Determining reference conditions for TN, TP, SD and Chl-a in eastern plain ecoregion lakes, China

Establishing the nutrient reference condition(baseline environmental condition) of lakes in an ecoregion is a critical consideration in the development of scientifically defensible aquatic nutrient criteria.Three methods were applied to determine reference conditions in the Eastern plain ecoregion lakes with respect to total phosphorus(TP),total nitrogen(TN),planktonic chlorophyll a(Chl-a) and Secchi depth(SD).The reference condition value for the lakes in the Eastern plain ecoregion by the trisection method is TP of 0.029 mg/L,TN of 0.67 mg/L,Chl-a of 3.92 mg/m 3,SD of 0.85 m,and the reference condition range by the lake population distribution approach is TP of 0.014-0.043 mg/L,TN of 0.360-0.785 mg/L,Chl-a of 1.78-4.73 mg/m 3,SD of 0.68-1.21 m.Additionally,empirical models were developed for estimating the reference Chl-a concentration and SD successfully for lakes in the Eastern plain ecoregion.Overall,the data suggest that multiple methods can be used to determine reference conditions and that in Eastern plain ecoregion lakes the reference condition corresponds to a mesotrophic status.     

重金属污染河道底泥稳定化固化修复工程技术研究

介绍了某市排污渠重金属污染治理工程中对重金属污染底泥稳定化固化处理技术的研究,研究了不同添加比的水泥对砾砂质和黏质底泥中重金属的无害化处理效果及规律,介绍了固化稳定化工艺流程和设备,可供国内同类工程项目借鉴。     

Growth characteristics of algae during early stages of phytoplankton bloom in Lake Taihu, China

Three treatments, sediment plus lake water (S+W), sterilized sediment plus lake water (SS+W), and sediment plus filtered lake water (S+FW), were recruited to investigate the growth characteristics of algae during pre-bloom and the importance of algal inocula in the water column and sediment. The results showed that in the water column, biomass of all algae increased in all treatments when recruitment was initiated, whereas this tendency differed among treatments with further increment of temperature. The process of algal growth consisted of two stages: Stage I, the onset of recruitment and Stage II, the subsequent growth of algae. Compared with S+W, in Stage I, SS+W significantly increased the biomass of cyanophytes by 178.70%, and decreased the biomass of non-cyanophytes by 43.40%; In Stage II, SS+W notably stimulated the growth of all algae, thus incurring the occurrence of phytoplankton bloom. Further analyses revealed that both metabolic activity and photochemical activity of algae were enhanced in SS+W, which resulted from the releasing of nutrients from sediment. These results suggest that algal growth in Stage II and algal inocula in the water column can be important factors for the formation of phytoplankton bloom. In addition, possible mechanisms promoting algal recruitment and subsequent growth of algae were explored.     

无线电干扰系统电磁辐射安全限值的研究

在严格遵循国家有关部门电磁辐射防护规定中的相关标准情况下,进行无线电干扰系统的实验和操作中,发现当系统长时间使用时,按照电磁辐射相关安全标准设置安全间距仍会对人体健康产生不利影响。文章根据实验数据,对电磁辐射相关安全标准进行了深入研究和探讨,在对国家安全标准探讨的基础上提出考虑电磁辐射危害时不能仅仅将人体作为点来考虑,应充分认识到人体作为等效天线的特征以及吸收功率的问题。     

污泥堆肥及其土地利用全过程的温室气体与氨气排放特征

目前我国污泥堆肥及其土地利用全过程的温室气体(N2O、CH4)与氨气(NH3)排放数据极其缺乏,难以满足温室气体减排和氮素保存的需求.本研究通过原位观测,首次开展污泥堆肥及其土地利用全过程温室气体和氨气排放特征的研究.结果表明,基于机械翻堆条垛(turning windrow,TW)工艺的全过程温室气体排放因子(eCO2/干污泥,196.21 kg·t-1)是基于强制通风+机械翻堆条垛(aerated turning pile,ATP)工艺的1.61倍.N2O主要来自土地利用过程,CH4主要来自堆肥过程.ATP工艺的温室气体排放当量(eCO2/干污泥,12.47 kg·t-1)远低于TW工艺(eCO2/干污泥,86.84 kg·t-1).TW工艺的氨气排放因子(NH3/干污泥,6.86 kg·t-1)略高于ATP工艺(NH3/干污泥,6.63 kg·t-1).NH3是全过程最主要的N素损失形式,其中TW和ATP堆肥工艺因NH3排放造成的氮素损失相当,均约占堆料TN损失量的30%.而N2O和CH4带来的N、C元素的损失可以忽略不计.这些结果表明ATP是一种环境友好的污泥堆肥工艺.     

一种钢渣中氯离子的测定方法

利用蒸馏装置蒸出钢渣中的氯离子,使用硝酸汞滴定方法进行滴定,选用两种钢渣,在不同实验室分别进行了分析测定的比较和验证。结果表明:该方法简便易操作,重现性和准确性都比较高,作为钢渣中氯离子的测定是可行的。     

AFS断续流动氢化物原子荧光光度计测定饮用水中汞

介绍断续流动氢化物原子荧光光度计测定饮用水中汞的方法,研究了酸度,硼氢化钾浓度,灯电流,载气流速等对测定汞的影响.在优化的分析条件下,检测限为0.02ug/L,方法应用于水样中汞的测定,样品加标回收率在96.2％-102％之间,相对标准偏差为2.3％.方法具有操作简便,快速,灵敏度高等优点.     

垃圾焚烧电厂排气筒中的氯化氢的测定

直接用离子色谱淋洗液吸收垃圾焚烧电厂排气筒中低浓度的氯化氢,不仅减少了分析中的两次稀释操作,而且还降低方法的检出限,可用于同类污染源低浓度氯化氢的测定。     

走低碳发展之路实现生态文明之梦

低碳发展是一种以低耗能,低污染,低排放为特征的可持续发展模式。本文简述了走低碳发展之路既是可持续发展的要求,也是实现发展与环保双赢的保证。     

因子分析法在天津市主要河流水质污染程度综合评价中的应用

因子分析法作为一种常用的多元统计分析方法,可以有效地分析河流水质的变化趋势,准确地反映水体的污染状况和污染程度。本文将因子分析法应用于天津市主要河流的水质评价中,得出了天津市主要河流水质状况的综合评价结果和污染程度排名,该研究可为水环境管理与决策工作提供依据。