电化学反应器对水中离子去除转化的试验研究

为了开发一种设备简单,操作容易,功能多,成本低的水和废水处理工艺,利用以铁板为电极,按混合联结的电化学反应器处理废水。结果表明,对pH值为3～6的水可中和至7,硬度可降低45.5％左右,水中阴离子SO^2－₄及Cl_－的去除率分别达48.6％和17.8％,重金属总Cr、Hg、Zn、Pb、Cd的去除率分别达25.7％,59.5％,57.4％,79.8％和100％。该电化学反应器特别适用于乡镇企业或其它小水量用户。     

渗透蒸发脱除水中挥发性有机物的研究进展

渗透蒸发用于水中挥发性有机物的脱除．近年来受到高度的关注。综述了近年来渗透蒸发脱除水中挥发性有机物的研究进展．重点是关于膜与膜组件的应用、操作参数和结果。     

Variations and its driven factors of anthropogenic nitrogen loads in the Yangtze River Economic Belt during 2000–2019

Environmental Science and Pollution Research - Since the millennium, China has economically taken off with rapid urbanization, and anthropogenic nitrogen emission intensity has undergone remarkable...     

稻虾共作快速发展背景下潜江耕地时空变化特征分析

虾稻共作综合种养模式近年来在长江中下游地区快速发展,探索虾稻共作对农业土地利用的影响,对于科学调控虾稻田发展、确保粮食和生态双安全具有重要意义。该研究以虾稻共作模式发源地——湖北潜江市为研究区域,利用空间分析和破碎度指数方法,分析虾稻共作模式快速推广下潜江市农业土地利用时空格局变化。结果表明：（1）近20年来,耕地时空格局变化过程是以园林办事处（主城区）为中心的建设用地向西至广华镇、南至杨市镇不断扩张,耕地转为新增建设用地达28.64 km2,约18.59 km2耕地转换为水域;（2）耕地格局呈现破碎化,主要由城市发展过程中建设用地扩张占用耕地,以及虾稻田快速发展后造成;（3）虾稻田主要由水田转换而来,部分旱地及水域也转换为虾稻田。虾稻田的不断扩张,特别是旱地和水域转换为虾稻田,一定程度上带来耕地破碎化。因此,在我国农业劳动力不足、农民收入不高和种地积极性不强等因素下,未来虾稻田种植模式对耕地利用具有较好的潜力和空间,但也需要重点关注虾稻共作模式的可持续发展,重点基于水田发展虾稻田种养模式。     

交通空气污染对大鼠子代发育及社交行为的影响

交通空气污染与儿童自闭症的关联时有报道,但其因果关系仍待进一步探索。为研究出生前后暴露于不同水平的交通空气污染环境对生长发育和自闭症相关社交行为的影响,将Wistar大鼠雌雄1∶1交配,受孕雌鼠根据子代接触交通污染的时间(出生后暴露或胚胎期暴露)及浓度(低、中和高3个水平)分为6组。在子代出生后21～27 d,测量子代的体重、身长及大脑脏器系数,并根据三箱实验评估社交行为,同时检测仔鼠脑组织组蛋白H3第4个赖氨酸(H3K4)的甲基化水平。结果显示,出生前后,尤其是胚胎发育阶段接触较高浓度的交通空气污染物可导致幼鼠体重及大脑湿重较低,身长较短、大脑脏器系数偏高等生长发育特征改变。同时,出生前后较高浓度的交通空气污染物暴露可导致幼鼠出现社交能力下降、社交记忆受损及社交新颖性减弱等典型自闭症样行为改变。虽然组蛋白H3K4甲基化水平与交通空气污染物浓度之间未见统计学关联,但出生后暴露组具有较高的H3K4甲基化水平,提示出生前后接触交通空气污染物可能与自闭症的发生发展有关,而不同暴露时期对脑组织H3K4甲基化水平的影响,为今后进一步探讨自闭症的表观遗传机制提供了线索。     

Surface modification of mesoporous silica nanoparticle with 4-triethoxysilylaniline to enhance seawater desalination properties of thin-film nanocomposite reverse osmosis membranes

• Mesoporous silica nanoparticle was modified with 4-triethoxysilylaniline. • AMSN-based TFN-RO membranes were prepared for seawater desalination. • Water transport capability of the AMSN was limited by polyamide. • Polyamide still plays a key role in permeability of the TFN RO membranes. Mesoporous silica nanoparticles (MSN), with higher water permeability than NaA zeolite, were used to fabricate thin-film nanocomposite (TFN) reverse osmosis (RO) membranes. However, only aminoalkyl-modified MSN and low-pressure (less than 2.1 MPa) RO membrane were investigated. In this study, aminophenyl-modified MSN (AMSN) were synthesized and used to fabricate high-pressure (5.52 MPa) RO membranes. With the increasing of AMSN dosage, the crosslinking degree of the aromatic polyamide decreased, while the hydrophilicity of the membranes increased. The membrane morphology was maintained to show a ridge-and-valley structure, with only a slight increase in membrane surface roughness. At the optimum conditions (AMSN dosage of 0.25 g/L), when compared with the pure polyamide RO membrane, the water flux of the TFN RO membrane (55.67 L/m²/h) was increased by about 21.6%, while NaCl rejection (98.97%) was slightly decreased by only 0.29%. However, the water flux of the membranes was much lower than expected. We considered that the enhancement of RO membrane permeability is attributed to the reduction of the effective thickness of the PA layer.     

Water-Blown Castor Oil-Based Polyurethane Foams with Soy Protein as a Reactive Reinforcing Filler

To decrease the usage of petroleum based materials, a kind of bio-resource based composite foams were developed with soy protein isolate (SPI) as reactive reinforcing filler in castor oil based polyurethane foams (PUF) prepared by self-rising method using water as a blowing agent. The resulting composite foams were evaluated for their morphology, density, mechanical and biodegradation properties, etc. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy study exhibited characteristic peaks for SPI and PUF and indicated that the amino groups and hydroxyl groups on SPI reacted with polyphenyl polymethylene polyisocyanates (PAPI) to increase the crosslinking degrees of the composite foams. Densities of the resultant composites were found to increase with increasing SPI content. Mechanical properties of the samples were improved with the increase of SPI content. The compost tests further proved that the composite PUF had better biodegradability than neat PUF. Therefore, this research has provided a simple method of preparing the bio-resource based polyurethane foams, while exploring the potential of using SPI in polyurethane foam applications.     

Fabrication and Properties of Acid Treated Carbon Nanotubes Reinforced Soy Protein Nanocomposites

Acid treated multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MWNTs) were incorporated into glycerol plasticized soy protein to form MWNTs/soy protein nanocomposite plastics. The influence of the polar groups grafted on carbon nanotubes by acid treatment on the compatibility would be studied. The results showed that aggregation of carbon nanotubes was reduced by acid treatment and some polar groups were grafted on the nanotubes. The modified MWNTs were dispersed in soy protein matrix homogeneously and exhibited good compatibility with soy protein matrix. The crystalline structure of soy protein was not changed by MWNTs. The mechanical properties were dramatically enhanced through MWNTs incorporation due to the strong hydrogen bonding between them and the homogeneously dispersion of MWNTs in protein matrix, indicating the reinforcing effect of MWNTs in soy protein matrix. The water uptake was reduced and the thermal stability was enhanced by MWNTs incorporation.     

3种微藻对全氟烷基化合物的生物富集效应

全氟烷基化合物(perfluoroalkyl substances,PFASs)是一系列人工合成的新型有机污染物,由于长链的PFASs具有较高的生物蓄积性,短链PFASs逐渐作为替代品而被广泛利用。为探讨不同碳链长度的PFASs在水生浮游植物中的蓄积能力,选取7种PFASs为目标物,以斜生栅藻(Scenedesmus obliquus)、钝顶螺旋藻(Spirulina platensis)和蛋白核小球藻(Chlorella pyrenoidosa)作为受试生物进行富集动力学实验,测定24 h时的生物富集因子(Bioconcentration factors,BCF)。结果表明,染毒浓度为10μg·L-1时,全氟癸烷羧酸的富集能力最强,在斜生栅藻、钝顶螺旋藻和蛋白核小球藻中的浓度分别为1 894 ng·g~(-1)、88.0ng·g~(-1)、990 ng·g~(-1)。3种微藻中全氟烷基磺酸的BCF均随碳链长度的增加而增大;全氟烷基羧酸的BCF基本遵循同样的规律,只是在钝顶螺旋藻体内,全氟己烷羧酸的BCF高于全氟辛烷羧酸。此外,PFASs在斜生栅藻中的浓度均高于蛋白核小球藻和钝顶螺旋藻,不同藻类的富集能力与其表面积、脂肪及蛋白质组成有关。