遂宁市主城区环境空气质量现状及原因分析研究

利用遂宁市2017年1月份4个国控环境空气自动监测数据,分析了遂宁市主城区环境空气质量现状,与整个成渝地区和周边城市的空气质量进行了横向比较,并阐述了遂宁市空气质量变化的原因.结果发现遂宁市主城区2017年1月份空气质量指数的范围为32～203,优良率为54.8％,首要污染物为PM2.5,空气质量同比下降了22.8％,环比下降了26.1％,但均显著优于成渝地区和周边城市的平均水平,并从4个方面阐述了空气质量下降的原因.最后,根据遂宁市大气污染现状,提出了4条针对性的防治措施.     

生活垃圾焚烧废气中二噁英监测采样研究

对当前国内生活垃圾焚烧废气中二噁英监测相关标准和技术规范的解读和实践操作后,认识到生活垃圾焚烧废气中二噁英监测采样的现状及不足.针对不同类型烟道,不同采样时间和不同采样时间间隔分别进行了研究.实验结果表明,同一稳定气流的排放源中,水平烟道和垂直烟道测试二噁英毒性当量排放浓度水平相当;满足监测采样量要求下,不同采样时间和采样时间间隔对二噁英监测结果并无显著差异,对此给出几点相应采样建议.     

砷-菲对蜈蚣草根部不同碳基团的影响

采用离体鲜根实验和固态13C核磁共振技术(13C-NMR)研究蜈蚣草根部对砷和菲的吸收特征及根部碳基团的影响作用.结果表明,蜈蚣草根部在无蒸腾作用的条件下能够有效地吸收砷和菲,添加菲能够促进离体鲜根对砷的吸收,添加砷也可提高菲的吸收,与对照相比,菲提高了15%~53%.蜈蚣草离体鲜根中以烷氧基C为主,羧基C比例最低,且主要为羧酸、酯和酰胺类羧基C,添加砷和菲会显著增加蜈蚣草离体鲜根中羧基C的比例.蜈蚣草离体鲜根为应对砷和菲的胁迫形成了分子结构更为稳定和复杂的芳香类有机质,从而提高离体鲜根的抗性和适应性.     

土壤重金属钝化修复剂生物炭对镉的吸附特性研究

目前以生物炭为代表的生物质对重金属的吸附表现出良好的应用前景.为确定生物炭对溶液中镉的吸附性能,选用由棉花秸秆制备的生物炭,研究吸附等温线、吸附动力学以及温度、pH和离子强度等对生物炭吸附Cd2+的影响.研究表明,生物炭对Cd2+的吸附可以用Freundlich等温线较好地拟合,在不同温度下其饱和吸附量分别为9.738 mg.g-1(288.15 K)、10.14 mg.g-1(298.15 K)、10.40 mg.g-1(308.15 K)和10.71 mg.g-1(318.15 K),热力学参数表明生物炭吸附Cd2+的过程是自发的吸热过程;吸附动力学过程符合二级动力学模型,在40 min即可达到平衡;pH对生物炭吸附Cd2+的影响较大,在pH2～8范围时,生物炭对Cd2+的吸附量随pH的增加先上升后下降;生物炭对Cd2+的吸附量随着溶液离子强度的增大呈降低趋势.该项研究可为生物炭在土壤重金属污染修复中的应用提供一定的理论基础.     

La3+掺杂对吸附相反应制备TiO2复合催化剂的结晶过程及弱紫外光下活性的影响

利用吸附相反应技术制备弱紫外光响应的高效催化剂,并通过XRD、XPS以及HRTEM探索了不同焙烧温度下La3+掺杂量对TiO2结晶过程的影响.结合弱紫外光下甲基橙的降解反应,深入研究催化剂结晶过程的变化对弱紫外光下催化剂活性的影响.结果表明,La3+掺杂会抑制TiO2的结晶过程.当焙烧温度或者掺杂量较低时,La3+不能进入TiO2的晶格结构但会轻微地抑制TiO2的结晶过程;未进入晶格结构的La3+存在会引入光生载流子的浅能级捕获中心,在弱光体系中极大提升了催化剂的活性.当La3+的掺杂量为0.05%(原子分数)时,经过900℃焙烧后催化剂降解能力最高,其活性超过商用P25的2倍多.在较高La3+掺杂量(超过0.20%)时,900℃焙烧后一定量La3+进入TiO2的晶格结构而大大抑制了TiO2结晶;这种强烈的抑制作用使得催化剂中存在大量无定形结构TiO2,无定形TiO2甚至多于700℃焙烧后的催化剂,反而大大抑制了弱光体系中催化剂活性.     

闽南城市区域空气中挥发性有机物的污染特征

采用美国EPA TO-15的方法,研究了2011年3月份闽南城市区域空气中VOCs的含量及其污染特征。结果表明:1)漳州工业区空气的VOCs浓度为200.5μg/m3,污染较为严重;厦门交通干道VOCs浓度为74.0μg/m3,泉州商住区的VOCs浓度77.1μg/m3,污染较轻。2)漳州工业区采样点TOP5占TVOCs的比例最高,达77.3%;厦门交通干道与泉州商住区两采样点的TOP5占TVOCs的比例相近,分别为64.1%和62.0%。在所有的采样点中出现的TOP5组分比较集中,主要包括甲苯、苯、二氯甲烷、异丙醇、乙酸乙酯、1,1-二氯乙烯、萘等。3)机动车尾气的排放、工业溶剂的挥发和废气排放可能是厦漳泉三地大气VOCs的主要排放源。4)厦漳泉的BTEX主要来源于汽车尾气和汽油挥发;其中厦门和泉州BTEX浓度相比较处在较低污染水平,漳州处在中等水平。     

我国工业固体废物的产生特征及控制对策

工业固体废物是固体废物的重要组成部分。根据我国最近10年发布的工业固体废物统计数据,全面分析了我国工业固体废物的产生特点,研究了工业固体废物产生量、利用量和处置量、工业固体废物区域和行业分布特点以及与工业产值的关系,并针对我国工业固体废物管理存在的问题,提出了相应的对策和建议。     

Competitive sorption between 17α-ethinyl estradiol and bisphenol A/4-n-nonylphenol by soils

The sorption of 17α-ethinyl estradiol(EE2),bisphenol A(BPA),and 4-n-nonylphenol(NP) in single systems and the sorption of EE2 with different initial aqueous concentrations of BPA or NP were examined using three soils.Results showed that all sorption isotherms were nonlinear and fit the Freundlich model.The degree of nonlinearity was in the order BPA(0.537-0.686) > EE2(0.705-0.858) > NP(0.875-0.0.951) in single systems.The isotherm linearity index of EE2 sorption calculated by the Freundlich model for Loam,Silt Loam and Silt increased from 0.758,0.705 and 0.858,to 0.889,0.910 and 0.969,respectively,when BPA concentration increased from 0 to 1000 μg/L,but the effect of NP was comparably minimal.Additionally,EE2 significantly suppressed the sorption of BPA,but insignificantly suppressed that of NP.These findings can be attributed to the difference of sorption affinity of EE2,NP and BPA on the hard carbon(e.g.,black carbon) of soil organic matter that dominated the sorption in the low equilibrium aqueous concentration range of endocrine-disrupting chemicals(EDCs).Competitive sorption among EDCs presents new challenges for predicting the transport and fate of EDCs under the influence of co-solutes.     

Differences in rheological and fractal properties of conditioned and raw sewage sludge

Rheological tests for raw and conditioned activated sludge(AS) or anaerobic digested sludge(ADS) show that power-law relationships can be used to describe the evolution of several rheological parameters,i.e.,limiting viscosity(η∞),yield stress(τy),cohesion energy of the sludge network(Ec),and storage modulus(G’),with total suspended solid(TSS) content in raw and conditioned sludge.A gel-like structure that behaves similar to weak-link flocs/aggregates was observed in AS and ADS.As derived from the double-logarithmic plots of G’-TSS content,the mass fractal dimensions of the raw and conditioned AS or ADS flocs/aggregates were 2.70 and 2.53 or 2.85 and 2.79,respectively.The rheological tests also indicate that both polymer conditioning and increased TSS content led to improved elastic behavior,cohesion energy,and yield stress of the sludge network,as well as expanded the corresponding linear viscoelastic range.The porosity of AS or ADS flocs/aggregates will be improved by polymer conditioning.     

Enhanced photocatalytic activity of quantum-dot-sensitized one-dimensionally-ordered ZnO nanorod photocatalyst

An efficient photocatalyst was fabricated by assembling quantum dots （QDs） onto one-dimensionally-ordered ZnO nanorods, and the photocatalytic properties for Methyl Orange degradation were investigated by scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction, UV-Vis-NIR absorption spectroscopy and photoluminescence. The results indicate that the catalyst with assembled QDs is more favorable for the degradation than the pristine ZnO nanorods. The QDs with core-shell structure lower the photocatalytic ability due to the higher carder transport barrier of the ZnS shell layer. Besides its degradation efficiency, the photocatalyst has several advantages given that the one-dimensionally-ordered ZnO nanorods have been grown directly on indium tin oxide substrates. The article provides a new method to design an effective and easily recyclable photocatalyst.