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61.
Radić Danka S. Pavlović Vera P. Lazović Milana M. Jovičić-Petrović Jelena P. Karličić Vera M. Lalević Blažo T. Raičević Vera B. 《Environmental science and pollution research international》2017,24(27):21885-21893
Environmental Science and Pollution Research - Modern, efficient, and cost-effective approach to remediation of heavy metal-contaminated soil is based on the application of microorganisms. In this... 相似文献
62.
63.
Vera A. Matrosova Ilya A. Volodin Elena V. Volodina Nina A. Vasilieva 《Die Naturwissenschaften》2010,97(8):707-715
The questions of individuality and stability of cues to identity in vocal signals are of considerable importance from theoretical
and conservation perspectives. While individuality in alarm calls has been reported for many sciurids, it is not well-documented
that the vocal identity encoded in the alarm calls is stable between different encounters with predators. Previous studies
of two obligate hibernating rodents, speckled ground squirrels Spermophilus suslicus, and yellow ground squirrels Spermophilus fulvus demonstrated that, after hibernation, most individuals could not be identified reliably by their alarm calls. Moreover, in
most speckled ground squirrels, individual patterns of alarm calls changed progressively over as little as 2 weeks. However,
these previous data have been obtained using the collection of alarm calls from trapped animals. Here, we examined ten free-ranging
dye-marked yellow ground squirrels to determine whether their alarm calls retain the cues to individuality between two encounters
of surrogate predators (humans), separated on average by 3 days. Discriminant function analysis showed that the alarm calls
of individual yellow ground squirrels were very similar within a recording session, providing very high individual distinctiveness.
However, in six of the ten animals, the alarm calls were unstable between recording sessions. Also, we examined ten dye-marked
individuals for consistency of acoustic characteristics of their alarm calls between the encounters of humans, differing in
techniques of call collection, from free-ranging vs trapped animals. We found differences only in two variables, both related
to sound degradation in the environment. Data are discussed in relation to hypotheses explaining the adaptive utility of acoustic
individuality in alarm calls. 相似文献
64.
Robson R. M. Barizon Ricardo de Oliveira Figueiredo Débora Renata Cassoli de Souza Dutra Jussara Borges Regitano Vera Lúcia Ferracini 《Journal of environmental science and health. Part. B》2020,55(3):283-292
AbstractCamanducaia River is part of the Piracicaba watershed responsible for pumping water into the Cantareira System, which is one of the main water sources for the metropolis of São Paulo and Campinas, Brazil. Intensive use of pesticides and hilly topography represents a situation of high risk for river water contamination. Therefore, water samples from 12 locations were collected along the Camanducaia River and its tributaries, over a period of 4?mo during the rainy season, and analyzed by GC-MS/MS or UPLC- MS/MS for the presence of 46 pesticides. Seven pesticides (fipronil, methyl parathion, metolachlor, atrazine, carbofuran, diuron, and simazine) were positively detected. Only atrazine (the most frequently detected) and diuron were present at concentrations above the limit of quantification of the analytical method (0.32 and 0.57?μg L?1 for atrazine and diuron, respectively). Pesticides detection frequency was higher than expected for a river system where only 11.8% of the land area is under agriculture. The vulnerability of the Camanducaia basin to pesticide contamination is attributed to the high annual precipitation (> 1.5?m y?1 in the headwaters), associated with topographical features (steep terrain) and soil types that favor surface runoff, which has been exacerbated by poor soil management practices. 相似文献
65.
Wilhelm-Günther Vahrson Frank Dreger Vera Luthardt 《Environmental Sciences Europe》2000,12(6):362-372
For the two biosphere-reserves of Schorfheide-Chorin and Spreewald in the Federal State of Brandenburg, Germany, we designed a concept for a monitoring program of ecosystems which is feasible and inexpensive, and whose methodical development is transferable to other large-scale protected areas. Beside the statistical analysis of hard GIS data, we systematically used additional criteria such as naturalness, scarcity and special management, a based on expert knowledge. Thus, after an inventory of the existing ecosystems, we selected the ecosystems to be monitored from the different ecosystem groups (i.e. woods and forests, fens, lakes, rivers, arable land and grasslands) based on the following four criteria:
- dominance,
- naturalness,
- nation-wide scarcity and
- special management.
66.
Juvenoids are efficient pesticides with relatively low toxicity to humans. However, few studies have evaluated the effect of degradation by soil microorganisms on their toxicity. The effects of bacterial, fungal and yeast isolates on aerobic decomposition of ethyl N-[2-[4-(2,2-ethylenedioxy-1-cyclohexylmethyl)phenoxy]ethyl] carbamate during eight weeks were determined. The effect of different concentration of glucose on their degradation activity is also analyzed. 相似文献
67.
Five different assays, Gibbs, Prussian Blue, Folin-Ciocalteau, fluorescence quenching of added phenol and precipitation of phenolics with bovine serum albumin (BSA) were investigated for their suitability in measuring the phenolic content of freshwaters. Phenol and a hydrolysable tannic acid were used as standards for monophenolics and polyphenolics, respectively. The individual and simultaneous application of both standards in doubly distilled water and filtered freshwater samples showed no matrix interference for the Gibbs, the Prussian Blue and the Folin-Ciocalteau assays. The quenching of phenol fluorescence and incomplete precipitation of added tannic acid in the freshwater samples were thought to originate from complexation. The Gibbs assay was specific for monophenolics, monohydroxybenzenes, with a Criterion of Detection (CoD) of 0.027 mg l(-1). Evaluating the assay using twenty-two monophenolics of lignin origin showed, apart from phenol itself, the phenolic acids vanillic, isovanillic, ferulic and syringic to have a linear response between 0 and 10 microM. The other monophenolics were not responsive in the Gibbs assay. The oxidation-based assays Prussian Blue and Folin-Ciocalteau had a CoD of 0.169 and 0.025 mg l(-1), respectively. The ratio of response of both assays for each sample was taken as an indication of the degree of polymerisation of the phenolic content. The Folin-Ciocalteau assay was used directly on the samples, on samples spiked with tannic acid at 2 and 4 mg l(-1), and after precipitation of phenolics with BSA. The difference in tannic acid equivalents before and after treatment, assayed the amount of protein precipitated phenolics. The results of all assays allowed differentiation between monophenolics (Gibbs), polyphenolics (Prussian Blue), total phenolics (Folin-Ciocalteau), complexation of added phenol and protein-precipitated phenolics. The reaction mechanisms underlying the assays were matched onto those occurring during humification. The assays were applied to six filtered freshwater samples and two humic and two fulvic acids. The results showed a different pattern for each site and illustrated varying reactivity of the 'phenolic content' of freshwater. 相似文献
68.
Barbara Zielinska Dave Campbell Vera Samburova 《Journal of the Air & Waste Management Association (1995)》2014,64(12):1369-1383
Rapid and extensive development of shale gas resources in the Barnett Shale region of Texas in recent years has created concerns about potential environmental impacts on water and air quality. The purpose of this study was to provide a better understanding of the potential contributions of emissions from gas production operations to population exposure to air toxics in the Barnett Shale region. This goal was approached using a combination of chemical characterization of the volatile organic compound (VOC) emissions from active wells, saturation monitoring for gaseous and particulate pollutants in a residential community located near active gas/oil extraction and processing facilities, source apportionment of VOCs measured in the community using the Chemical Mass Balance (CMB) receptor model, and direct measurements of the pollutant gradient downwind of a gas well with high VOC emissions. Overall, the study results indicate that air quality impacts due to individual gas wells and compressor stations are not likely to be discernible beyond a distance of approximately 100 m in the downwind direction. However, source apportionment results indicate a significant contribution to regional VOCs from gas production sources, particularly for lower-molecular-weight alkanes (<C6). Although measured ambient VOC concentrations were well below health-based safe exposure levels, the existence of urban-level mean concentrations of benzene and other mobile source air toxics combined with soot to total carbon ratios that were high for an area with little residential or commercial development may be indicative of the impact of increased heavy-duty vehicle traffic related to gas production
ImplicationsRapid and extensive development of shale gas resources in recent years has created concerns about potential environmental impacts on water and air quality. This study focused on directly measuring the ambient air pollutant levels occurring at residential properties located near natural gas extraction and processing facilities, and estimating the relative contributions from gas production and motor vehicle emissions to ambient VOC concentrations. Although only a small-scale case study, the results may be useful for guidance in planning future ambient air quality studies and human exposure estimates in areas of intensive shale gas production. 相似文献
69.
Shin-ichi Sakai Hideto Yoshida Jiro Hiratsuka Carlo Vandecasteele Regina Kohlmeyer Vera Susanne Rotter Fabrizio Passarini Alessandro Santini Maria Peeler Jinhui Li Gil-Jong Oh Ngo Kim Chi Lawin Bastian Stephen Moore Natsuko Kajiwara Hidetaka Takigami Takaaki Itai Shin Takahashi Shinsuke Tanabe Keijiro Tomoda Takashi Hirakawa Yasuhiro Hirai Misuzu Asari Junya Yano 《Journal of Material Cycles and Waste Management》2014,16(1):1-20
End-of-life vehicles (ELV) have become a global concern as automobiles have become popular worldwide. An international workshop was held to gather data and to discuss 3R policies and ELV recycling systems, their background and present situation, outcomes of related policies and programs, the framework of recycling and waste management, and case studies on related topics in several countries and regions, as well as the essential points of the comparison. Legislative ELV recycling systems are established in the EU, Japan, Korea, and China, while in the US, ELV recycling is managed under existing laws on environmental protection. Since automobile shredding residue (ASR) has a high calorific value and ash content, and includes heavy metals as well as a mass of unclassified fine particles, recycling ASR is considered highly difficult. Countries with a legislative ELV system commonly set a target for recovery rates, with many aiming for more than 95 % recovery. In order to reach this target, higher efficiency in ASR recovery is needed, in addition to material recycling of collectable components and metals. Environmentally friendly design was considered necessary at the planning and manufacturing stages, and the development of recycling systems and techniques in line with these changes are required for sound ELV management. 相似文献
70.
Cerdeira AL dos Santos NA Pessoa MC Gomes MA Lanchote VL 《Journal of environmental science and health. Part. B》2005,40(1):159-165
The region of Ribeir?o Preto City, located in Southeast of Brazil, S?o Paulo State, is an important sugarcane, soybean, and corn producing area with a high level of pesticides utilization. This region is also an important recharge area for groundwater supply of the Guarany aquifer. Since the past ten years atrazine, simazine, ametryn, tebuthiuron, diuron, 2,4-D, picloram, and hexazinone are the main herbicides used in this area. In order to study a possible leaching of some of these herbicides into the aquifer, surface, and groundwater samples were collected in a watershed during the years of 1996 to 2003, from different locations. To detect and quantify the herbicides a GC-MS (gas chromatograph/mass spectrometry) method was used. The response of the herbicides analyzed was linear over the concentration range of 0.02 to 2.0 microg/L. Analysis of groundwater revealed that the herbicides tebuthiuron, diuron, atrazine, simazine, and ametryn were not present in the samples. In the surface water collected in 1997, ametryn was present in two out of nine locations with concentrations ranging from 0.17 and 0.23 microg/L, which is above the allowable 0.1 microg/L according to the European safety level. The leaching potential of tebuthiuron, diuron, atrazine, simazine, 2,4-D, picloram, and hexazinone has been evaluated using CMLS-94, "Chemical Movement in Layered Soil," as simulation model. No leaching into the depth of the water table at 40 m was found. 相似文献