WPSTM-TEOMTM-MOUDITM的对比及大气气溶胶密度研究

通过对2005年夏季上海、北京地区大气气溶胶观测中3种不同原理气溶胶分析及采样仪的对比,考察了颗粒物个数浓度粒径分布仪（WPS^TM）、锥形元件振荡微量天平（TEOM^TMTM）在运行中所得数据的可比性.其中TEOM^TM测量PM_2.5质量浓度与WPS^TM计算PM_2.5质量浓度数据的相关系数分别为0.77和0.79,并发现在粗粒子颗粒物比例较高的时段二者相关性分别提高为0.91和0.84.MOUDI^TM分级质量浓度与WPS^TM计算分级质量浓度数据对比显示,除最小粒径分级外其他分级均有较好相关性（R分布在0.76～0.92）.应用2组不同对比数据推测了上海和北京观测点PM_2.5颗粒物密度,研究发现上海采样点颗粒物密度约为1.70 g·cm^-3,而北京采样点颗粒物密度约为1.50 g·cm^-3.     

新型混凝剂ASDⅡ处理城市生活污水

利用自制的新型混凝剂ＡＳＤⅡ，采用絮凝沉淀法处理城市生活污水的新方法。试验结果表明，该法的处理效果优于氧化沟法。ＣＯＤｃｒ去除率高达７０～８０％以上，处理水ＣＯＤｃｒ约２０～４０ｍｇ／Ｌ，ｐＨ值呈中性，ＳＳ几无，为城市生活污水的处理开辟了一条新路子     

光催化降解有机磷农药废水的可行性

在ＴｉＯ２粉末的存在下，研究光催化降解有机磷农药废水的可行性。结果表明，ＣＯＤｃｒ６５０ｍｇ／Ｌ，有机磷１９．８ｍｇ／Ｌ的有机磷农药废水在３７５Ｗ中压汞灯照射４ｈ，ＣＯＤ去除率为９０％，有机磷将完全转化为无机磷。同时还研究了光催化剂ＴｉＯ２的用量，反应液初始ｐＨ值，空气流量，外加Ｆｅ３＋浓度等多种因素对光降解的影响；并利用太阳聚光做了室外实验     

引滦水中不同形态天然有机物的卤代活性

用过滤、ＸＡＤ树脂吸附和阴离子树脂吸附等方法将引滦水中的天然有机物分离为悬浮态、憎水化合物、腐殖酸类化合物、非腐殖酸类阴离子化合物和其它亲水化合物。分别对不同形态有机物进行氯化处理，测定了产物中的挥发性卤代烃。结果表明，引滦水中天然有机物的主要氯化产物是氯仿和一溴二氯甲烷，此外还生成少量二溴一氯甲烷。悬浮态有机物和溶解态腐殖酸是生成氯仿的最重要母体，一溴二氯甲烷和二溴一氯甲烷则大多来源于溶解态腐殖     

后扣板冷挤压工艺及模具

此文分析了产品成形的特点,模具承载的负荷特点,从而在成形工艺上、润滑上、模具结构及选材上采取了相应的措施.用H-4水基高分子润滑剂和3Cr2W8V制作冷挤压模都取得了明显效果.     

中国东南沿海大(中)型浅成中低温热液矿床—斑岩型矿床评价的地质准则、成矿模式及其找矿意义

本文总结中国东南沿海高钾钙碱性—双峰式火山岩带中已勘查大中型矿床成矿环境的共性：矿床所处区域构造的部位、成岩与成矿时代、矿床与岩浆成因类型、火山构造及其基底构造控矿性、矿床与爆发角砾岩、矿床与矿化类型叠加与共生、矿化与蚀变的分带往、矿床定位深度与剥蚀深度。作者认为这八点可作为找寻与评价大（中）型矿床的地质准则。通过火山地质与矿床地质统一的研究提出本区晚中生代以火山为中心地热体系的成矿模式。并就三个方面作类比：①与现代火山地热体系成矿作用类比；②以紫金山高硫型浅成低温热液矿床与世界同类型矿床作比较；③与环太平洋其他火山岩带同类型矿床模式作类比．通过建立本区的模式与类比获得进一步找矿中值得重视的一些思路．     

电活性铝凝剂EAF对炼油废水的絮凝作用

采用电化学方法制取电活性铝凝剂ＥＡＦ．对照测定了３种传统的含铝絮凝剂和ＥＡＦ对模拟和实际含油废水的絮凝净化作用．结果表明，６０℃温度下，ｐＨ＝６～７，ＥＡＦ的用量为１０～３０ｍｇ／Ｌ时，油与ＣＯＤｃｒ去除率分别在９０％和８０％以上．简单讨论了ＥＡＦ的絮凝作用机理．     

Daily Bank Erosion Rates in the Lower Yellow River Before and After Dam Construction

During the period of water impoundment and sediment detention of the Sanmenxia Reservoir, riverbank erosion processes played a key role in the channel evolution of the Lower Yellow River (LYR). However, research into bank erosion rates of the LYR has been neglected due to the lack of direct field monitoring. In this study, an indirect method is proposed to determine bank erosion rates at daily time scales by outlining a detailed calculation procedure using measured hydrological data. A total of 810 data points of daily bank erosion rates before and after the construction of Sanmenxia Dam was calculated at seven hydrometric sections along the LYR, with the corresponding values of the bank stability coefficient and the width‐to‐depth ratio also being calculated. Empirical relations were then developed to estimate the daily bank erosion rates, using these parameters at the sections. Temporal and spatial variability in daily bank erosion rates in the LYR before and after dam construction were also investigated, revealing that: (1) the bank erosion rates had a mean value of 16.7‐29.1 m/day in the braided reach, with a maximum value of 290.0 m/day, while they were relatively low in the meandering reach, with a mean value of 2.5 m/day; (2) the erosion rates before dam construction were slightly greater than those after dam construction, with the difference reaching 5‐10 m/day in the braided reach, decreasing in the transitional reach gradually, and being slight in the meandering reach.     

畜禽粪便有机肥中重金属在水稻土中生物有效性动态变化

通过土壤淹水培养试验和土壤淹水培养不同时间后同时开始的水稻生物盆栽试验,研究不同畜禽粪便有机肥中Cu、Zn、Cd、Pb在水稻土中生物有效性动态变化以及与等量重金属无机盐的差异,明确不同畜禽粪便有机肥中不同重金属生物有效性差异及动态变化规律.结果表明,水稻土施入畜禽粪便有机肥后30~60 d内,畜禽粪便有机肥处理土壤溶液中重金属含量显著低于等量重金属无机盐处理,重金属无机盐处理土壤溶液中Cu、Zn、Cd、Pb的含量分别是鸡粪处理的2.4倍、3.1倍、3.9倍和327.3倍,分别是猪粪处理的2.0倍、2.2倍、15.6倍和4.0倍.60d后畜禽粪便有机肥处理和对应等量重金属无机盐处理土壤溶液中Cu、Zn、Cd、Pb的含量变的无差异.不同施用时间的畜禽粪粪便有机肥处理水稻体内Cu、Zn、Pb含量均显著低于对应的等量重金属无机盐处理,施用畜禽粪肥处理降低了土壤中Cu的生物有效性.畜禽粪便有机肥中重金属的生物有效性随施用后不同时间的变化呈现先升高后降低再升高规律,在施用后2个月时畜禽粪便有机肥中重金属的生物有效性最低,只相当于对应的等量重金属无机盐的13.0%~30.0%.     

Occurrence and behaviour of nonylphenol and octylphenol in Nanming River, Guiyang City, China

Occurrence, variation and behaviour of nonylphenol (NP) and octylphenol (OP) were studied in surface water and groundwater in Guiyang, Guizhou Province, southwestern China. Discharge of wastewater from Guiyang City was the main source of alkylphenols (APs) entering the aquatic environment. The concentrations of NP and OP in river water ranged from 40 to 1582 ng L(-1) and from below the lowest limit of detection (LOD) to 67 ng L(-1), respectively. NP and OP were also detected in groundwater. Both NP and OP exhibited spatial and temporal variations in river water and groundwater. It was found that concentrations of NP and OP in river water was low upstream and dramatically increased downstream, and higher concentration of NP was found in winter compared to that in summer. Proportions of NP and OP were trapped by suspended particulate matter (SPM), which accounted for 7.6-50.0% and 3.4-25.6% of their total concentration in the river water system, respectively. Seasonal changes in water flow were responsible for the temporal variations of APs. To determine the behaviour of APs along the river, a mass balance equation based on chloride was used. The results showed that a mixing process was the predominant factor to determine upstream APs concentrations; while the discharge of wastewater controlled the concentrations of APs downstream. Considering the adverse effect of APs on organisms, combined effect modeling was used to assess the toxicity to fish. It was found that the predicted mixture effect for APs in river water on fish vitellogenin induction was low upstream and medium downstream, respectively.