生产三氯杀螨醇的滴滴涕环境风险及其控制途径研究

滴滴涕是《关于持久性有机污染物（POPs）的斯德哥尔摩公约》中首批受控物质。本文调查了国内传统三氯杀螨醇生产工艺情况,分析了生产过程和产品使用过程中滴滴涕环境排放途径及环境风险,结合公约中有关滴滴涕风险控制的相关要求,分析了有限场地封闭体系三氯杀螨醇生产的基本要素,提出了生产过程中的环境排放限值建议,明确了控制环境排放和环境风险的有效途径。为相关生产企业开展技术改造和实施自我考核以及相关部门开展监督管理工作提供建议。     

危险化学品从业单位安全生产标准化发展历程及前景

阐述了危险化学品从业单位安全生产标准化工作自2004年开展以来的历程,总结了从业人员队伍建设、安全标准体系建立、企业安全管理水平提升等方面取得的成绩,分析了安全生产标准化实施中存在的实际问题,对危险化学品从业单位安全生产标准化的发展前景进行了分析和展望。     

载波相位观测对传统双频GPS电离层模型改进研究

详细推导出利用GPS双频码距和载波相位观测联合双频码距进行电离层电子密度求定的2种模型,给出了求定这2种模型参数的数学表达,从理论上指出该2种模型分别适合单历元和多历元解算的基本条件,通过实例进行了2种模型的电离层修正误差的分析和比较.结果表明,载波相位观测联合双频码距建立电离层延迟模型具有观测数据利用率较高、解算精度...     

Removal of phosphorus and sulfur from yellow phosphorus off-gas by metal-modified activated carbon

In order to provide comprehensive utilization of high concentration CO for mono-carbon (C1) chemical industry, the purification of yellow phosphorus off-gas is of great concern. In this research, activated carbon (AC) modified by different impregnants were used for removal of PH₃, H₂S, SO₂, COS, and CS₂ in yellow phosphorus off-gas. For the removal of PH₃, AC impregnated with 0.10 mol L⁻¹ CuAc₂ was proved to be the best adsorbent. And removal efficiency of H₂S could be significantly enhanced by AC impregnated with 7% Na₂CO₃. The results of plant experiments suggested that the total concentration of the impurities in yellow phosphorus off-gas was less than 1 mg Nm⁻³ after purification operation. The metal-modified activated carbon (MMAC) was systematically characterized in terms of XPS, TGA, and DTA. The adsorption reaction mechanism was also investigated. As a result, the yellow phosphorus off-gas purified in this study can be used as a raw material gas in the C1 chemical industry.     

矿井乏风逆流氧化反应的数值模拟

在理论分析和合理简化的基础上,建立了矿井乏风逆流氧化的一维数学模型。并采用计算流体力学(CFD)软件(Fluent)模拟了其逆流氧化反应过程,探讨了主要工况参数(如流速、当量比和半周期)对逆流氧化反应温度和反应速率的影响。模拟了半周期为30s、当量比为0.2、流速分别为0.06,0.1和0.2 m/s时温度场和反应速率的分布情况。总结出有关逆流氧化反应装置的燃烧特性以及工况参数对其燃烧特性影响的规律,对提高其燃烧效率和能源的利用率有重要作用。     

2006年我国煤矿特大事故的统计分析

本文对2006年我国煤矿特大事故进行分月统计,从各月事故发生的次数、死亡人数、相对于2005年的事故变化情况、引起事故发生原因等进行分析,得出:我国2006年的煤矿特大事故中,瓦斯事故仍是最主要引发因素,瓦斯爆炸为最主要事故类型,同时,在对原因进行分析后提出了相应措施.     

Association of serum concentration of organochlorine pesticides with dietary intake and other lifestyle factors among urban Chinese women

Concerns about the carcinogenic and endocrine-disrupting characteristics of organochlorine pesticides (OCPs) have led to a global ban on OCP use. However, OCPs persist in the environment for decades because of their long half-life. We evaluated serum levels of OCPs and their correlations with usual dietary intake and other lifestyle factors among 250 healthy women who participated as controls in the Shanghai Breast Cancer Study. Serum levels of hexachlorocyclohexane isomers (alpha-HCH, beta-HCH, gamma-HCH), dichloro-di-phenyl-trichloroethane (DDT) isomers (p,p'-DDE and p,p'-DDT), hexachlorobenzene (HCB), trans-nonachlor (TNC), and eight polychlorinated biphenyls (PCB) congeners (IUPAC no. 74, 118, 138, 153, 170, 180, 183, and 187) were measured. Lifestyle factors and usual dietary habits over the past 5 years were assessed through an in-person interview. With the exception of PCB, total OCP levels in our study population were significantly higher than those observed in other countries. Age, income, body mass index, waist-to-hip ratio, number of pregnancies, and/or total duration of breastfeeding were all significantly correlated with all types of OCPs. Of the 20 food groups evaluated, correlations with serum total OCPs were observed for eggs (r=0.13), fresh beans (r=-0.17), tea (r=0.14), and animal fat (r=0.18). Multiple regression analyses showed that age and animal fat intake were positively associated with serum total level OCPs, while leafy vegetable and fresh bean consumption was negatively associated with OCPs level. Our study suggests that dietary intake may be an important contributor of serum levels of OCPs in Chinese women.     

ADMS模型在电厂脱硫系统改造中的应用

ADMS模型拥有山区模块,适宜于重庆特殊的地形条件。文章应用ADMS模型预测和评估重庆市某大型火电厂GGH取消前后对主城区大气环境质量的影响,从环境效益的角度论证取消GGH系统的可行性。结果表明,取消GGH系统将使烟气抬升高度降低108 m,近地表大气污染物浓度有一定程度的升高,但相对于各污染物年均、日均标准浓度限值,其升高值的贡献都不超过0.1%,取消GGH系统不会对主城环境空气质量造成影响。在脱硫设施非正常运行的条件下,取消GGH系统将使近地表二氧化硫日均浓度有明显的升高,总体升高9.7%,但平均升高值只占二氧化硫日均浓度标准限值的0.63%,对环境也不会造成明显的影响。取消GGH系统,可提高脱硫设施的运行率,进而减少因脱硫设施故障而可能增加二氧化硫排放的风险。     

宁夏电网短路电流水平分析及限制措施

针对未来2~3 年宁夏电网短路水平,通过计算, 分析了超标点短路电流增高的主要原因,从网架结构、设备更换及运行方式调整等方面提出了限制措施。应用结果表明:限制措施确保了电网安全稳定运行。     

两起GIS带电设备异常现象的研讨

针对两起550kV GIS 不同带电设备产生的异常现象,通过特高频、超声波、红外成像、SF₆气体成分等带电测试方法进行全方位、多角度分析与对比。结果表明:磁致伸缩引起的机械振动不会给GIS设备运行带来危害,但机械振动放电引起的异常现象将会对GIS安全运行带来一定程度的危险。