三峡水库库首水温监测及初步分析

水温是评价水库水生态系统影响的重要水质参数之一,为研究三峡水库库首水温分布状况,于2011年在距三峡大坝约为35 km处,对三峡水库建成后各个运行期库首水温进行了详细监测。研究发现：在已确定的三峡工程常规调度运行方式下, 12~4月库首底部形成明显的低温区域,3月表层和底部水温之差为全年的最大值208℃,最大温度梯度为0156。5月底部低温区迅速减弱,表层和底部水温之差小于10℃。6~9月期间,低温区一直处于减弱的趋势,水体垂向掺混逐渐增强,库首水温垂向分布基本均匀一致。但进入10月后,由于上游来流水温较低,水体由于密度较大而潜入底部对低温区域起到了加强的作用,致使表底层温差达到146℃。根据2012年3~5月对三峡水库库首茅坪断面水温监测数据可知,在横向断面上,水温几乎没有差别。在分析三峡水库库首水温空间分布时,可以近似认为其横向水温分布基本一致。为研究三峡大坝的建成对河道水温的改变以及坝前是否存在水温分层现象提供依据和参考     

永定河河道修复生态功能区划研究

河道生态功能区划是依据区域生态系统现状、生态环境敏感性、生态服务功能重要性等特征的空间分异性而进行的空间分区,是进行河流生态修复的科学依据.本文利用GIS和RS技术,在区域生态环境调查的基础上,分析了永定河北京段生态问题、生态功能重要性等,揭示了区域生态系统的分异规律.综合自然因素与人类活动对区域生态系统叠加影响,最终形成了永定河北京段生态功能区划方案,划分为自然段、近自然段、城市景观段、人工绿化段、自然绿化段等5个区域,并结合永定河多元化用途、相关发展规划和社会经济发展状况等因素,提出各区域的生态修复调控指标,为永定河北京段生态修复提供了科学指导.     

鄱阳湖流域农村生活区面源污染特征及其影响

农村生活区水环境是流域水环境的重要组成部分。鄱阳湖流域是我国的重要农业生产区,农村人口众多,未经过处理的生活污水、生活垃圾和固体废弃物、分散畜禽养殖污染由于无序排放导致了鄱阳湖流域河湖水质下降,湖泊富营养化指数升高。通过采用污染物当量算法对鄱阳湖流域农村生活区面源污染估算,分析了1991~2011年农村生活污染现状及其趋势,并分析了鄱阳湖河湖水质变化趋势及其在农村生活区面源污染中的影响因子。研究结果表明：（1）1991～2011年,鄱阳湖流域农村人口、生活污染、生活垃圾和固体废弃物污染、分散畜禽养殖污染不断增加,其中农村生活污水污染物排放量、TN、TP和COD排放量增长了1268%,年平均增长量分别为036、002、1681和021万t;固体废弃物排放量、TN和TP排放量增加了1268%,年增长量分别为362、076和080万t;分散畜禽养殖污染TN、TP和COD的含量分别增长了9913%、6384%和7227%,年均增长量分别为022、003和009万t;（2）2000年以来,鄱阳湖流域河湖水质呈下降趋势,其中鄱阳湖湖泊的水质和富营养化指数下降趋势分别在001和005水平上具有显著性;（3）鄱阳湖流域农村生活区面源污染对流域水环境具有一定的影响,其中分散畜禽养殖污染的影响相对较大     

基于数据库的植物功能性状研究现状文献计量学分析

植物功能性状数据库是功能生态学研究的重要工具.了解基于植物功能性状数据库的植物功能性状研究现状,对探讨功能多样性和生物多样性具有重要的指导意义.介绍植物功能性状数据库的类型、影响力的评价方法和使用方法,并整理了17个植物功能性状库(附表).同时,通过Web of Science检索了2008-2018年间基于植物功能性...     

Effects of chemical modification on physicochemical properties and adsorption behavior of sludge-based activated carbon

This study aimed to explore the adsorption performance of sludge-based activated carbon (SBC) towards dissolved organic matters (DOMs) removal from sewage, and investigated the modification effect of different types of chemicals on the structure of synthesized SBC. Waste activated sludge (WAS) was used as a carbon source, and HCl, HNO₃, and NaOH were used as different types of chemicals to modify the SBC. With the aid of chemical activation, the modified SBC showed higher adsorption performances on DOMs removal with maximum adsorption of 29.05 mg/g and second-order constant (k) of 0.1367 (L/mol/sec) due to the surface elution of ash and minerals by chemicals. The surface elemental composition of MSBC suggested that the content of C-C and C-O functional groups on the surface of modified sludge-based activated carbon (MSBC) played an important role on the adsorption capacities of MSBC towards DOMs removal in sewage. Additionally, the residual molecular weight of DOMs in sewage was investigated using a 3-dimension fluorescence excitation-emission matrix (3D-EEM) and high-performance size exclusion chromatography (HP-SEC). Results showed that the chemical modification significantly improved the adsorption capacity of MSBC on humic acids (HA) and aromatic proteins (APN), and both of NaOH-MSBC and HCl-MSBC were effective for a wide range of different AMW DOMs removal from sewage, while the HNO₃-MSBC exhibited poorly on AMW organics of 2,617 Da and 409 Da due to the reducing content of macropore. In brief, this study provides reference values for the impact of the chemicals of the activation stage before the SBCs application.     

Exploring the influencing factors of carbon neutralization in Chinese manufacturing enterprises

One of the key issues facing the government in achieving carbon neutrality is what methods can be used to effectively reduce carbon emissions. Taking manufacturing enterprises as an example, this paper studies the carbon emission reduction effects of green technology innovation subsidy (GIS), carbon tax (CT), and carbon emission trading (CET). Under the background of social welfare and carbon emission reduction efficiency, we get the results of optimal carbon emission reduction measures in different environments. The results are as follows: (1) In the initial and mature stage of green technology innovation, GIS is the best choice to improve the degree of green manufacturing and maximize social welfare. CT and CET are the best choice to obtain the highest SE (carbon emission reduction efficiency). (2) In the transitional stage, CET and CT can promote the maturity of green technology. However, with the maturity of green technology, the promotion of green technology has weakened. CT is the best choice to achieve the highest SE. (3) When the carbon tax or carbon trading price is at a high or low level, raising the tax rate or carbon trading price can increase the income of enterprises. Therefore, the government should take measures according to the objectives of different stages. When the goal is to maximize social benefits, GIS is the best choice in the initial stage and transition stage, and CET or CT is the best choice in the transition stage. In the initial stage and fertilization stage, when the highest SE, CT, or CET is the best choice, while in the transition stage, CT is the best choice.

     

Enrichment and characterization of an effective hexavalent chromium-reducing microbial community YEM001

Environmental Science and Pollution Research - Chromium (Cr) is one of the most widely used heavy metals in industrial processes, resulting in water and soil pollution that seriously threaten...     

Restorating marine coastal ecosystem health as a new goad for integrated catchment management in Tolo Harbour,Hong Kong,China

The paper demonstrates why it is necessary to take the restoration of marine coastal ecosystem health as a new goal for integrated catchment management, in coastal area of the Tolo Harbour. The present goal of integrated catchment management (ICM) in the Tolo Harbour is to meet with Water Quality Objectives. The performance of an ICM plan, Tolo Harbour Action Plan (THAP), is evaluated by using marine coastal ecosystem health indicators including stress indicators and responses indicators. Since the implementation of THAP in 1988, some significant reduction in pollution loading has been observed - reduction of 83 % of BOD load and 82 % of TN between 1988 and 1999. There has been an improvement in the health state of Tolo Harbour marine coastal ecosystem as evidenced in the trends of the physical, chemical and biological indicators, although some reverse fluctuations in some periods exist. However, this can only be considered as the first sign of the ecosystem health restoration, since ecosystem health co     

Evaluation of rural habitat environment in under-developed areas of Western China: a case study of Northern Shaanxi

Environment, Development and Sustainability - Rural areas in Northwest China have always been the main concentration of poverty-stricken people in China. In 1986, China listed 665 poor counties...     

光催化材料在环保领域中的应用进展

光催化氧化材料能有效地降解有机污染物，已成为研究的热点。综述了光催化材料的反应机理和种类，阐述了影响光催化反应的条件和提高反应的效率等问题以及其在环保领域的应用，并提出了其今后的发展方向。