Distribution and sources of mercury in soils from former industrialized urban areas of Beijing, China

Fifty-seven typical surface soils and 108 deeper soils were collected from five former industrial sites in Beijing and concentrations of total Hg (SigmaHg) as well as pH, total carbon (TC), total nitrogen (TN), total sulfur, and dissolved organic carbon concentrations determined. The mean concentration of SigmaHg in surface soils was significantly greater than background concentrations in the vicinity of Beijing. Forty-eight percent of the samples exceeded the "critical" concentration of 1.0 mg Hg/kg, dry weight in soils, which has been established by the Chinese government. At depths of 0-80 cm in the soil, profile concentrations of SigmaHg also exceeded the background value. There were significant correlations between concentrations of SigmaHg, TC, and TN in the industrial soils. The greater concentration of SigmaHg in most soils could have been due in part to combustion of coal and leakage from industrial processes.     

从稠油罐底泥中回收矿物油

为了回收稠油罐底泥（简称油泥）中的矿物油并提高油泥焚烧系统的处理能力,分析了辽河油泥的特点,对比传统油泥处理方法的优劣,提出了溶剂萃取-离心分离-稠油热废水洗涤-离心分离技术回收矿物油的工艺路线。实验结果表明：该工艺可回收92．07％的矿物油和56．85％的热能;残渣中矿物油的质量分数小于等于2．00％,热值大于等于5000kJ／kg,不需添加辅助燃料即可焚烧处理。     

马尔科夫链在环境质量预测中的应用

鉴于目前环境质量预测在理论方法和实践经验上的缺乏,把马尔科夫链引入环境质量的预测中,将各种污染物的浓度变化过程视作马尔科夫过程,通过预测各种污染物的污染负荷系数来推知其浓度值。实例中通过多元回归分析计算出马尔科夫转移矩阵,以2005年辽宁省5种大气污染物的污染负荷系数作为初始向量,预测了今后5年的变化。然后利用GM(1,1)模型预测出降尘的具体浓度值,由此计算出了2006-2010年辽宁省5种污染物的浓度值。     

建立环境风险防范体系加强对环境风险的管理

阐明了环境风险管理的必要性,提出了环境风险管理的对策和措施。同时,结合当前环境突发事件应急预案编制存在的主要问题,提出了浙江省规范环境突发事件应急预案编制的建议。     

Heterotrophic flagellates from the water column in Shark Bay, Western Australia

The diversity of heterotrophic flagellates in the water column at Denham, in Shark Bay, Western Australia, was examined in April 1995 by observations of living cells in freshly collected samples, and in enrichment cultures. Observations were also made of cells on whole-mount preparations, using light and electron microscopy. A total of 41 species are described, drawn from the apusomonads, cercomonads, choanoflagellates, cryptomonads, euglenids, heteroloboseids, stramenopiles and groups of uncertain taxonomic affinities (Protista incertae sedis). A new species, Percolomonas denhami, is described and assigned to the Heterolobosea. Three-quarters of the species seen have not previously been reported from southern sub-tropical regions. The biogeography of the species seen in Western Australia is discussed with reference to studies in other localities. It appears that many heterotrophic flagellates have a cosmopolitan distribution. Received: 11 June 1996 / Accepted: 13 December 1996     

灰色GM(1,2,M,N)在地面沉降预测中的应用

通过分析地面沉降过程与地下水开采量之间可能存在的时滞性以及非线性关系,将原有的灰色GM(1,2)模型改进为灰色GM(1,2,M,N)模型。通过对天津市塘沽、汉沽以及大港三区的沉降实例进行计算,发现新的模型能够较好地拟合和预测历史沉降过程,并且预测结果合理。     

我国劳动保护产业发展对策研究

劳动保护作为职业安全健康的重要领域 ,对劳动者及相关人员的安全具有积极的促进作用 ,由于劳动保护产业市场化不足 ,整体产业缺乏战略发展规划 ,现有产业发展已跟不上现代社会需求变化的步伐。笔者通过对劳动保护产业宏观环境及产业竞争力的分析 ,揭示了目前该产业发展过程中面临的困难和瓶颈 ;建议在政府积极引导的基础上 ,走市场化道路 ;通过加强安全文化建设、吸取SARS的教训、利用WTO及奥运会等事件的严峻挑战和大好机遇。     

Questionable accountability: MSF and Sphere in 2003

This article examines the relationship between Médecins Sans Frontières (MSF) and the Sphere Project. Prior to revisiting the concerns MSF had with the project, it looks at factors that give rise to differences between NGOs and cites some reasons for why an organisation such as MSF would not embrace such a project and clarifies some key elements of MSF-style humanitarianism. The author revisits the original concerns and arguments presented by MSF when it decided not to participate beyond assisting with the establishment of technical standards and key indicators for the handbook. This is followed by a critical discussion examining these concerns and counter-criticism with reference to experiences a few years after the inception of Sphere. It concludes with MSF's perceptions and stance regarding Sphere and accountability in 2003.     

固定化细胞膜的制备及其特性研究

以聚乙烯醇(PVA)为载体混合固定硝化菌和反硝化菌,采用循环冷冻-解冻的方法制备 固定化细胞膜,研究了载体浓度、冷冻-解冻次数对PVA膜机械强度、底物在膜中的扩散系数 和固定化细胞活力的影响.同时设计了一种与固定化细胞膜相配套的新型生物脱氮反应器,考 察了固定化细胞膜的操作稳定性.结果表明,浓度为13%～15%(w/w)的PVA,循环冷冻-解冻5次左 右,制得的PVA膜具有较高的机械强度,并且所得固定化细胞的活性亦较高.15%的PVA经过5次 冷冻-解冻制成的膜,可以承受的最大拉伸应力为1.52MPa,氨氮在其中的扩散系数为0.75×10 ^-9m²/s. 运行2个月固定化细胞的活性没有下降,固定化细胞膜亦未出现溶胀或变形.