我国民用机场建设运营的突出环境保护问题及解决对策

本文从我国民用机场的工程特点和环境影响分析入手,探究解决民用机场环境影响的对策措施,进而识别出民用机场建设运营的突出环境保护问题,重点探讨机场建设运营突出环境保护问题的解决对策措施,并提出我国民用机场建设运营在环境保护方面还存在哪些亟待解决的问题。     

中国石化HSE管理系统的现场实施方案探讨

阐述了中国石化HSE管理系统的实施策略、实施流程,总结出一套适合中国石化直属企业的业务管理系统现场实施方案。     

Catalytic oxidation of benzene over nanostructured porous Co3O4-CeO2 composite catalysts

The three-dimensional structured Co₃O₄-CeO₂ oxides with Co/Ce molar ratio 16:1 gave the highest catalytic activity, which provided more surface hydroxyl groups and more surface oxygenated species.     

企业职业健康管理信息系统研究

结合职业健康管理的实际情况,确定了企业职业健康管理信息系统的结构,在此基础上进行了系统的开发,最终实现了系统的危险分析、健康评价、预防措施、业务管理等功能,并应用于企业的实际职业健康管理中,取得了良好的效果。     

高速铁路客运车站气力垃圾收集输送系统应用研究

近年来国内高速铁路发展迅猛,同时也新建了一些高速铁路车站,但目前国内铁路车站站车垃圾仍然采用原始的人工收集或者人工机械混合收集的方式,这些传统的垃圾收集方式影响城市形象及人身健康。气力垃圾收集输送系统是目前国际最为先进的垃圾收集输送系统,文章对该系统在高速铁路车站的应用进行了研究,提出了具体的实施方案。     

食物相暴露下三丁基锡(TBT)在疣荔枝螺(Thais clavigera)体内的吸收和代谢动力学

将牡蛎消化腺分别暴露在1000 ng·L-1和100 ng·L-1 TBT水溶液中4周,然后将染毒的牡蛎消化腺分别投喂疣荔枝螺(Thais clavigera).经过45 d的暴露和30 d的净化,我们发现雌雄疣荔枝螺的消化和生殖系统能较快地吸收TBT(吸收速率ku=0.004-0.022·d-1),并且其代谢(生物代...     

Significant emission reductions of carbonaceous aerosols from residential coal burning by a novel stove

Carbonaceous aerosols (CA) are crucial components in the atmospheric PM_2.5 and derived from diverse sources. One of the major sources for CA is from the incomplete combustion of bituminous coal that has been prevailingly used by household stoves in rural areas for heating during winter. To efficiently eliminate the CA emission, a new household stove (NHS) was developed based on a novel combustion technology and CA emissions from the NHS and a traditional household stove (THS) were comparably investigated under the actual stove operation conditions in a farmer's house. Compared with the THS, the emission factors of organic carbon (OC), elemental carbon (EC), and water-soluble organic carbon (WSOC) from the NHS were reduced by 96%±1%, 98%±1%, and 91%±1% under the flaming process and 95%±1%, 96%±2%, and 83%±4% under the smoldering process, respectively. Additionally, the mass absorption efficiency of WSOC from the NHS reduced by 3 folds and the radiative forcing by WSOC relative to EC shrank remarkably by a factor of 3-8. Based on the reduction of emissions and light absorption of WSOC, the promotion of the NHS offers a possible solution to achieve the clean combustion of residential solid fuel.     

县级系统开展全民环境教育探讨

叙述环境教育的产生及发展,介绍目前环境保护及环境教育还存在的问题,讨论了开展环境教育的必要性及有利条件,及在县级开展环境教育的基本作法。     

海上石油平台工艺区风环境模拟及韧性评估*

为研究不同风向下海上石油平台工艺区的风场特征和系统韧性,采用Fluent软件从8种不同风向角度对海上平台工艺区风环境进行三维数值模拟,分析研究高于工艺区地面1.5,3,4.5 m水平风场风速分布特征,确定微静风区和强风速区面积,并以微静风区域占比为指标评估系统抗灾韧性。研究结果表明:风速激增区出现在障碍物前缘或侧翼;风口顺延形成强风道,风速介于1.6～3.1 m/s之间;系统韧性与微静风区占比呈现负相关,在1.5 m高度风场处,E-90°风向时微静风区域面积占比约为69%,工艺系统韧性较弱,风险较大;NW-315°风向时微静风区域面积占比约为9.6%,工艺系统韧性较强,风险较小;随着风场高度增大,各个风向系统韧性均有所提高,W-270°风向时系统韧性升幅达12.1%,N-0°风向时系统韧性升幅达12.24%。研究结果可为海上石油平台逃生路线设计、火气监控设备布置及提高平台自身抗灾韧性方面提供指导依据。     

Itaconic Acid Grafted Starch Hydrogels as Metal Remover: Capacity,Selectivity and Adsorption Kinetics

Hydrogels were synthesized by free radical graft copolymerization of itaconic acid (IA) onto corn starch (S-g-IA). For this purpose, potassium permanganate (KMnO₄)-sodium bisulfite (NaHSO₃) was used as redox initiation system. The formation of grafted starches was confirmed by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, wide angle X-ray scattering, thermogravimetric analysis and scanning electron microscopy. The effect of monomer concentration, neutralization, addition of crosslinking agent, N,N-bismetilenacrilamide (MBAm), and initiator concentration on grafting efficiency and adsorption capacity of the starch hydrogels was investigated. It was demonstrated that the introduction of carboxyl and carbonyl groups promoted starch hydration and swelling. Grafting degree increased with the decrease of monomer concentration, increase of initiator concentration, grade of neutralization and the addition of MBAm without neutralization. Remarkably the resulting materials exhibited water absorption capacities between 258 and 1878% and the ability to adsorb metal ions. It was experimentally confirmed the metal uptake, obtaining the higher adsorption capacity (q _e  = 35 mg/g) for the product prepared with the pre-oxidation and lower initiator concentration. The removal capacity order was Pb²⁺>Ni²⁺>Zn²⁺>Cd²⁺. Moreover, the experimental kinetic and the equilibrium adsorption data for Ni²⁺ and Pb²⁺ were best fitted to the pseudo-second order and Freundlich isotherm models, respectively. This work describes for the first time the preparation of metal removal hydrogels based on starch and itaconic acid using the pair redox system KMnO₄/NaHSO₃, which avoids the starch hydrolysis and allows itaconic acid grafting incorporation without the requirement of more reactive comonomers.