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161.
比较了茅草添加在温度变化条件下对餐厨垃圾厌氧水解过程小分子有机酸产量的影响,提出一种新型餐厨垃圾的资源化方式。研究结果显示,餐厨垃圾在55℃条件下厌氧水解主要产物为乳酸,达到25.7g/L,其干物质转化率可以达到32.1%(gTS),而餐厨+茅草处理在同样条件下的乳酸产量为20.1g/L,干物质转化率为25.1%。温度下降为37℃后继续进行的的厌氧水解,得到的主要产物是乙酸、丙酸和丁酸,餐厨处理和餐厨+茅草处理这两者的峰值分别为6.5、2.8、8.0和6.1g/L、2.7g/L和5.9g/L。结果显示茅草添加可以在一定程度上调节水解产物的比例,而温度变化可以调控小分子有机酸的产量。本研究结果表明,厌氧水解是一种有潜力的小分子有机酸生产与餐厨垃圾资源化处理途径。 相似文献
162.
不同浓度养殖废水对青萍生长能力的影响 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
为了探讨废水浓度对青萍(Lemna minor)净化能力、生物质和能量积累能力的影响,以猪场养殖废水为供试废水,分析了在不同废水浓度下青萍对废水中总氮(TN)、氨氮和总磷(TP)的净化能力,青萍的生长情况,以及青萍中碳(C)、氮(N)、磷(P)元素含量和热值的变化情况。研究表明,青萍在1%浓度的废水中表现出最高的污染物净化能力。虽然青萍的C、N、P含量和热值均随废水浓度的增加而增加,但是由于相对增长率以1%的废水中生长的青萍最高,青萍的最高生产力、C和能量的固定能力均出现在1%废水浓度培养的青萍中,其次是5%废水浓度培养的青萍。多项式回归分析表明,可以使青萍获得最大C和能量固定能力的废水浓度为3.4%,对应的氨氮浓度为26 mg/L,TP浓度为3.4 mg/L。研究结果为进一步优化高生物质生产、高污染物去除率的养殖废水-浮萍培养体系提供了一定的基础。 相似文献
163.
Enhanced electrokinetic remediation of lead-contaminated soil by complexing agents and approaching anodes 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Tao Zhang Hua Zou Minhui Ji Xiaolin Li Liqiao Li Tang Tang 《Environmental science and pollution research international》2014,21(4):3126-3133
Optimizing process parameters that affect the remediation time and power consumption can improve the treatment efficiency of the electrokinetic remediation as well as determine the cost of a remediation action. Lab-scale electrokinetic remediation of Pb-contaminated soils was investigated for the effect of complexant ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA) and acetic acid and approaching anode on the removal efficiency of Pb. When EDTA was added to the catholyte, EDTA dissolved insoluble Pb in soils to form soluble Pb–EDTA complexes, increasing Pb mobility and accordingly removal efficiency. The removal efficiency was enhanced from 47.8 to 61.5 % when the EDTA concentration was increased from 0.1 to 0.2 M, showing that EDTA played an important role in remediation. And the migration rate of Pb was increased to 72.3 % when both EDTA and acetic acid were used in the catholyte. The “approaching anode electrokinetic remediation” process in the presence of both EDTA and acetic acid had a higher Pb-removal efficiency with an average efficiency of 83.8 %. The efficiency of electrokinetic remediation was closely related to Pb speciation. Exchangeable and carbonate-bounded Pb were likely the forms which could be removed. All results indicate that the approaching anode method in the presence of EDTA and acetic acid is an advisable choice for electrokinetic remediation of Pb-contaminated soil. 相似文献
164.
Zhiqiang Nie Qingqi Die Yufei Yang Zhenwu Tang Qi Wang Qifei Huang 《Environmental science and pollution research international》2014,21(13):7863-7875
Polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxin and dibenzofuran (PCDD/PCDF) were overall measured and compared in ambient air, water, soils, and sediments along the upper reaches of the Haihe River of North China, so as to evaluate their concentrations, profiles, and to understand the processes of gas–particle partitioning and air–water/soil exchange. The following results were obtained: (1) The average concentrations (toxic equivalents, TEQs) of 2,3,7,8-PCDD/PCDF in air, water, sediment, and soil samples were 4,855 fg/m3, 9.5 pg/L, 99.2 pg/g dry weight (dw), and 56.4 pg/g (203 fg TEQ/m3, 0.46 pg TEQ/L, 2.2 pg TEQ/g dw, and 1.3 pg TEQ/g, respectively), respectively. (2) Although OCDF, 1,2,3,4,6,7,8-HpCDF, OCDD, and 1,2,3,4,6,7,8-HpCDD were the dominant congeners among four environmental sinks, obvious discrepancies of these congener and homologue patterns of PCDD/PCDF were observed still. (3) Significant linear correlations for PCDD/PCDF were observed between the gas–particle partition coefficient (K p) and the subcooled liquid vapor pressure (P L 0) and octanol–air partition coefficient (K oa). (4) Fugacity fraction values of air–water exchange indicated that most of PCDD/PCDF homologues were dominated by net volatilization from water into air. The low-chlorinated PCDD/PCDF (tetra- to hexa-) presented a strong net volatilization from the soil into air, while high-chlorinated PCDD/PCDF (hepta- to octa-) were mainly close to equilibrium for air–soil exchange. 相似文献
165.
166.
低温选择性催化还原(SCR)脱硝是国内外脱硝技术研发的热点,但目前主要集中在实验室小试范围,无法完全反映催化剂在实际烟气中的运行状况。在30 t/h循环流化床燃煤锅炉脱硫除尘装置后建设了2 000~5 000 m3/h的SCR脱硝中试装置,经系统研究发现,中试使用的蜂窝式催化剂对SO2和NO具有很强的吸附能力,且反应温度、喷氨速率和气体空速均会影响催化脱硝效率。为期5 d的连续运行实验结果表明,催化剂的脱硝效率一直稳定在30%~50%,并未发现明显的失活,这证明设计除雾除尘器、较大的混合器、混合器与反应器间较长的管路均有利于缓解催化剂因SO2、H2O和飞灰中的碱性金属导致的失活。 相似文献
167.
168.
采用气质联用分析,并结合自动识别与定量系统(AIQS-DB)考察2种再生水厂采用的深度处理工艺对微量有机污染物的去除效果。结果表明,以污水为原水的膜生物反应器(MBR)+臭氧氧化+生物活性炭滤池(BAC)工艺用于再生水生产,MBR工艺对有机污染物的去除起主要作用;城市污水厂二级出水为原水的混凝沉降+浸没式超滤(SMF)/连续微滤(CMF)+部分反渗透(RO)+臭氧氧化工艺用于再生水生产,其SMF和CMF工艺段的膜截留作用均可有效消减有机污染物含量,SMF的效果优于CMF;2种工艺中采用的臭氧技术都能进一步加强部分物质的去除效果。气质联用结合AIQS-DB可用于再生水中污染物的筛查和不同污水再生工艺对微污染物消减效果的评价。 相似文献
169.
170.
Jianshe Tang Min Zhang Guohua Cheng Ang Li Yitong Lu 《Journal of environmental science and health. Part. B》2013,48(8):707-712
Diethyl (carboxymethyl) phosphonate (DECP) was used as the hapten to develop an indirect competitive enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (IC-ELISA) for detecting organophosphorus pesticides (OPs). Conjugator of DECP with bovin serum albumin (BSA) was used as the immunogen for producing the polyclonal antibodies (PcAbs). Three antisera were obtained after the immune procedure. Characterization studies of the PcAbs indicated that the titer of antiserum-1 was highest in 3 antisera, and antiserum-1 had high affinity and specificity to the parathion, dichlorvos and pirimiphos. The IC-ELISA showed an IC50 of 0.428 μ g/mL with a detection limit of 0.0125 μ g/mL to parathion. The assay also indicated that the IC50 values of pirimiphos and dichlorvos were 0.331 μ g/mL and 1.25 μ g/mL respectively, and the detection limits of pirimiphos and dichlorvos were 0.0116 μ g/mL and 0.048 μ g/mL respectively. Recoveries of parathion, pirimiphos and dichlorvos spiked into water samples ranged from 90% to 160%. The results indicated that the ELISA could be a convenient and supplemental analytical tool for monitoring OPs residues in environmental water samples. 相似文献