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221.
为研究氟橡胶O形圈在集输油环境中的老化行为特征,以长庆油田使用的氟橡胶O形圈(位于非金属复合管连接接头处)为研究对象,采用宏观与微观相结合的方法,通过挂片实验分析氟橡胶O形圈在不同介质(采出油,采出水)、温度(25,50 ℃)、压力条件(0.1,4,6 MPa)下老化后的形貌、质量、拉伸性能及硬度。结果表明:采出油、采出水均能引起O形圈发生溶胀,从而降低O形圈的强度、韧性、硬度;采出水引起的溶胀显著高于采出油更易导致O形圈表面产生坑洞缺陷;渗透速率随温度升高而急剧增加,压力对渗透速率的影响不明显;硬度降低较小,最大降幅为4.17%。结合现场服役813 d的密封圈SEM形貌,证实集输介质渗透会引起氟橡胶圈溶胀、导致表面产生坑洞等缺陷。 相似文献
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Pang Wancheng Hou Dejia Nowar Elhosseny E. Chen Huanchun Zhang Jibin Zhang Guoping Li Qing Wang Shucai 《Environmental science and pollution research international》2020,27(34):42767-42777
Environmental Science and Pollution Research - Currently, sustainable utilization, including recycling and valorization, is becoming increasingly popular in waste management. Black soldier fly... 相似文献
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The annual relative mass of storage organs cycle of Bufo gargarizans in southwestern China was studied from December 2005 to November 2006. We described how those organs changed in response to extreme temperatures. Energy reservation dropped to the lowest levels after dormancy for both sexes, and then increased for period of 4.25 month. However, the mass of these organs dropped again rapidly until August (liver) and September (fat bodies) due to the constraint from extreme high temperature occurred during the summer, and then non-significantly increased before hibernation. For ovaries, varied with a different profile to those of liver and fat bodies have a resting period of four months. In addition, the toads’ ovaries kept growing when the mass of liver and fat bodies declining accordingly during hibernation. Therefore, ovarian mass increased during the hibernation and non-hibernation period. 相似文献
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With the environmental carrying capacity reaching its limits and the decreasing margin benefits of traditional production factors, the green transformation and green development through technological innovations has been a major direction for the future development of Chinese industries. However, the characteristics and heterogeneities of various types of industries call for different approaches regarding technological innovations. How to choose the most effective mode of technological innovation according to the characteristics of a certain industry has been a key issue. This paper measures the green total factor productivity of 32 industrial trades using the Slacks Based Measure(SBM)-DDF method. The effects of three innovation modes in the green transformation of industrial industry, including the independent innovation(Ⅱ), the technology introduction(TI), and the government support(GS), are empirically analyzed based on industry heterogeneity. Results indicate that the green total factor productivities of different industries show significant differences if taking into account the energy input and the undesirable output of pollutant emissions. The green total factor productivities of traditional high input,high pollution, and high energy consumption industrial trades were significantly lower than those with obvious green features. The year of 2009 is a leap year for the industrial green transformation in China. For resource-intensive industries, the II and the GS are the important ways to achieve green transformation. For labor-intensive industries, the TI is the best path to achieve green transformation, while for technology-intensive industries, the II is the primary driving force for the promotion of green developments. In addition, the innovation-compensating effect of the current Chinese environmental regulations to the resource-intensive industries has been revealed. Improving the overall scale and the industrial concentration of the industries is also beneficial for the green transformation of the industries. 相似文献
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生物难降解有机污染物的治理对策 总被引:11,自引:0,他引:11
针对废水中难降解化学合成有机污染物的种类和数量不断增加,生物处理出水达标困难的现状,总结了国内外的经验和研究成果,对现有处理装置改造提出了若干建议,并介绍了几种国外废水处理新技术。 相似文献