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排序方式: 共有299条查询结果,搜索用时 734 毫秒
291.
Westley F Olsson P Folke C Homer-Dixon T Vredenburg H Loorbach D Thompson J Nilsson M Lambin E Sendzimir J Banerjee B Galaz V van der Leeuw S 《Ambio》2011,40(7):762-780
This article explores the links between agency, institutions, and innovation in navigating shifts and large-scale transformations toward global sustainability. Our central question is whether social and technical innovations can reverse the trends that are challenging critical thresholds and creating tipping points in the earth system, and if not, what conditions are necessary to escape the current lock-in. Large-scale transformations in information technology, nano- and biotechnology, and new energy systems have the potential to significantly improve our lives; but if, in framing them, our globalized society fails to consider the capacity of the biosphere, there is a risk that unsustainable development pathways may be reinforced. Current institutional arrangements, including the lack of incentives for the private sector to innovate for sustainability, and the lags inherent in the path dependent nature of innovation, contribute to lock-in, as does our incapacity to easily grasp the interactions implicit in complex problems, referred to here as the ingenuity gap. Nonetheless, promising social and technical innovations with potential to change unsustainable trajectories need to be nurtured and connected to broad institutional resources and responses. In parallel, institutional entrepreneurs can work to reduce the resilience of dominant institutional systems and position viable shadow alternatives and niche regimes. 相似文献
292.
Mark Person Amlan Banerjee John Rupp Cristian Medina Peter Lichtner Carl Gable Rajesh Pawar Michael Celia Jennifer McIntosh Victor Bense 《International Journal of Greenhouse Gas Control》2010,4(5):840-854
Idealized, basin-scale sharp-interface models of CO2 injection were constructed for the Illinois basin. Porosity and permeability were decreased with depth within the Mount Simon Formation. Eau Claire confining unit porosity and permeability were kept fixed. We used 726 injection wells located near 42 power plants to deliver 80 million metric tons of CO2/year. After 100 years of continuous injection, deviatoric fluid pressures varied between 5.6 and 18 MPa across central and southern part of the Illinois basin. Maximum deviatoric pressure reached about 50% of lithostatic levels to the south. The pressure disturbance (>0.03 MPa) propagated 10–25 km away from the injection wells resulting in significant well–well pressure interference. These findings are consistent with single-phase analytical solutions of injection. The radial footprint of the CO2 plume at each well was only 0.5–2 km after 100 years of injection. Net lateral brine displacement was insignificant due to increasing radial distance from injection well and leakage across the Eau Claire confining unit. On geologic time scales CO2 would migrate northward at a rate of about 6 m/1000 years. Because of paleo-seismic events in this region (M5.5–M7.5), care should be taken to avoid high pore pressures in the southern Illinois basin. 相似文献
293.
Marcos MS David L Peñaflor E Ticzon V Soriano M 《Environmental monitoring and assessment》2008,145(1-3):177-184
We introduce an automated benthic counting system in application for rapid reef assessment that utilizes computer vision on subsurface underwater reef video. Video acquisition was executed by lowering a submersible bullet-type camera from a motor boat while moving across the reef area. A GPS and echo sounder were linked to the video recorder to record bathymetry and location points. Analysis of living and non-living components was implemented through image color and texture feature extraction from the reef video frames and classification via Linear Discriminant Analysis. Compared to common rapid reef assessment protocols, our system can perform fine scale data acquisition and processing in one day. Reef video was acquired in Ngedarrak Reef, Koror, Republic of Palau. Overall success performance ranges from 60% to 77% for depths of 1 to 3 m. The development of an automated rapid reef classification system is most promising for reef studies that need fast and frequent data acquisition of percent cover of living and nonliving components. 相似文献
294.
Janice P. Susaya Ki-Hyun Kim Victor B. Asio Zueng-Sang Chen Ian Navarrete 《Environmental monitoring and assessment》2010,167(1-4):505-514
In this study, concentrations of nickel (Ni) were quantified in the soils and plants in the agricultural areas of Salcedo watershed in Eastern Samar Island, Philippines. The quantity of total Ni in soils (TS-Ni) was significantly high with a mean of 1,409 mg kg?1, while the soil available Ni (SA-Ni) was low with a mean of 8.66 mg kg?1. As the levels of TS-Ni in the Salcedo watershed greatly exceeded the maximum allowable concentrations for agricultural soils, the site is not suitable for agricultural purposes. Despite significant TS-Ni levels, SA-Ni levels were very low due to tight binding between Ni and soil components. Consequently, all plants investigated did not meet the criterion for a Ni hyperaccumulator plant with low Ni contents (mean TP-Ni of 14.7 mg kg?1). Comparison of Ni levels between food plants and its recommended daily intake (RDI) suggests that consumption of food-plants grown in the study area is unlikely to pose health risks. However, caution must be taken against combined consumption of food plants with high Ni levels or their prolonged consumption, as it can induce accumulation of Ni above RDI. 相似文献
295.
Howard-Reed C Henzel V Nabinger SJ Persily AK 《Journal of the Air & Waste Management Association (1995)》2008,58(7):919-927
The performance of gaseous air cleaners for commercial and residential buildings has typically been evaluated using test protocols developed for a controlled laboratory chamber or a test duct. It is currently unknown how laboratory measurements relate to the actual performance of an air cleaner installed in a real building. However, to date, there are no air cleaner field test protocols available, thereby limiting the existing field data. The National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) has conducted a series of experiments to support test procedure development for evaluating the installed performance of gaseous air cleaning equipment, as well as metrics for characterizing field performance. To date, over 100 experiments have been completed, of which 23 portable air cleaner experiments and 6 in-duct air cleaner experiments are described in this paper. Tests were conducted in a finished three-bedroom/two-bathroom manufactured house equipped with several gas chromatographs to semi-continuously measure air change rates and volatile organic compound concentrations. Experimental variables included air cleaner location, isolation of zones by closing doors, and contaminant source location. For each experiment, air cleaner removal of decane was directly measured using the air cleaner inlet and outlet concentrations, as well as with mass balance analyses using measured room concentrations. With a verified mass balance model, a field performance metric was developed to compare installed whole-building performance to the performance predicted by a laboratory result. The results provide insight into the protocols and metrics that might prove useful for characterizing the field performance of air cleaners as well as the impact of air cleaner removal on zonal concentration levels in a variety of situations. 相似文献
296.
Yiridomoh Gordon Yenglier Bonye Samuel Ziem Derbile Emmanuel Kanchebe Owusu Victor 《Environment, Development and Sustainability》2022,24(1):810-831
Environment, Development and Sustainability - Climate extremes over the years have been a major concern for the globalized world. The hardest hit from these climate extremes are women farmers with... 相似文献
297.
Onwurah Arinze I. Oje Obinna A. Okpashi Victor Udebuani Angela C. Ugwu Chidiebere E. Onwurah Ikechukwu N. 《Environmental science and pollution research international》2022,29(21):31075-31084
Environmental Science and Pollution Research - One of the primary objectives of any public health programme is to design a protocol that will curtail a population from being predisposed to toxic... 相似文献
298.
Okeke Emmanuel Sunday Chukwudozie Kingsley Ikechukwu Nyaruaba Raphael Ita Richard Ekeng Oladipo Abiodun Ejeromedoghene Onome Atakpa Edidiong Okokon Agu Chidozie Victor Okoye Charles Obinwanne 《Environmental science and pollution research international》2022,29(46):69241-69274
Environmental Science and Pollution Research - Aquaculture has emerged as one of the world’s fastest-growing food industries in recent years, helping food security and boosting global... 相似文献
299.
Adedoyin Festus Fatai Alola Uju Violet Bekun Festus Victor 《Environmental science and pollution research international》2022,29(17):24995-25005
Environmental Science and Pollution Research - Several studies have investigated the relationship between tourism, consumption of energy, globalization, and ecological footprint. However, the role... 相似文献