气提-厌氧-接触氧化-气浮工艺处理聚酯废水

介绍了气提-厌氧-接触氧化-气浮处理工艺在聚酯废水工程中的实际应用,分析并总结了工程设计及运行的经验。实践表明,运用气提塔先对高浓度聚酯废水进行预处理,可以去除废水中对生化有毒性的醛类物质,保证后续生化处理的稳定运行。经气提-厌氧-接触氧化-气浮处理工艺处理后,废水中COD总的去除效率可达到98．7％以上,能够实现稳定达标排放。并可实现部分回用至生产过程。该工艺具有运行稳定和处理效率高等优点,为企业带来了良好的经济效益和社会效益。     

宁夏银北平原地下水中砷的分布特征及其富集因素

通过对宁夏银北平原地下水中砷的分布特征、来源及富集因素进行研究,结果表明:银北平原地下水砷异常地段的分布具有明显的地带性,从山前洪积倾斜平原前缘向冲湖积平原中心,地下水中砷含量递增,高砷地下水沿黄河河道自南向东北局部呈点状分布,总体上呈条带状展布,且东北部砷含量普遍高于西南部,主要富集在0～40 m深度的含水层中;引黄灌溉的黄河水与贺兰山区的煤系地层是平原内地下水中砷的主要来源;特殊的古地理环境特征、地下水径流条件、氧化还原环境及干旱半干旱的气候条件是地下水中砷富集的重要因素。     

太湖流域分散农村居民对生活垃圾的产生和处理认知分析

本文通过问卷调查的方式考察了太湖流域分散农村居民对政府免费实施"村收集、乡转运、县处理"的收集清运垃圾模式和未来生活垃圾处置收费的认可度,获得了太湖地区分散农村居民对生活垃圾处置现状的认知度,结果表明:农村居民对生活垃圾收费制度的认可程度低,对有害垃圾的处置缺乏必要的认识;被调查者受教育程度与垃圾分类(P0.01)、危险废物分离(P0.01)和垃圾危害的认知程度(P0.05)呈显著正相关关系;垃圾付费选项中,被调查者不愿意支付费用的占53.2%,仅有26.2%的被调查者愿意支出1~3元/月;对现有的政府免费收集清运垃圾模式认可程度高达94%以上。该研究结果对促进太湖流域农村生活垃圾的资源化与减量化管理具有重要的战略意义。     

Phragmites australis and Typha orientalis in removal of pollutant in Taihu Lake, China

Two plant populations of Phragmites australis and Typha orientalis grown in gravel and sediment substrate were studied to assess their capabilities for purifying polluted water in Taihu Lake, China. The substrate displayed most significant effects on the suspended matter (P < 0.01), with the reduction of 76%-87% and 52%-63% for P. australis, and 83%-86% and 45%-62% for T. orientalis in gravel substrate and sediment substrate, respectively. Both species and substrates significantly decreased the N and P conc...     

Ecotoxicological effects of mixed pollutants resulted from e-wastes recycling and bioaccumulation of polybrominated diphenyl ethers in Chinese loach (Misgurnus anguillicaudatus)

To understand potential ecotoxicological effects of electrical and electronic equipment waste (e-waste) recycling and polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) bioaccumulation in loaches, a semi-field experiment using Chinese loach (Misgurnus anguillicaudatus) as experimental fish was performed. Larval loaches were kept into net-cage for three months in an e-wastes recycling site and a reference site in Southeastern China. There was significant difference of the survival rate between the loaches from the e-wastes recycling site (27%, 19/70) and from reference site (70%, 49/70). Histopathological responses were also found in all the livers examined in loaches from the e-wastes recycling site. These results showed that mixed pollutants resulted from e-wastes recycling led to ecotoxicological effects on loaches. The bioaccumulation of polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs), the main pollutants in e-waste, in loaches was also studied in this e-wastes recycling site, the mean concentrations of total PBDEs in sediment was 6726.17 ng/g wet weight and in water samples was 4.08 ng/L (dissolved phase). BDE209 was the dominant congener in sediment and with relatively high concentration in water. Relatively low concentration of BDE209 (less than 0.01% of total PBDEs) and high concentration of BDE47 (up to 39.34% of total PBDEs) were detected in loaches.     

Pollutants removal and simulation model of combined membrane process for wastewater treatment and reuse in submarine cabin for long voyage

A laboratory scale test was conducted in a combined membrane process (CMP) with a capacity of 2.91 m3/d for 240 d to treat the mixed wastewater of humidity condensate, hygiene wastewater and urine in submarine cabin during prolonged voyage. Removal performance of chemical oxygen demand (COD), ammonia nitrogen (NH4 +-N), turbidity and anionic surfactants (LAS) was investigated under di erent conditions. It was observed that the e uent COD, NH4 +-N, turbidity and LAS flocculated in ranges of 0.19–0.85 mg/L, 0.03–0.18 mg/L, 0.0–0.15 NTU and 0.0–0.05 mg/L, respectively in spite of considerable fluctuation in corresponding influent of 2120–5350 mg/L, 79.5–129.3 mg/L, 110–181.1NTU and 4.9–5.4 mg/L. The e uent quality of the CMP could meet the requirements of mechanical water and hygiene water according to the class I water quality standards in China (GB3838-2002). The removal rates of COD, NH4 +-N, turbidity and LAS removed in the MBR were more than 90%, which indicated that biodegradation is indispensable and plays a major role in the wastewater treatment and reuse. A model, built on the back propagation neural network (BPNN) theory, was developed for the simulation of CMP and produced high reliability. The average error of COD and NH4 +-N was 5.14% and 6.20%, respectively, and the root mean squared error of turbidity and LAS was 2.76% and 1.41%, respectively. The results indicated that the model well fitted the laboratory data, and was able to simulate the removal of COD, NH4 +-N, turbidity and LAS. It also suggested that the model proposed could reflect and manage the operation of CMP for the treatment of the mixed wastewaters in submarine.     

建设项目竣工环境保护验收监测报告编写的几点体会

根据多年工作经验,提出了验收报告中常见的监测数据缺乏逻辑性,数据的合理性经不起推敲等问题。认为验收报告编写应注重基础资料的真实性和污染治理效果的真实性。     

两种生物沥滤-电动修复联合技术的比较

比较研究了生物沥滤和电动修复不同的结合方式对污泥中重金属处理效果的影响.在先进行生物沥滤4d之后用电动修复技术对污泥进行处理,试验结束之后污泥中的Cu含量为60.5mg·kg-1,Zn含量为170mg·kg-1;而采用同步生物沥滤和电动修复试验时,处理结束后污泥中Cu含量为122.8mg·kg-1,Zn含量为110mg·kg-1.利用2种修复技术处理污泥,污泥中重金属含量均达到我国污泥土地农田利用的标准,但先生物沥滤后电动修复可以减少能耗.     

V2O5/CeO2催化剂用于低温NH3-SCR的性能研究

采用浸渍法制备了系列V2O5/CeO2催化剂,用于低温NH3选择性催化还原(NH3-SCR)NO.同时,考察了催化剂中V2O5负载量和煅烧温度对催化活性的影响,并运用SEM,BET和XRD物理化学技术对催化剂进行了表征.结果表明,V2O5/CeO2催化剂对模拟烟气中的NO转化呈现出较高的活性,但是V2O5负载量和催化剂的催化活性并不呈线性递增的关系.当V2O5负载量超过10%时,催化剂的催化活性开始下降.随着煅烧温度的升高,由于钒酸铈的生成,催化剂的催化活性下降.400℃为最佳煅烧温度.     

α-HCH在太湖地区环境中的长期迁移与残留的动态模拟

根据太湖地区1/4°×1/6°经纬度网格的地表特征及α-HCH施用量,建立了一个基于同精度网格系统, 包含迁移和传输2个模块的质量平衡模型. 迁移模块使用逸度方法描述α-HCH在每一个网格的多介质环境中的迁移过程,传输模块使用拉格朗日方法描述α-HCH在不同网格间的大气平流和水体径流. 模型模拟了α-HCH在研究区域开始施用至今(1952~2007年) α-HCH在5类4层土壤、气、水和底泥23个环境相中的积累、迁移和残留情况. 模拟值与实测α-HCH浓度对比验证表明两者吻合得很好. 环境温度是影响α-HCH在各环境介质中浓度的最重要因素. 模拟结果表明,在α-HCH使用时期,在土壤中的年积累趋势约为年使用量趋势的5.7%; 在停止使用后,其减少趋势为积累趋势的50%. 在α-HCH使用期间,太湖流域α-HCH的年使用量与其水-气界面沉积通量存在显著的相关性,而与土-气界面通量则无显著相关性. α-HCH停止使用后,太湖流域水-气界面通量表现为向大气的挥发,且自1985年其年挥发通量大于土-气挥发通量. 底泥是α-HCH水-气界面挥发的主要补给源. 2007年太湖流域内α-HCH大气浓度普遍高于流域外大气浓度. 整个模拟时段α-HCH的主要输出途径是流出太湖地区,且以大气平流为主;其次的减少途径是在环境介质中的降解,其中土壤降解量占绝大部分. 2007年环境中残留的α-HCH为总使用量的0.005%,以土壤残留量为主,其次是底泥.