亚硫酸氢钠对构树光合生理特性的剂量效应

亚硫酸氢钠是广泛采用的光合促进剂,对作物产量具有一定的促进效果,但如果亚硫酸氢钠超过一定的剂量,可能会造成作物与土壤中硫含量超标,对人和农业生态环境都会产生极大的危害。为了研究不同浓度亚硫酸氢钠溶液对植物光合作用的影响,本研究以一年生构树(Broussonetia papyrifera)为实验材料,叶面喷施0、1、2、5、10、20、50 mmol/L的亚硫酸氢钠,分析各浓度处理下构树叶片的光合参数、荧光参数以及叶绿素含量。结果表明,1 mmol/L的亚硫酸氢钠处理可以显著提高植株的净光合速率(P_N)、气孔导度(G_s)和光呼吸速率(R_p);5 mmol/L的亚硫酸氢钠处理下叶绿素含量显著下降,而在超过20 mmol/L的亚硫酸氢钠处理下,植株的P_N、G_s、R_p、暗呼速率、叶绿素含量、实际光化学量子产量以及电子传递速率均较对照组显著下降,初始荧光、调节性能量耗散的量子产额和光呼吸份额则显著增加。这些结果说明,低浓度的亚硫酸氢钠在光呼吸所占份额基本不变的条件下...     

GC-MS法测定垃圾填埋场渗滤液中的有机污染物

采用GC-MS联用技术对深圳市两个垃圾填埋场（A和B）渗滤液中的有机污染物进行分析。垃圾场A是简易生活垃圾填埋场,垃圾场B是生活垃圾焚烧底渣填埋场。垃圾场A渗滤液中COD、TOC、NH3-N、NO3^--N等污染指标的浓度比垃圾场B渗滤液高一个数量级。两个垃圾填埋场渗滤液中分别检测出主要有机物72种和57种,其中含有大量难降解有机物,如酚类、胺类、杂环类物质。两个垃圾填埋场渗滤液中有机物组分的相对含量不同,渗滤液A中酚类物质含量最高,渗滤液B中有机物多为长链烷烃。     

国际上可持续发展教育的历史进程

从布伦特兰《我们共同的未来》提出可持续发展概念至今近２０年,尤其是１９９２年世界环境与发展大会后,世界各国的公众、政府、科技和企业界的人士正在达成一种共识,即为了使后代也能享受与当代人同样的生活资源与生活质量,人类必须尽快形成一种可持续的生活方式。目前,尽管所有人都直接受到可持续发展问题的影响,尽管人们对可持续发展问题的认识不断增强,但大多数人对可持续发展问题及其重要性与相关性的了解程度却不高,参与可持续发展建设的能力也有限,这在很大程度上与可持续发展教育的深度和水平有关。国际上可持续发展教育的…     

污泥沉降比在活性污泥法处理污水中的应用

炼油化工废水水量大,含有较高浓度的COD、NH3-N、硫、酚、石油类等污染物,活性污泥法具有运行稳定,耐负荷运行、成本低、维护方便和处理效果良好的特点。文章通过分析污泥沉降比与各因素之间的关系,得出:温度是影响沉降比主要因素,外界环境因素也影响污泥沉降比,污泥沉降比对维持曝气池稳定有重要作用,利用污泥沉降比可以调节剩余污泥排放量,控制污泥浓度;通过污泥沉降比的变化可以及早判断和发现污泥膨胀,及时做出工艺运行调整。     

Association of serum concentration of organochlorine pesticides with dietary intake and other lifestyle factors among urban Chinese women

Concerns about the carcinogenic and endocrine-disrupting characteristics of organochlorine pesticides (OCPs) have led to a global ban on OCP use. However, OCPs persist in the environment for decades because of their long half-life. We evaluated serum levels of OCPs and their correlations with usual dietary intake and other lifestyle factors among 250 healthy women who participated as controls in the Shanghai Breast Cancer Study. Serum levels of hexachlorocyclohexane isomers (alpha-HCH, beta-HCH, gamma-HCH), dichloro-di-phenyl-trichloroethane (DDT) isomers (p,p'-DDE and p,p'-DDT), hexachlorobenzene (HCB), trans-nonachlor (TNC), and eight polychlorinated biphenyls (PCB) congeners (IUPAC no. 74, 118, 138, 153, 170, 180, 183, and 187) were measured. Lifestyle factors and usual dietary habits over the past 5 years were assessed through an in-person interview. With the exception of PCB, total OCP levels in our study population were significantly higher than those observed in other countries. Age, income, body mass index, waist-to-hip ratio, number of pregnancies, and/or total duration of breastfeeding were all significantly correlated with all types of OCPs. Of the 20 food groups evaluated, correlations with serum total OCPs were observed for eggs (r=0.13), fresh beans (r=-0.17), tea (r=0.14), and animal fat (r=0.18). Multiple regression analyses showed that age and animal fat intake were positively associated with serum total level OCPs, while leafy vegetable and fresh bean consumption was negatively associated with OCPs level. Our study suggests that dietary intake may be an important contributor of serum levels of OCPs in Chinese women.     

生物制药污水处理中自动控制系统运行的分析

污水处理中,自动控制系统的运行方式关系到污水处理是否达标的关键,尤其是在运行细节中,运行控制考虑得不周全,往往会影响到污水处理的效果。生物制药污水处理中,设备在运行细节控制方法中的有效解决,保证了出水稳定可靠。     

Carbonaceous matter and PBDEs on indoor/outdoor glass window surfaces in Guangzhou and Hong Kong,South China

Organic films, collected from indoor and outdoor window surfaces in Guangzhou and Hong Kong of South China, were analyzed to quantify their organic carbon (OC), elemental carbon (EC), and polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) content. The highest concentrations of OC, EC, and BDE-209 were found in Guangzhou with values of 10 000 μg m^?2, 2200 μg m^?2, and 4000 ng m^?2, respectively, and the highest concentration of Σ₇PBDE (sum of BDE-28, -47, -99, -100, -153, -154 and -183) was found in Hong Kong with a value of 25 ng m^?2. In most cases, the concentrations of PBDEs were higher in the exterior films than those in the interior films with BDE-209 as the predominant congener in both cities, suggesting that PBDEs mainly come from ambient environment, and deca-BDE accounts for major PBDE consumption. The growth rates of organic film on window surfaces were fast at the beginning, and reached a consistent level afterwards. The evolution rates ranged from 2.6 to 11 nm day^?1 for “bulk film”, while from 0.06 to 0.92 nm day^?1 for “pure film”. The concentrations of PBDEs on the window surfaces did not increase with the growth time, suggesting that the window surface may provide a good place for photo-degradation of PBDEs.     

基于CTC-流式细胞仪活性细菌总数的快速检测技术研究

以大肠杆菌作为研究对象,建立一种5-cyano-2,3-ditolyl tetrazolium chloride(CTC)染色结合流式细胞仪(CTC-FCM)的方法,以选择性检测水环境中具有代谢活性的细菌总数.该方法的原理是细菌与具有氧化还原性的染料CTC发生反应,形成红色荧光物质,被流式细胞仪特异性识别进而可选择性检测活性菌.研究结果表明,CTC染色的最佳反应条件为:CTC浓度为2 mmol·L-1、37℃避光孵育3h.该方法最低检测限为103个·mL-1.通过比较培养法和CTC-FCM方法检测热灭活后的大肠杆菌,结果表明CTC-FCM方法可准确区分活性菌和灭活菌,且与培养法之间具有较好的线性关系(R2=0.9465).应用CTC-FCM方法检测实际样品,结果显示该方法与培养法之间有较好的线性关系(R2=0.8121).本研究建立的CTC-FCM方法可满足饮用水水质标准需求,且检测时间比平板培养法缩短20～40 h,可以用于环境水样中活性细菌总数检测.     

活性炭纤维在水处理中的应用现状

活性炭纤维(ACF)是有机纤维材料经碳化、活化制成的一种新型吸附材料,具有独特的物理、化学结构和吸附速度快、容量大、含碳量高、再生容易的特点,比传统活性炭具有更好的吸附性能,应用前景广阔,目前已用于水质净化、废水的常规处理和深度处理、回收废水中有用物质等方面,而且处理效果明显、应用价值高.但由于其价格较高、对大分子污染物的吸附性较差等因素,使得活性炭纤维在水处理中的广泛使用受到一定程度的限制,因此,应当对其加强开发研究,拓宽在水处理中的应用范围.     

Fe~(2+)、Mn~(2+)湿法催化氧化烟气脱硫实验研究

利用Fe~(2+)、Mn~(2+)作为吸收剂进行湿法催化氧化烟气脱硫实验,结果表明该法在低pH值下能够实现良好的脱硫效率,其中Mn~(2+)的效果优于Fe~(2+),采用Mn~(2+)作为催化剂,pH控制在3~5之间效果最好,吸收液温度不宜超过40℃,利用过滤中和法处理循环吸收液能有效调控pH值,避免结垢现象。该法针对中小型烟气脱硫系统有良好的研究前景。