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131.
William A. Jury Gideon Sinai Lewis H. Stolzy 《Journal of the American Water Resources Association》1979,15(5):1444-1458
ABSTRACT: Electric generation facility water requirement will increase substantially in the future in the Western United States because new power plants are to be constructed at inland sites rather than on the coast. At the inland locations, power plants will have to compete with agriculture and public users for fresh water supplies, and will be constrained by environmental legislation to dispose of cooling waste water in lined evaporation ponds. The various options for power plant cooling are analyzed in respect to cost, water consumption, and environmental hazard, and also in respect to their compatibility with existing state and federal regulations. Several proposals for balancing the water requirements of various users in water-scarce areas are reviewed and criticized. 相似文献
132.
Repulsion of green sunfish by certain chemicals 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
133.
M. L. Mallory A. J. Gaston M. R. Forbes H. G. Gilchrist B. Cheney S. Lewis P. M. Thompson 《Marine Biology》2008,154(6):1031-1040
Variation in the timing and abundance of marine food resources is known to affect the breeding behaviour of many seabirds,
constraining our understanding of the extent to which these behaviours vary in different parts of a species’ range. We studied
incubation shifts of northern fulmars (Fulmarus glacialis) breeding at two colonies in Arctic Canada (High Arctic oceanographic zone) and one colony in the UK (Boreal oceanographic
zone) between 2001 and 2005. Fulmars in Arctic Canada had longer incubation shifts than previously reported at more southern
colonies, presumably because marine productivity is lower early in the breeding season in the Arctic. Shift durations were
particularly long at one colony in years with abnormally late, extensive sea-ice cover, although at the other Arctic colony,
where sea-ice cover is predictably late every year, the duration of shifts was shorter than expected. At the Boreal colony,
incubation shifts were much longer than expected, similar to Arctic colonies, and likely attributable to poor marine food
supplies in the North Sea in recent years. Collectively, our data suggest that fulmars can adjust their incubation rhythm
to compensate for poor marine feeding conditions, although this may incur a cost to body condition or reproductive success. 相似文献
134.
Dargie Greta C. Lawson Ian T. Rayden Tim J. Miles Lera Mitchard Edward T. A. Page Susan E. Bocko Yannick E. Ifo Suspense A. Lewis Simon L. 《Mitigation and Adaptation Strategies for Global Change》2019,24(4):669-686
Mitigation and Adaptation Strategies for Global Change - The recent publication of the first spatially explicit map of peatlands in the Cuvette Centrale, central Congo Basin, reveals it to be the... 相似文献
135.
Burwell RW Beasley JS Gaston LA Borst SM Sheffield RE Strahan RE Munshaw GC 《Journal of environmental quality》2011,40(4):1241-1248
Nutrient and sediment runoff from newly constructed levee embankments pose a threat to water quality during soft armor vegetation establishment. Research was initiated in 2008 and 2009 to evaluate the effect of bermudagrass ( L.) coverage and N source on nutrient and sediment runoff from levee embankments during establishment. Bermudagrass plots were seeded at 195.3 kg pure live seed ha and fertilized at 50 kg N ha using a water-soluble N source, urea or NH-NO, or slow-release N source, S-coated urea (SCU) or urea formaldehyde (UF), with controls unfertilized. Vegetative cover percentage, time until the onset of runoff, runoff volume, and total solids (TS), NO-N, and NH-N concentrations were measured from simulated and natural rainfall events for 70 d in 2008 and 56 d in 2009. Bermudagrass at 90% grass cover delayed the onset of runoff an additional 441 to 538 s and reduced runoff volumes 74 to 84% of that exhibited at 10% grass cover. Nitrogen fertilizers did not accelerate bermudagrass growth sufficiently, however, to reduce TS loading compared with unfertilized bermudagrass in either year of the study. The application of urea and SCU resulted in cumulative N losses of 2.45 and 3.13 kg ha compared with 1.59 kg ha from the unfertilized bermudagrass in 2008, and 1.73 kg ha from NH-NO vs. 0.24 kg ha from controls in 2009. Only UF increased bermudagrass establishment without increasing cumulative N losses compared with unfertilized bermudagrass. Therefore, the benefit of greater erosion and runoff resistance expected from N-accelerated vegetative growth did not occur but had the unintended consequence of higher N losses when water-soluble N and SCU fertilizers were applied. 相似文献
136.
Mapping socio-economic scenarios of land cover change: a GIS method to enable ecosystem service modelling 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
Swetnam RD Fisher B Mbilinyi BP Munishi PK Willcock S Ricketts T Mwakalila S Balmford A Burgess ND Marshall AR Lewis SL 《Journal of environmental management》2011,92(3):563-574
We present a GIS method to interpret qualitatively expressed socio-economic scenarios in quantitative map-based terms. (i) We built scenarios using local stakeholders and experts to define how major land cover classes may change under different sets of drivers; (ii) we formalized these as spatially explicit rules, for example agriculture can only occur on certain soil types; (iii) we created a future land cover map which can then be used to model ecosystem services. We illustrate this for carbon storage in the Eastern Arc Mountains of Tanzania using two scenarios: the first based on sustainable development, the second based on 'business as usual' with continued forest-woodland degradation and poor protection of existing forest reserves. Between 2000 and 2025 4% of carbon stocks were lost under the first scenario compared to a loss of 41% of carbon stocks under the second scenario. Quantifying the impacts of differing future scenarios using the method we document here will be important if payments for ecosystem services are to be used to change policy in order to maintain critical ecosystem services. 相似文献
137.
138.
Data from a probability sample were used to estimate wetland and stream mitigation success from 2007 to 2009 across North Carolina (NC). “Success” was defined as whether the mitigation site met regulatory requirements in place at the time of construction. Analytical results were weighted by both component counts and mitigation size. Overall mitigation success (including preservation) was estimated at 74 % (SE = 3 %) for wetlands and 75 % (SE = 4 %) for streams in NC. Compared to the results of previous studies, wetland mitigation success rates had increased since the mid-1990s. Differences between mitigation providers (mitigation banks, NC Ecosystem Enhancement Program’s design-bid-build and full-delivery programs, NC Department of Transportation and private permittee-responsible mitigation) were generally not significant although permittee-responsible mitigation yielded higher success rates in certain circumstances. Both wetland and stream preservation showed high rates of success and the stream enhancement success rate was significantly higher than that of stream restoration. Additional statistically significant differences when mitigation size was considered included: (1) the Piedmont yielded a lower stream mitigation success rate than other areas of the state, and (2) recently constructed wetland mitigation projects demonstrated a lower success rate than those built prior to 2002. Opportunities for improvement exist in the areas of regulatory record-keeping, understanding the relationship between post-construction establishment and long-term ecological trajectories of stream and wetland restoration projects, incorporation of numeric ecological metrics into mitigation monitoring and success criteria, and adaptation of stream mitigation designs to achieve greater success in the Piedmont. 相似文献
139.