vossen Johan T. den Dunnen Bert Bakker Rob Elles 《黑龙江环境通报》2007,27(10):932-937
Objectives To validate the use of Real Time PCR, a widely used technique that can detect very low levels of Y chromosomal sequence, and to assess the use of a highly sensitive PCR technique, pyrophosphorolysis-activated polymerisation (PAP), for fetal sex determination using free fetal DNA (ffDNA). Methods The fetal sex was determined by Real Time PCR in 58 pregnancies using ffDNA isolated from maternal plasma. In parallel with the Real Time PCR experiments, the presence of Y chromosome sequence was also determined using PAP on 54 isolated ffDNA samples. Results Both techniques detected Y chromosome sequence at very low levels with 98% specificity and 100% sensitivity (Real Time n = 44, PAP n = 54). Furthermore, the PAP technique was shown to be more robust than the Real Time PCR as none of the samples tested failed to meet the acceptance criteria. Combining the two techniques for male fetal sex detection from maternal blood plasma increases the sensitivity and specificity to 100% in this series. Conclusions This study shows that both Real Time PCR and PAP can be used for Y chromosome detection on ffDNA. Furthermore, by using PAP in combination with Real Time PCR more reliable early prenatal sexing can be performed using ffDNA. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
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Agnès Guichet Stéphane Triau Catherine Lépinard Chantal Esculapavit Florence Biquard Philippe Descamps Férechté Encha-Razavi Dominique Bonneau 《黑龙江环境通报》2004,24(10):828-832
We report an interstitial deletion of chromosome 3q26-q28 in a fetus in which anophthalmia had been detected prenatally. FISH analysis, using BAC clones encompassing the SOX2 locus, showed that SOX2 gene was involved in the chromosomal breakpoint of the deletion. This case confirms that haploinsufficiency for SOX2 plays a crucial role in human eye development and emphasizes the necessity of careful chromosomal analysis, including FISH analysis of the 3q region, in case of prenatal discovery of anophthalmia. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
114.
In a population exhibiting partial migration (i.e. migration and residency tactics occur in the same population), the mechanisms
underlying the tactical choice are still unclear. Empirical studies have highlighted a variety of factors that could influence
the coexistence of resident and migratory individuals, with growth and body size considered to be key factors in the decision
to migrate. Most studies suffer from at least one of the two following caveats: (1) survival and capture probabilities are
not taken into account in the data analysis, and (2) body size is often used as a proxy for individual growth. We performed
a capture–mark–recapture experiment to study partial migration among juvenile brown trout Salmo trutta at the end of their first year, when a portion of the population emigrate from the natal stream while others choose residency
tactic. Bayesian multistate capture–recapture models accounting for survival and recaptures probabilities were used to investigate
the relative role of body size and individual growth on survival and migration probabilities. Our results show that, despite
an apparent effect of both size and growth on migration, growth is the better integrative parameter and acts directly on migration
probability whereas body size acts more strongly on survival. Consequently, we recommend caution if size is used as a proxy
for growth when studying the factors that drive partial migration in juvenile salmonid species. 相似文献
115.
Thomas Chertemps Nicolas Montagné Fran?oise Bozzolan Annick Maria Nicolas Durand Martine Ma?bèche-Coisne 《Die Naturwissenschaften》2012,99(7):537-543
Mast syndrome is a complicated form of human hereditary spastic paraplegias, caused by a mutation in the gene acid cluster protein 33, which encodes a protein designated as “maspardin.” Maspardin presents similarity to the α/β-hydrolase superfamily, but might lack enzymatic activity and rather be involved in protein–protein interactions. Association with the vesicles of the endosomal network also suggested that maspardin may be involved in the sorting and/or trafficking of molecules in the endosomal pathway, a crucial process for maintenance of neuron health. Despite a high conservation in living organisms, studies of maspardin in other animal species than mammals were lacking. In the cotton armyworm Spodoptera littoralis, an insect pest model, analysis of an expressed sequence tag collection from antenna, the olfactory organ, has allowed identifying a maspardin homolog (SlMasp). We have investigated SlMasp tissue distribution and temporal expression by PCR and in situ hybridization techniques. Noteworthy, we found that maspardin was highly expressed in antennae and associated with the structures specialized in odorant detection. We have, in addition, identified maspardin sequences in numerous “nonmammalian” species and described here their phylogenetic analysis in the context of metazoan diversity. We observed a strong conservation of maspardin in metazoans, with surprisingly two independent losses of this gene in two relatively distant ecdysozoan taxa that include major model organisms, i.e., dipterans and nematodes. 相似文献
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Liette Vasseur Lise Lafrance Colette Ansseau Dominique Renaud Daniel Morin Thérèse Audet 《Environmental management》1997,21(3):359-365
/ It has been suggested that the general public should be moreinvolved in environmental policy and decision making. It is important forthem to realize that they will have to live with the consequences ofenvironmental policies and decisions. Consequently, policy makers shouldconsider the concerns and opinions of the general public before makingdecisions on environmental issues. This raises questions such as: How can weintegrate the perceptions and reactions of the general population inenvironmental decisions? What kind of public participation should weconsider? In the present study, using a new regional ecosystem model, weattempted to integrate these aspects in its decision making model byincluding the formation of an advisory committee to resolve problems relatedto waste management. The advisory committee requested the activeparticipation of representatives from all levels of the community: economic,municipal, and governmental intervenors; environmental groups; and citizens.Their mandates were to examine different management strategies available inthe region, considering all the interdisciplinary aspects of each strategy,elaborate recommendations concerning the management strategies that are mostsuitable for all, and collaborate in communication of the information to thegeneral population. The results showed that at least in small municipalitiessuch an advisory committee can be a powerful tool in environmental decisionmaking. Conditions required for a successful consultation process, such aseveryday lay language and the presence of a facilitator other than ascientific expert, are discussed.KEY WORDS: Public consultation; Environmental policies;Interdisciplinary aspects; Municipal sewage sludge management; Generalpopulation; Decision-making process 相似文献
119.
E. Pipiras C. Dupont S. Chantot-Bastaraud J. P. Siffroi M. Bucourt A. Batallan C. Largillière M. Uzan J. P. Wolf B. Benzacken 《黑龙江环境通报》2004,24(2):101-103
True structural chromosomal mosaicism are rare events in prenatal cytogenetics practice and may lead to diagnostic and prognostic problems. Here is described the case of a fetus carrying an abnormal chromosome 15 made of a whole chromosome 2p translocated on its short arm in 10% of the cells, in association with a normal cell line. The fetal karyotype was 46,XX,add(15)(p10).ish t(2;15)(p10;q10)(WCP2+)[3]/46,XX[27]. Pregnancy was terminated and fetus examination revealed a growth retardation associated with a dysmorphism including dolichocephaly, hypertelorism, high forehead, low-set ears with prominent anthelix and a small nose, which were characteristic of partial trisomy 2p. Possible aetiologies for prenatal mosaicism involving a chromosomal structural abnormality are discussed. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
120.
The effect of urban pollution on the enzymatic activities of two copepod species, Acartia clausi and Centropages typicus, was studied in the Marseille area (main sewage output of Cortiou) from May 1980 through June 1981. By means of electrophoresis on polyacrylamide gel, we studied activities of esterases, leucine aminopeptidase (LAP), malate dehydrogenase (MDH) and malic enzyme (ME). The results are based on 124 analyses of A. clausi and 127 of C. typicus. The zymograms revealed important changes in enzyme activities connected with pollution which were either qualitative or quantitative in nature; the most distinct and frequent changes were displayed by the esterases, whose general activity considerably decreased at the most polluted stations; also, the relative activity of the different esterase fractions changed, and certain fractions did not appear at all. Leucine aminopeptidase zymograms displayed little change; those of MDH and ME often exhibited an additional fraction in the polluted area. The results clearly show the impact of urban pollution at the enzymatic level. The changes appear to be a physiological response of the organisms to environmental conditions, and demonstrate the profound effects that an ecological perturbation can have on the physiology of organisms. 相似文献