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81.
Contreras L Medina MH Andrade S Oppliger V Correa JA 《Environmental pollution (Barking, Essex : 1987)》2007,145(1):75-83
Copper effects on the early developmental gametophytic and sporophytic stages of the kelp Lessonia nigrescens were tested in gradients of increasing concentrations of ASV-labile copper. The results demonstrated a high sensitivity to copper of all life-history stages of the alga, where even the lowest tested concentration affected spore release as well as their subsequent settlement. More significant, concentrations higher than 7.87 microg L(-1) totally interrupted the development of the spores after they settle. This effect led to a failure in the formation of male and female gametophytes and, as a consequence, to a complete disruption of the normal life cycle of the kelp. Thus, we suggest that the absence of L. nigrescens from copper-enriched environments results from the high sensitivity of its early life cycle stages, which limits growth and maturation of the gametophytic microscopic phase and, as a consequence, prevents development of the macroscopic sporophytic phase. 相似文献
82.
Mapping and quantifying habitat fragmentation in small coastal areas: a case study of three protected wetlands in Apulia (Italy) 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
In the Mediterranean Region, habitat loss and fragmentation severely affect coastal wetlands, due to the rapid expansion of
anthropogenic activities that has occurred in the last decades. Landscape metrics are commonly used to define landscape patterns
and to evaluate fragmentation processes. This investigation focuses on the performance of a set of landscape pattern indices
within landscapes characterized by coastal environments and extent below 1,000 ha. The aim is to assess the degree of habitat
fragmentation for the monitoring of protected areas and to learn whether values of landscape metrics can characterize fine-resolution
landscape patterns. The study areas are three coastal wetlands belonging to the Natura 2000 network and sited on the Adriatic
side of Apulia (Southern Italy). The Habitat Maps were derived from the Vegetation Maps generated integrating phytosociological
relevés and Earth Observation data. In the three sites, a total of 16 habitat types were detected. A selected set of landscape
metrics was applied in order to investigate their performance in assessing fragmentation and spatial patterns of habitats.
The final results showed that the most significant landscape patterns are related to highly specialized habitat types closely
linked to coastal environments. In interpreting the landscape patterns of these highly specialized habitats, some specific
ecological factors were taken into account. The shape indices were the most useful in assessing the degree of fragmentation
of habitat types that usually have elongated morphology along the shoreline or the coastal lagoons. In all the cases, to be
meaningful, data obtained from the application of the selected indices were jointly assessed, especially at the class level. 相似文献
83.
Valeria A. Guinder Cecilia A. Popovich Juan Carlos Molinero Gerardo M. E. Perillo 《Marine Biology》2010,157(12):2703-2716
The phytoplankton of the Bahía Blanca Estuary, Argentina, has been surveyed since 1978. Chlorophyll a, phytoplankton abundance, species composition and physico-chemical variables have been fortnightly recorded. From 1978 to
2002, a single winter–early spring diatom bloom has dominated the main pattern of phytoplankton interannual variability. Such
pattern showed noticeable changes since 2006: the absence of the typical winter bloom and changes in phenology, together with
the replacement of the dominant blooming species, i.e. Thalassiosira curviseriata, and the appearance of different blooming species, i.e. Cyclotella sp. and Thalassiosira minima. The new pattern showed relatively short-lived diatom blooms that spread throughout the year. In addition, shifts in the
phytoplankton size structure toward small-sized diatoms, including the replacement of relatively large Thalassiosira spp. by small Cyclotella species and Chaetoceros species have been noticed. The changes in the phenology and composition of the phytoplankton are mainly attributed to warmer
winters and the extremely dry weather conditions evidenced in recent years in the Bahía Blanca area. Changing climate has
modified the hydrological features in the inner part of the estuary (i.e. higher temperatures and salinities) and potentially
triggered the reorganization of the phytoplankton community. This long-term study provides evidence on species-specific and
structural changes at the bottom of the pelagic food web likely related to the recent hydroclimatic conditions in a temperature
estuary of the southwestern Atlantic. 相似文献
84.
David A. Rubinos Valeria Calvo Luz Iglesias María Teresa Barral 《Environmental science and pollution research international》2014,21(14):8631-8644
In this study, we investigated the effect of some potential alleviative compounds against the acute toxicity of arsenic (AsV, AsIII and DMAV) on Aliivibrio fischeri (formerly Vibrio fischeri), a bioluminescent model bacterium, through the Microtox® bioassay. The compounds studied differed in their mechanism of action, and they included the following: phosphate and glycerol, as chemical analogues (and potential competitors) of AsV or AsIII, respectively; citrate, a weak natural organic ligand; and the antioxidant ascorbic acid. Special attention was paid to phosphate effects, a widespread pollutant in natural environments. AsV was found to be more acutely toxic than AsIII to A. fischeri, in accordance with its higher interaction with the bacteria. Both AsV and AsIII were found to be much more acutely toxic than DMAV, which was essentially non-acutely toxic even at very high concentrations. Phosphate presence (at equimolar P/As ratios or higher) resulted in the almost total suppression of bioluminescence inhibition, suggesting it exerts an alleviative effect against AsV acute toxicity on A. fischeri. Interestingly, the uptake and the percentage of extracellular AsV were not affected by the addition of phosphate, suggesting that such protective effect does not result from the competition for their common transporters. In contrast, the acute toxicity of AsIII was essentially unaffected by phosphate. Glycerol did not decrease the acute toxicity or the uptake of AsIII by A. fischeri, denoting the likely occurrence of an additional mechanism for AsIII uptake in such bacteria. Similarly, citrate and ascorbic acid essentially did not caused alleviation of AsV or AsIII acute toxicity. As for environmental and operational implications, P could beneficially protect aquatic microorganisms against acute detrimental effects of AsV, whilst its presence could mask the toxicity due to AsV when assessed using the Microtox® bioassay, thus leading to seriously underestimate the actual ecological and health risks. 相似文献
85.
Valeria Mezzanotte Nadia Prato Sergio Sgorbati Sandra Citterio 《Water environment research》2004,76(5):463-467
Microbial populations were studied by plate counts and flow cytometry along the polishing sequence of a wastewater plant. The comparison between plate count and flow cytometry showed comparable trends, but plate counts detected less than 10% of the total intact bacteria counted by flow cytometry. Six months monitoring showed that, in spite of the high ozone doses, the disinfection effect of ozonation was insignificant. This is in agreement with the variability of ozone demand, not only related to chemical oxygen demand or total suspended solids. Membrane-intact bacterial population decreased after ozonation, slightly regrew between ozone and biological activated carbon (BAC), and sharply increased after BAC, probably for damaged bacteria regrowth and saprophytes release; BAC effluent had the highest bacterial counts. Preliminary investigations on the effluent microbial composition showed that the beta Proteobacteria subclass is the most represented in the BAC effluent, whereas the alpha subclass is the most sensitive to ozone effect. 相似文献
86.
Complex mixtures of toxic substances occurring in surface waters are difficult to characterise by chemical analyses because each compound occurs at a very low concentration and requires a specific analytical method to be identified. Ecotoxicological tests on water extracts can be used as a screening tool to evaluate quickly and simply the overall quality of a water body with regard to micropollutant contamination. In this work, a pre-concentration procedure based on solid-phase extraction (SPE), suitable for both biological testing and analytical determination, is proposed. The extraction procedure is an improved version of a methodology used to evaluate the toxicity of organic micropollutants occurring in surface waters. It offers the advantage of using disposable commercial cartridges, which are easier to manage than the columns prepared with macromolecular resins. Water extracts from two representative Italian rivers, characterised by a different gradient of potential contamination and prepared according to the new concentration techniques, are used. The acute toxicity of the water extracts is tested on Daphnia magna and the bioluminescence inhibition in Vibrio fischeri. Criteria based on the concentration factor (CF) are proposed for assessing the hazard to aquatic life due to the exposure to toxic substances in surface waters. The aim of hazard ranking is to focus analytical efforts towards those samples that show the highest toxic potential. 相似文献
87.
Valeria Di Cosmo Marie Hyland 《Journal of Environmental Planning and Management》2015,58(12):2176-2192
We use data from the World Input-Output Database to examine channels through which CO2 emissions are embodied within, and imported into, the European production in 2005 and in 2009. We use an input–output price model to simulate the effect that a rise in the price of emissions trading system (ETS) allowances would have on the final price of goods. We find a reduction in emission intensity, which was greatest in those sectors regulated under ETS. Finally we examine the trade between China and the EU to study possible increases in carbon leakage. Results show that emissions embodied in imported intermediate goods have increased in all sectors. 相似文献
88.
Ernesto Salzano Francesco Cammarota Almerinda Di Benedetto Valeria Di Sarli 《Journal of Loss Prevention in the Process Industries》2012,25(3):443-447
The effects of enriching natural gas with hydrogen on local flame extinction, combustion instabilities and power output have been widely studied for both stationary and mobile systems. On the contrary, the issues of explosion safety for hydrogen–methane mixtures are still under investigation.In this work, experimental tests were performed in a 5 L closed cylindrical vessel for explosions of hydrogen–methane mixtures in stoichiometric air. Different compositions of hydrogen–methane were tested (from pure methane to pure hydrogen) at varying initial pressures (1, 3 and 6 bar).Results have allowed the quantification of the combined effects of both mixture composition (i.e., hydrogen content in the fuel) and initial pressure on maximum pressure, maximum rate of pressure rise and burning velocity. The measured burning velocities were also correlated by means of a Le Chatelier’s Rule-like formula. Good predictions have been obtained (at any initial pressure), except for mixtures with hydrogen molar content in the fuel higher than 50%. 相似文献
89.
90.