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41.
Gia Thanh Nguyen Jian Pu Takayuki Miura Hiroaki Ito Shinobu Kazama Yoshimitsu Konta An Van Le Toru Watanabe 《Food and environmental virology》2018,10(1):61-71
This study investigated the level of norovirus contamination in oysters collected at a lagoon receiving urban drainage from Hue City for 17 months (August 2015–December 2016). We also investigated the genetic diversity of norovirus GI and GII in oyster and wastewater samples by using pyrosequencing to evaluate the effect of urban drainage on norovirus contamination of oysters. A total of 34 oyster samples were collected at two sampling sites (stations A and B) in a lagoon. Norovirus GI was more frequently detected than GII (positive rate 79 vs. 41%). Maximum concentrations of GI and GII were 2.4 × 105 and 2.3 × 104 copies/g, respectively. Co-contamination with GI and GII was observed in 35% of samples. Norovirus GII concentration was higher at station A in the flood season than in the dry season (P = 0.04, Wilcoxon signed-rank test). Six genotypes (GI.2, GI.3, GI.5, GII.2, GII.3, and GII.4) were identified in both wastewater and oyster samples, and genetically similar or identical sequences were obtained from the two types of samples. These observations suggest that urban drainage and seasonal flooding contribute to norovirus contamination of oysters in the study area. 相似文献
42.
Masako Omori Tomoyuki Watanabe Jo Takai Hiroki Takada 《International journal of occupational safety and ergonomics》2013,19(4):453-462
We report the results of 3 surveys of visual display terminal (VDT) users who took a minibreak during which they viewed a stereoscopic image of a repeating parallel pattern showing planets. The single image stereogram method employed is called Stretch EyeTM, and we evaluated the effects of Stretch EyeTM on asthenopia. An accommodative relaxation of about 1 D was observed in participants while they were gazing at the image. The employees of 2 information technology companies were evaluated according to a visual analogue scale (VAS) for subjective symptoms of asthenopia and eyesight. The results showed that Stretch EyeTM was effective in easing visual fatigue due to VDT work and it improved eyesight under working conditions. 相似文献
43.
Yasuo Takao 《Local Environment》2013,18(1):53-70
From a state-centric view, sub-national level of participation at the international level can be only feasible if it is an active part of national policy. In the case of Shiga prefectural government's initiative for international lake-environmental cooperation, however, sub-national actors came to see themselves as direct players in the absence of national policy. This study examines under what conditions and in what ways such sub-national level of participation takes place by conducting a case study of Shiga's collaboration with the United Nations Environmental Programme (UNEP) over lake-environment risk reduction. The article finds that the process of Shiga's participation in transnational governance will have less chance of being duplicated effectively in other Japanese sub-national governments. Shiga's cooperation with the UNEP was primarily driven by the ad hoc bottom-up political mobilisation of the sub-national actors. In general, without institutionalised channels for sub-national governments to participate in the regional/international level, sub-national governments need to mobilise resources on such an ad hoc basis and only pioneering sub-national actors are capable of effectively engaged on unfamiliar territory with the formation process of transnational governance. 相似文献
44.
The purpose of this paper is to clarify the questions concerning stimulation of the innovation and the diffusion of energy saving or low-carbon.To do so,this paper explains using two cases of Japan-energy saving innovation after the Oil Shock and the eco points system.For the case after the oil shock,we explain the energy saving trend after the Oil Shock and the factors statistically.Then we put forward the business model for the low-carbon economy.Furthermore,we analyze the case of the eco points system from 2009-2011 in Japan and explain the significance of the business model for diffusion of the low-carbon products. 相似文献
45.
Rohana Chandrajith Shanika Nanayakkara Kozuyoshi Itai T. N. C. Aturaliya C. B. Dissanayake Thilak Abeysekera Kouji Harada Takao Watanabe Akio Koizumi 《Environmental geochemistry and health》2011,33(3):267-278
The increase in the number of chronic kidney disease (CKD) patients from the north central region of Sri Lanka has become
a environmental health issue of national concern. Unlike in other countries where long-standing diabetes and hypertension
are the leading causes of renal diseases, the majority of CKD patients from this part of Sri Lanka do not show any identifiable
cause. As the disease is restricted to a remarkably specific geographical terrain, particularly in the north central dry zone
of the country, multidisciplinary in-depth research studies are required to identify possible etiologies and risk factors.
During this study, population screening in the prevalent region and outside the region, analysis of geoenvironmental and biochemical
samples were carried out. Population screening that was carried out using a multistage sampling technique indicated that the
point prevalence of CKD with uncertain etiology is about 2–3% among those above 18 years of age. Drinking water collected
from high-prevalent and non-endemic regions was analyzed for their trace and ultratrace element contents, including the nephrotoxic
heavy metals Cd and U using ICP-MS. The results indicate that the affected regions contain moderate to high levels of fluoride.
The Cd contents in drinking water, rice from affected regions and urine from symptomatic and non-symptomatic patients were
much lower indicating that Cd is not a contributing factor for CKD with uncertain etiology in Sri Lanka. Although no single
geochemical parameter could be clearly and directly related to the CKD etiology on the basis of the elements determined during
this study, it is very likely that the unique hydrogeochemistry of the drinking water is closely associated with the incidence
of the disease. 相似文献
46.
James E. Bollinger Laura J. Steinberg Andrew J. Englande James P. Crews Janet M. Hughes Cruz Velasco Karen H. Watanabe William R. Hartley Christopher M. Swalm Jeffrey M. Mendler LuAnn E. White William J. George 《Journal of the American Water Resources Association》2000,36(6):1375-1390
ABSTRACT: Nutrient data from all available sources for the lower Mississippi River were examined for potential differences among sampling agencies and geographic locations for the period between 1960 and 1998. Monthly means grouped by parameter, sampling location and agency, were calculated and compared as paired sets, excluding those months where data were not available for both sets. Some significant differences were found between various agencies collecting nutrient data on the river, as well as between various stretches of river, especially in the case of phosphorus nutrient data. Results were used to synthesize data sets from which a history of nutrient loading in the Mississippi River was determined. General trends in nitrate+nitrite, total Kjeldahl nitrogen, orthophosphate, total phosphorus and silica loads, as well as changes in nutrient proportions and the specific limiting nutrient (by month) are reported. This study provides a useful summary of contemporary and historical nutrient data that may assist in the evaluation of Mississippi River water quality and its potential effect on the Gulf of Mexico. 相似文献
47.
Eiki Watanabe Shiro Miyake 《Journal of environmental science and health. Part. B》2013,48(11):707-712
ABSTRACTEasy-to-use commercial kit-based enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISAs) have been used to detect neonicotinoid dinotefuran, clothianidin and imidacloprid in Chinese chives, which are considered a troublesome matrix for chromatographic techniques. Based on their high water solubility, water was used as an extractant. Matrix interference could be avoided substantially just diluting sample extracts. Average recoveries of insecticides from spiked samples were 85–113%, with relative standard deviation of <15%. The concentrations of insecticides detected from the spiked samples with the proposed ELISA methods correlated well with those by the reference high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) method. The residues analyzed by the ELISA methods were consistently 1.24 times that found by the HPLC method, attributable to loss of analyte during sample clean-up for HPLC analyses. It was revealed that the ELISA methods can be applied easily to pesticide residue analysis in troublesome matrix such as Chinese chives. 相似文献
48.
T.?OkumuraEmail author H.?Nikaido K.?Yoshida M.?Kotaniguchi Y.?Tsuno Y.?Seto T.?Watanabe 《Marine Biology》2005,148(2):347-361
Most pandalid shrimps show protandric hermaphroditism, and male sexual differentiation is considered to be controlled by the androgenic gland. In the present study, we examined the histology of gonadal development during the male phase and sex change and the involvement of the androgenic gland in regulating male reproduction in laboratory-maintained Pandalus hypsinotus. Juvenile shrimps developed testicular tissues in the peripheral part of gonads during the age of 16–31 months and produced spermatozoa between 34 and 36 months. After reaching sexual maturity, male shrimps exhibited seasonal testicular development: active production of spermatozoa (February–May), disappearance of spermatozoa (spent, April–June), increase of spermatocytes (May–November), appearance of spermatids and spermatozoa in the gonads (November–February). The androgenic gland cells became larger and the rough endoplasmic reticulum in the cytoplasm developed at male sexual maturity. The cell structure shows that the androgenic gland hormone is a peptide. Furthermore, bilateral eyestalk ablation on immature male shrimps induced hypertrophy of the androgenic gland and acceleration of male sexual maturation. These results indicate the involvement of androgenic gland hormone and some eyestalk factor in regulating male sexual maturation. Over a 1-year laboratory-rearing period, some male shrimps (16.7%) changed sex. In transitional shrimps, testicular tissues in the gonads and androgenic glands degenerated; on the other hand, oocytes started yolk protein accumulation and hemolymph vitellogenin levels became high. These results suggest that androgenic gland degeneration is a trigger for sex change and that the vitellogenin level is a useful marker for sex change. 相似文献
49.
H. Kamiya M. Jimbo H. Yako K. Muramoto O. Nakamura R. Kado T. Watanabe 《Marine Biology》2002,140(6):1235-1240
BRA-2, a major C-type lectin in the hemolymph of the acorn barnacle Megabalanus rosa was detected in shell-associated proteins. Immobilized BRA-2 promoted CaCO3 crystallization as determined by an in vitro pH-drift mineralization assay. In nature, calcification occurs as wound repair in M. rosa after breakage of the shell plate. To observe this phenomenon, we inserted a rubber cube inside the mantle cavity of M. rosa through the basal plate, and kept the organisms in a tank for several weeks. The rubber cube was covered first with brownish-colored material, probably a melanin, and then with CaCO3 5 weeks after the insertion. In the CaCO3-associated proteins, BRA-3, a minor component of M. rosa hemolymph lectins, was present in addition to BRA-2. The presence of both the lectins and their ligands on the hemocyte was also observed. These results suggest that the C-type lectins of the M. rosa hemolymph participate in mineralization as well as defense in these organisms. 相似文献
50.
Watanabe S Laovakul W Boonyathumanondh R Tabucanon MS Ohgaki S 《Environmental pollution (Barking, Essex : 1987)》1996,91(3):289-297
Accumulation of Zn, Cu, Pb and Cd was studied in snails fed for 120 days on diets contaminated with each metal separately and with all metals mixed together. The concentrations of Zn in food were in the range 39 to 12 200 mg kg(-1), Cu 9-1640 mg kg(-1), Pb 0.4-12 700 mg kg(-1), and Cd 0.16-146 mg kg(-1) on a dry weight basis. At the highest concentrations of all metals the consumption rates decreased significantly. For the remaining concentrations, Zn and Cu were accumulated in soft tissue in proportion to their concentrations in food. The lowest treatments of Pb and Cd did not cause any increase in soft tissue concentrations of these metals but at average treatments, a clear increase was observed. Copper was accumulated especially efficiently, exceeding concentrations in food throughout the whole range of treatments. Except for the lower end of experimental treatments, Zn was accumulated approximately in direct proportion to its concentration in the diet. Lead was the most efficiently regulated metal, with soft tissue concentrations always substantially lower than in food. Approximately 60% of Zn, 90% of Cu, 43% of Pb and 68% of Cd on average was assimilated from food. The assimilation efficiency of food alone was ca 74%. The concentrations of metals in shells increased significantly with exposure, but (with one exception) the concentrations in shells did not exceed 5% of those found in soft tissue. We argue that snails are more important as agents of food-chain transport of Cu and Cd, than of Zn or Pb. Our results indicate also that snails are not able to deposit significant quantities of metals in their shells, at least during the time scale of our laboratory experiment. 相似文献