成核方式对诱导结晶工艺处理含铜废水的影响

研究了诱导结晶过程中成核方式对诱导结晶工艺处理含铜废水的影响.在2组严格控制的实验条件下,分别考察均相成核和非均相成核下诱导结晶工艺运行效果,并利用扫描电镜（SEM）、X射线能谱分析（EDS）等手段考察了2种成核方式下回收的结晶产物的生长状态以及纯度.结果表明,当废水中铜的浓度为50 mg.L-1时,均相成核条件下,结...     

闽南地区酸性雾水特征初探

1993年3～4月,在闽南地区进行了一次综合性酸雨集中观测,探讨其雾水特征如下:闽南地区雾水已严重酸化,其最低pH值达到2.91,是该地区酸性湿沉降的重要组成部分;雾水中有机酸根的贡献占总阴离子量9%;雾水含较多四价硫,并与甲醛反应形成络合物;雾水受到周围海洋的影响,Cl-有严重的亏损      

日本关东南部冬季飘尘中有机碳和元素碳污染现状研究

气溶胶中常含有一定的碳化合物,其中最主要的为有机碳(OC)和元素碳(EC),它们主要来源于化石燃料燃烧等人为活动,并强烈地影响着气溶胶的污染性质。日本关东平原南部初冬季节常发生高浓度飘尘污染,在对这种污染现象的研究中分析了OC和EC在飘尘中的含量,结果表明OC和EC是飘尘中重要的组成部分,二者之和可占质量浓度的20%左右,这也从一个侧面揭示了飘尘的污染状况和污染来源。      

全国排污申报登记系统的研究与开发

简要介绍全国排污申报登记系统的指标体系设计,信息分类偏码,重点污染源筛选和系统结构设计、功能,程序设计等主要技术方法,并结合系统开发经验阐述了全国排污申报统一软件的研究成果及其功能特点。     

天津市环保产业信息管理系统研究

通过对环保产业信息获取,处理,应用等环节的研究,完成了对天津市自１９９３年来的首次环保产业调查,开发了配套的管理软件系统,同时对该系统的知识发现,网络化等问题进行了探讨。     

Microbial dechlorination of polychlorinated biphenyls in anaerobic sewage sludge.

The potential of a chlorophenol (CP)-adapted consortium to dechlorinate polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) in sewage sludge was investigated. Results show that dechlorination rates differed significantly depending on sludge source and PCB congener. Higher total solid concentrations in sewage sludge and higher concentrations of chlorine in PCB resulted in slower dechlorination rates. No significant difference was found for 2,3,4,5-CB dechlorination from pH 6.0 to pH 8.0; however, dechlorination did not occur at pH 9.0 during a 41-day incubation period. Results show that at concentrations of 1 to 10 mg/L, the higher the PCB concentration, the faster the dechlorination rate. In addition, dechlorination rates were in the following order: methanogenic conditions > sulfate-reducing conditions > denitrifying conditions. The addition of acetate, lactate, pyruvate, and ferric chloride decreased lag times and enhanced dechlorination; however, the addition of manganese dioxide had an inhibitory effect. Dechlorination rates were also enhanced by the addition of PCB congeners, including 2,3,4-CB, 2,3,4,5-CB and 2,3,4,5,6-CB in mixture. Overall results show that the CP-adapted consortium has the potential to enhance PCB dechlorination. The optimal dechlorination conditions presented in this paper may be used as a reference for feasibility studies of PCB removal from sludge.     

Case study on nitrogen and phosphorus emissions from paddy field in Taihu region

The agricultural non-point source pollution by nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) loss from typical paddy soil (whitish soil, Bai Tu in Chinese) in the Taihu Lake region was investigated through a case study. Results shown that the net load of nutrients from white soil is 34.1 kg ha(-1) for total nitrogen (TN), distributed as 19.4 kg ha(-1), in the rice season and 14.7 kg ha(-1) in the wheat season, and for total phosphorus (TP) 1.75 kg ha(-1), distributed as 1.16 kg ha(-1) in the rice season and 0.58 kg ha(-1) in the wheat season. The major chemical species of N loss is different in the two seasons. NH4-N is main the form in the rice season (53% of TN). NO3-N is the main form in wheat season (46% of TN). Particle-P is the main form in both seasons, (about 56% of TP). The nutrient loss varied with time of the year. The main loss of nutrients happened in the 10 days after planting, 64% of TN and 42% of TP loss, respectively. Rainfall and fertilizer application are the key factors which influence nitrogen and phosphorus loss from arable land, especially rainfall events shortly after fertilizer application. So it is very important to improve the field management of the nutrients and water during the early days of planting.     

Sorption of Perfluorooctane sulfonate（PFOS） including its isomers on hydrargillite as a function of pH,humic substances and Na2SO4

Perfluorooctane sulfonate（PFOS） is a persistent organic pollutant（POP） and emergent contaminant that are widespread in the environment. Understanding the mechanisms controlling the distribution of PFOS and its isomers between hydrargillite and the water phase is important in order to study their redistribution and mobility in the environment. This study investigated the effects of pH, humic acid, fulvic acid and Na₂SO₄ on sorption of PFOS isomers to hydrargillite. A mixture...     

Diving behaviour of female northern rockhopper penguins, Eudyptes chrysocome moseleyi, during the brooding period at Amsterdam Island (Southern Indian Ocean)

The pattern and characteristics of diving in 14 female northern rockhopper penguins, Eudyptes chrysocome moseleyi, were studied at Amsterdam Island (37°50′S; 77°31′E) during the guard stage, using electronic time–depth recorders. Twenty-nine foraging trips (27 daily foraging trips and two longer trips including one night) with a total of 16 572 dives of ≥3 m were recorded. Females typically left the colony at dawn and returned in the late afternoon, spending an average of 12 h at sea, during which they performed ∼550 dives. They were essentially inshore foragers (mean estimated foraging range 6 km), and mainly preyed upon the pelagic euphausiid Thysanoessa gregaria, fishes and squid being only minor components of the diet. Mean dive depth, dive duration, and post-dive intervals were 18.4 m (max. depth 109 m), 57 s (max. dive duration 168 s), and 21 s (37% of dive duration), respectively. Descent and ascent rates averaged 1.2 and 1.0 ms⁻¹ and were, together with dive duration, significantly correlated with dive depth. Birds spent 18% of their total diving time in dives reaching 15 to 20 m, and the mean maximum diving efficiency (bottom time:dive cycle duration) occurred for dives reaching 15 to 35 m. The most remarkable feature of diving behaviour in northern rockhopper penguins was the high percentage of time spent diving during daily foraging trips (on average, 69% of their time at sea); this was mainly due to a high dive frequency (∼44 dives per hour), which explained the high total vertical distance travelled during one trip (18 km on average). Diving activity at night was greatly reduced, suggesting that, as other penguins, E. chrysocome moseleyi are essentially diurnal, and locate prey using visual cues. Received: 9 December 1998 / Accepted: 3 March 1999