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51.
52.
Maria Luiza Duarte Pinto Godoy José Marcus Godoy Luiz Alfredo Roldão Luiz Tauhata 《Journal of environmental radioactivity》2009
The aim of this work was to determine the concentrations and isotopic compositions of plutonium and uranium in environmental samples for safeguards purposes. An analytical method was developed with a plutonium and uranium separation procedure based on extraction chromatography (using 2 mL TEVA and UTEVA columns) and detection with a quadrupole ICP-MS applying an ultra-sonic nebulizer coupled with a membrane desolvation system. Starting from blank swipes, the background equivalent concentration (BEC) was 8 fg for 239Pu and 1 ng 238U. The method was successfully applied to certified reference materials as well as to round robin samples obtained in the framework of the inter-laboratory exercise program, promoted by the Brazilian–Argentine Agency for Accounting and Control of Nuclear Materials (ABACC), together with the US Department of Energy (USDOE). After the introduction of an additional ion-exchange separation step, the methodology was applied to the IAEA-384 sediment reference sample with precise and accurate total plutonium and uranium, 240Pu/239Pu, 241Pu/239Pu, 234U/238U and 235U/238U atomic ratio results. 相似文献
53.
Site-Specific Characterization of Castromil Brownfield Area Related to Gold Mining Activities 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Ferreira da Silva E Serrano Pinto L Patinha C Cardoso Fonseca E 《Environmental geochemistry and health》2004,26(1):13-25
Castromil is one of the gold mining areas in Portugal that has been abandoned since 1940. This area, which was first mined in Roman times, is located within a Hercynian granite body near the contact with Silurian metasediments. Gold is essentially disseminated along veins in the silicified granite, running NW-SE, related with a shear zone and frequently associated with sulphides (arsenopyrite and basically pyrite). In paragenetic terms, three stages of mineralization are considered: ferro-arseniferous (quartz + arsenopyrite I + pyrite I + pyrrhotite + bismuth), zinciferous (sphalerite + chalcopyrite), and remobilization (arsenopyrite II + galena + gold). Due to the lack of laws and environmental education, Castromil is today a gold mining heritage site where we can detect the consequences of an incautious exploration (tailings, wells and adits located in the old explored zone) and where a residential area is located. In order to characterize the actual state of the old mining area the trace metal contamination of soils and waters by mining activities was investigated. In the studied area 106 soil samples, 15 waters and 20 plants were sampled and analysed. The soil samples were analysed for 32 elements by ICP-AES. Waters were analysed by ionic chromatography and ICP-MS for major and trace elements. Plants were analysed for As, Fe and Pb by AAS. The results are discussed taking into account the risk-based standards for soils and groundwater's (target and intervention values) proposed by Swartjes (1999). The results show elevated concentration of As and Pb which were found in soils collected from agricultural areas. Foodstuff plants species collected in the Castromil agricultural area show high concentrations of As in the leaves (cabbage and lettuce) and in the tubers (potatoes). Groundwaters in the mining area contain high concentrations of As that exceeds the intervention values. The area must to be subject to a remediation process, considering the actual risks to humans and ecosystems and the risks due to contaminant migration. 相似文献
54.
N. Cook I. Bertrand C. Gantzer R. M. Pinto A. Bosch 《Food and environmental virology》2018,10(3):253-262
Although information is limited, it is evident that prolonged persistence of infectious Hepatitis A virus (HAV) is a factor in the transmission of the virus via fresh produce. Consequently, data on persistence of the virus on produce, and in environments relevant to production, such as soils, water and surfaces, are required to fully understand the dynamics of transmission of HAV via foods. Furthermore, information on effective disinfection procedures is necessary to implement effective post-harvest control measures. This review summarises current information on HAV persistence in fresh produce and on relevant disinfection procedures. On vegetables, HAV can remain infectious for several days; on frozen berries, it can persist for several months. HAV can remain infectious on surfaces for months, depending on temperature and relative humidity, and can survive desiccation. It can survive for several hours on hands. Washing hands can remove the virus, but further data are required on the appropriate procedure. Chlorination is effective in water, but not when HAV is associated with foodstuffs. Bleach and other sodium hypochlorite disinfectants at high concentrations can reduce HAV on surfaces, but are not suitable for use on fresh produce. There is only limited information on the effects of heating regimes used in the food industry on HAV. HAV is resistant to mild pasteurisation. Some food components, e.g. fats and sugars, can increase the virus’ resistance to higher temperatures. HAV is completely eliminated by boiling. Quantitative prevalence data are needed to allow the setting of appropriate disinfection log reduction targets for fresh produce. 相似文献
55.
Enrico Cagno Donato Masi Celina Pinto Leão 《International journal of occupational safety and ergonomics》2016,22(1):102-115
The debate concerning occupational safety and health (OSH) interventions has recently focused on the need of improving the evaluation of interventions, and in particular on the need for providing information about why the intervention worked or not, under what circumstances and in which context. Key concepts in the analysis of the context are the drivers, i.e., those factors enabling, fostering or facilitating OSH interventions. However, the concept of driver for an OSH intervention is both confused and contested. Although the term is widely used, there is little consensus on how drivers should be understood, how important they are in different contexts and how they can facilitate interventions. This exploratory study based on interviews with the owner-managers and the safety officers of small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) gives an overview of the most characteristic drivers for OSH interventions. The results will be used to make an initial evaluation of SMEs' needs, and will help orient interventions and future research. 相似文献
56.
U. Pinto 《Journal of Environmental Planning and Management》2016,59(7):1257-1276
In this study, we examine aspects of community values and perspectives on goods and services received from the river along with issues related to sustainable management of the river. The study reveals that the contemporary values placed on rivers by communities are mostly associated with recreational and leisure activities. The distance from the river and age of the participants appeared as the most influential social demographic factors affecting participants' perspectives on river health. The study indicates that people tend to develop a strong bond with the natural resources around them and the amount of time spent at a location is directly related to the strength of this relationship. To assess the general river condition and health, a number of visual indicators (e.g., floating debris) were suggested. If properly standardised and calibrated, such indicators have the potential to develop cost-effective monitoring tools for detecting seasonal and spatial changes in river health. 相似文献
57.
Marc K. Steininger Karyn Tabor Jennifer Small Carlos Pinto Johan Soliz Ezequiel Chavez 《Environmental management》2013,52(1):136-150
We describe a model of forest flammability, based on daily satellite observations, for national to regional applications. The model defines forest flammability as the percent moisture content of fuel, in the form of litter of varying sizes on the forest floor. The model uses formulas from the US Forest Service that describe moisture exchange between fuel and the surrounding air and precipitation. The model is driven by estimates of temperature, humidity, and precipitation from the moderate resolution imaging spectrometer and tropical rainfall measuring mission multi-satellite precipitation analysis. We provide model results for the southern Amazon and northern Chaco regions. We evaluate the model in a tropical forest-to-woodland gradient in lowland Bolivia. Results from the model are significantly correlated with those from the same model driven by field climate measurements. This model can be run in a near real-time mode, can be applied to other regions, and can be a cost-effective input to national fire management programs. 相似文献
58.
Franco Dison S. P. Georgin Jordana Netto Matias Schadeck Foletto Edson L. Allasia Daniel Oliveira Marcos L. S. Pinto Diana Dotto Guilherme L. 《Environmental science and pollution research international》2022,29(21):31085-31098
Environmental Science and Pollution Research - In this work, buckwheat husks (Fagopyrum esculentum) were modified by acid treatment and posteriorly employed to remove the ketoprofen in batch... 相似文献
59.
R.F. Luck J.A.M. Janssen J.D. Pinto E.R. Oatman 《Behavioral ecology and sociobiology》2001,49(4):311-321
We determined the sex, order, and clutch size of eggs laid by the parasitoid wasp, Trichogramma pretiosum Riley, in the eggs of one of its natural hosts, Trichoplusia ni (Hübner). The parasitoid allocated sex non-randomly to hosts in the laboratory with a variance significantly less than that of a binomial (random) distribution, our null model. More clutches of two or more eggs contained a single male egg as the second or third egg laid than would be expected by chance and none contained two or more male eggs. T. pretiosum also increased the sex ratio (% male) of its offspring with increasing foundress numbers by increasing the frequency of male offspring as the second egg in a two-egg clutch allocated to unparasitized hosts and as the single egg allocated to previously parasitized hosts. These results indicate that T. pretiosum allocates the sex of its offspring precisely. Precise sex allocation is favored under local mate competition because it reduces variation in the number of sons per patch thus maximizing the number of inseminated daughters emigrating from the patch. Similar combinations of female and male offspring emerged from T. ni eggs parasitized by T. pretiosum in the field, again with a sex ratio variance less than that expected for a binomial distribution. These results strongly suggest that this parasitoid species manifests local mate competition. 相似文献
60.
Rodrigues Pinto Beatriz Linares Jose Joaquin de Vasconcelos Lanza Marcos Roberto de Lourdes Souza Fernanda 《Environmental science and pollution research international》2021,28(21):26762-26771
Environmental Science and Pollution Research - This paper reports the development of a novel photoelectrochemical (PEC) oxidation technique based on UV-C irradiation and boron-doped diamond (BDD)... 相似文献