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Curvemysella paula is a markedly crescent-shaped bivalve that lives inside snail shells occupied by hermit crabs. Here, we describe the unique
symbiotic life, growth pattern, and reproductive biology of this bivalve, based on specimens collected from the shallow, muddy
bottom of the Seto Inland Sea, Japan. C. paula was found attached to columellae in the siphonal canal, mainly of nassariid snail shells occupied by two types of hermit
crabs: Diogenes edwardsii (Diogenidae) and Spiropagurus spiriger (Paguridae). The crescent-shaped shell of C. paula is an adaptation to symbiotic life in the narrow interspace between the snail shell and the hermit-crab abdomen. C. paula is a protandric hermaphrodite. In our samples, each host snail shell harbored one (or rarely a few) large female and several
males. All the female bivalves settled on the host shells with their anterior end facing outward and benefited from currents
created by the hermit crab when feeding. In the muddy bottom, snail shells are a limited resource for both the hermit crabs
and symbiotic bivalves. The bivalves benefit from the mobility of the hermit crabs, which prevent the shells from becoming
buried in the mud. C. paula represents the only example of obligate commensalism with hermit crabs found in Bivalvia. 相似文献
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Tomoaki Tsutsumi Toshihiko Yanagi Munetomo Nakamura Yoichi Kono Hiroyasu Uchibe Takao Iida Tsuguhide Hori Reiko Nakagawa Kazuhiro Tobiishi Rieko Matsuda Kumiko Sasaki Masatake Toyoda 《Chemosphere》2001,45(8):1129-1137
Total diet study (TDS) samples of 14 food groups from 16 locations in Japan, collected in 1999 and 2000, were analyzed for polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins (PCDDs), dibenzofurans (PCDFs), and dioxin-like polychlorinated biphenyls (dioxin-like PCBs) to estimate the update of daily intake of these contaminants from food. The mean daily intake of toxic equivalency (TEQ) for an adult weighing 50 kg, calculated at non-detected isomer concentrations equal to zero (ND=0), was estimated to be 2.25 pg TEQ/kg b.w./day. When non-detected isomer concentrations are assumed to be equal to half of the limits of detection (ND=1/2 LOD), the mean daily intake was estimated to be 3.22 pg TEQ/kg b.w./day. These values were below the tolerable daily intake (TDI) of 4 pg TEQ/kg b.w. for PCDD/Fs and dioxin-like PCBs set in Japan. In both the estimates, the mean daily intakes were highest from fish and shellfish (76.9% at ND=0 and 53.9% at ND=1/2 LOD of the total TEQs), followed by those from meat and eggs (15.5% at ND=0 and 11.7% at ND=1/2 LOD of the total TEQs). Congener specific data revealed that these total TEQ levels were dominated by 1,2,3,7,8-PeCDD, 2,3,4,7,8-PeCDF and 3,3′,4,4′,5-PeCB in each case (71.7% at ND=0 and 63.1% at ND=1/2 LOD of the total TEQs). The dioxin-like PCBs (non-ortho and mono-ortho PCBs) accounted for about 50% of these total TEQs. These data will be very useful in the risk assessment of PCDD/Fs and dioxin-like PCBs from food in Japan. 相似文献
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Sang-Yul Kim Nobutoshi Tanaka Toshihiko Matsuto Yasumasa Tojo 《Waste management & research》2005,23(3):220-229
Two new pre-treatment methods (water-washing/carbonation and carbonation/phosphate stabilization) of municipal solid waste (MSW) incinerator residues were evaluated by column leaching tests under aerobic conditions and anaerobic conditions (which were changed to aerobic conditions after 10 months). A mixture of bottom ash and fly ash (5:1 ratio) was pre-treated using each method. Shredded incombustible residues (SIR) were added to each ash preparation in proportions similar to the ratios present in landfills. For comparison, landfill wastes typical of Japan, namely, a mixture of bottom ash, chelating-pre-treated fly ash, and SIR, were also examined. Leachate samples were collected periodically and analysed over a 15-month period. When compared with chelating pretreatment, both water-washing/carbonation and carbonation/ phosphate stabilization reduced the leaching of Pb, Al, and Cu by about one to two orders of magnitude. Moreover, the initial concentrations of Ca and Pb in leachates from column of water-washing/carbonation were 56-57% and 84-96% less than those from the column of carbonation/phosphate stabilization. Therefore, water-washing/carbonation was considered to be a promising approach to obtain early waste stabilization and to reduce the release of heavy metals to near-negligible levels. The leaching behaviour of elements was also discussed. 相似文献
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Mitsuru Sasaki Kana Yamamoto Motonobu Goto 《Journal of Material Cycles and Waste Management》2007,9(1):40-46
In this study, hydrothermal electrolysis experiments using glucose (a biorelated substance) as a starting material were carried
out using a specially designed autoclave at 250°C. We could understand the fundamental reaction behavior of glucose under
these conditions through various kinds of experiments and product analyses. Another series of experiments using pressurized
CO2 as an electrolyte was conducted to discover whether it is possible to use CO2 as an alternative electrolyte to the conventional KCl electrolyte, with a view to lowering the environmental impact of the
process. It was found that pressurized CO2 was useful as an environmentally friendly electrolyte, although there were still some problems in terms of the reaction efficiency. 相似文献
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Dr Haruo Takabayashi Soryu Kuwabara Toshihiko Ukita Kazumi Ikawa Kaoru Yamafuji Tatsuhiro Igaras 《黑龙江环境通报》1995,15(1):74-77
Several attempts have been made to detect and retrieve fetal nucleated cells including nucleated erythrocytes (NRBCs), leukocytes, and trophoblasts in maternal blood. We have recently developed a new method for non-invasive fetal DNA diagnosis from maternal blood. Peripheral blood granulocytes including NRBCs were isolated by a discontinuous density gradient method using Percoll (Pharmasia). NRBCs were found and retrieved at a single cell level using a micromanipulator under a microscope. To determine whether the origin of the NRBCs was maternal or fetal, the NRBCs were analysed by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) amplification to determine the presence of a Y-chromosome-specific repeat sequence in mothers carrying male fetuses. We were successful in predicting fetal sex accurately in 10 out of 11 samples taken from maternal blood. This new technique opens up fetal DNA diagnosis from maternal blood during the first trimester of pregnancy to the whole population because there is no risk to the fetus or the mother. 相似文献
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