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排序方式: 共有162条查询结果,搜索用时 15 毫秒
91.
Leal Filho Walter Price Elizabeth Wall Tony Shiel Chris Azeiteiro Ulisses M. Mifsud Mark Brandli Luciana Farinha Carla Sofia Caeiro Sandra Salvia Amanda Lange Vasconcelos Claudio Ruy de Sousa Luiza Olim Pace Paul Doni Federica Veiga Avila Lucas Fritzen Bárbara LeVasseur Todd Jared 《Environment, Development and Sustainability》2021,23(8):11257-11278
Environment, Development and Sustainability - The COVID-19 pandemic has caused a global crisis, one which also influences the ways sustainability is being taught at universities. This paper... 相似文献
92.
Marked interindividual variation in metabolic rate suggests considerable complexity in energy management strategies, but attempts to further our understanding of the relationship between resting metabolic rate (RMR), daily energy expenditure (DEE), and reproductive effort have been hampered by the complexity of studying this system in the field. Here, we describe energy management strategies in a captive-breeding system, using Zebra Finches (Taeniopygia guttata), to demonstrate the high level of complexity and interindividual variability in energy expenditure, food intake, locomotor activity, and reproductive effort. In particular, we investigated whether the increase in RMR associated with egg production is additive, resulting in higher DEE and a need for elevated food intake, or whether this cost is compensated by reduced expenditure in nonreproductive components of the energy budget. We found high levels of intra-individual variation in energy expenditure associated with egg production in female Zebra Finches, e.g., comparing nonbreeding stage with the one-egg stage, change in RMR varied from 4.0% and 41.3%, and change in DEE varied from -33.3% to +46.4%. This variation was systematically related to aspects of locomotor activity and reproductive effort. Females with the largest increase in RMR during egg production decreased locomotor activity the most but still had increased DEE at the one-egg stage, and females with high DEE at the one-egg stage produced larger clutches. Our study suggests that females minimize increases in DEE during egg production through behavioral energy reallocation (reduced locomotor activity) but that individuals differ in their use of this strategy, which, in turn, is related to the absolute level of reproductive investment. This suggests a very complex, individually variable system of energy management to meet the demands of egg production. 相似文献
93.
Tony Pereira 《Environment, Development and Sustainability》2012,14(2):273-281
This paper explores issues that are central to ecological economics. In spite of a substantial body of research and other
literature that has appeared in recent decades on transition, and countless other efforts, no progress has been made to halt
the increase in global warming, global emissions, rampant population growth, or several hundred other critical planet sustainability
indicators including global species extinction. The opposite is true. Consumption has escalated and it is poised to double
and, with it, planetary decay has followed closely. The aim of this work is to introduce a pragmatic solution and the economics
mechanisms solidly rooted in science, in the laws of conservation of mass and energy, and in environmental and ecological
sustainability that are necessary to overcome the tremendous forces of social, political, and economic resistance to major
change. To advance towards a sustainable civilization, adopting a holistic approach with those underlying principles in all
aspects of human activity, among others economy, finance, industry, commerce, engineering, politics, architecture, and education,
is both lacking and fundamentally required. A short review of the state-of-the-art of the science on the critical status of
the planet’s resources and its life-supporting systems is presented, as well as a brief catalog of the seminal works of the
science that gave rise to its metrics and established early on the groundwork for the understanding of the degree of sustainability
of the planet. We present the argument why past and current schemes of human economics, organization, culture, and politics
cannot achieve anything else, but complete and utter failure under their own underlying precepts. A rigorous and disciplined
process on how to overcome and avoid the precipitous decline and collapse of the environmental and planetary biosystems on
which all life depends, including human life, and a new view towards the world and the universe we all have no choice but
to live in, are also offered. 相似文献
94.
Hoffman Emma Guernsey Judith R. Walker Tony R. Kim Jong Sung Sherren Kate Andreou Pantelis 《Environmental science and pollution research international》2017,24(25):20685-20698
Environmental Science and Pollution Research - Air toxics are airborne pollutants known or suspected to cause cancer or other serious health effects, including certain volatile organic compounds... 相似文献
95.
Poverty, hunger and demand for agricultural land have driven local communities to overexploit forest resources throughout
Ethiopia. Forests surrounding the township of Humbo were largely destroyed by the late 1960s. In 2004, World Vision Australia
and World Vision Ethiopia identified forestry-based carbon sequestration as a potential means to stimulate community development
while engaging in environmental restoration. After two years of consultation, planning and negotiations, the Humbo Community-based
Natural Regeneration Project began implementation—the Ethiopian organization’s first carbon sequestration initiative. The
Humbo Project assists communities affected by environmental degradation including loss of biodiversity, soil erosion and flooding
with an opportunity to benefit from carbon markets while reducing poverty and restoring the local agroecosystem. Involving
the regeneration of 2,728 ha of degraded native forests, it brings social, economic and ecological benefits—facilitating adaptation
to a changing climate and generating temporary certified emissions reductions (tCERs) under the Clean Development Mechanism.
A key feature of the project has been facilitating communities to embrace new techniques and take responsibility for large-scale
environmental change, most importantly involving Farmer Managed Natural Regeneration (FMNR). This technique is low-cost, replicable,
and provides direct benefits within a short time. Communities were able to harvest fodder and firewood within a year of project
initiation and wild fruits and other non-timber forest products within three years. Farmers are using agroforestry for both
environmental restoration and income generation. Establishment of user rights and local cooperatives has generated community
ownership and enthusiasm for this project—empowering the community to more sustainably manage their communal lands. 相似文献
96.
Davidson Kirklyn B. Holmes Baillie E. J. Spooner Ian S. Dunnington Dewey W. Walker Tony R. Lake Craig B. Su Chih-Chieh 《Environmental science and pollution research international》2021,28(37):51342-51355
Environmental Science and Pollution Research - The paleolimnological method was used to decouple geogenic and anthropogenic metal (loids) contributions in a sediment stabilization basin (Boat... 相似文献
97.
Future climate change directly impacts crop agriculture by altering temperature and precipitation regimes, crop yields, crop
enterprise net returns, and net farm income. Most previous studies assess the potential impacts of agricultural adaptation
to climate change on crop yields. This study attempts to evaluate the potential impacts of crop producers’ adaptation to future
climate change on crop yield, crop enterprise net returns, and net farm income in Flathead Valley, Montana, USA. Crop enterprises
refer to the combinations of inputs (e.g., land, labor, and capital) and field operations used to produce a crop. Two crop
enterprise adaptations are evaluated: flexible scheduling of field operations; and crop irrigation. All crop yields are simulated
using the Environmental Policy Integrated Climate (EPIC) model. Net farm income is assessed for small and large representative
farms and two soils in the study area. Results show that average crop yields in the future period (2006–2050) without adaptation
are between 7% and 48% lower than in the historical period (1960–2005). Flexible scheduling of the operations used in crop
enterprises does not appear to be an economically efficient form of crop enterprise adaptation because it does not improve
crop yields and crop enterprise net returns in the future period. With irrigation, crop yields are generally higher for all
crop enterprises and crop enterprise net returns increase for the canola and alfalfa enterprises but decrease for all other
assessed crop enterprises relative to no adaptation. Overall, average crop enterprise net return in the future period is 45%
lower with than without irrigation. Net farm income decreases for both the large and small representative farms with both
flexible scheduling and irrigation. Results indicate that flexible scheduling and irrigation adaptation are unlikely to reduce
the potential adverse economic impacts of climate change on crop producers in Montana’s Flathead Valley. 相似文献
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