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51.
52.
Franz Beggel Isabella J. Nowik Michael Modigell Maxim G. Shalygin Vladimir V. Teplyakov Victor B. Zenkevitch 《Journal of Cleaner Production》2010
A novel gas purification system employing membrane contactors with dense membranes in the absorption as well as the desorption unit has been tested concerning the separation efficiency of CO2. The separation efficiency of potassium carbonate (K2CO3) promoted by piperazine (PZ) as absorption medium has been tested in the absorption unit. Since the absorbent will be regenerated in the desorption unit, the influence of temperature, sweep flow rate and absorbent type (0.5 M K2CO3 and 0.5 M K2CO3/0.5 M PZ) on the separation efficiency of CO2 in the desorption unit has been investigated. Desorption by vacuum has been considered as well.In addition experimental results of the coupling of a bioreactor producing hydrogen by anoxygenic photosynthesis (low and fluctuating product gas flow rates and fluctuating compositions) with a membrane contactor for gas purification are reported. This was done in order to show the applicability of this system to processes producing biogases. 相似文献
53.
Alfred J. Vella Bernardette Mintoff Victor Axiak Dorita Agius Roberto Cassone 《毒物与环境化学》2013,95(3-4):491-510
The speciation of organotins in seawater, surface microlayer and sediments in the marine environment of Malta is described. Concentrations of tributyltin (TBT) in bulk seawater inside the harbours were as high as 0.3 μg Sn L‐1 but were below detection limits (5 ng Sn L‐1) in open sea, 1.6 km offshore. In sediments, TBT levels were highest for the yacht marinas and ranged between 0.03 and 1.5 ug Sn g‐1. Dibutyltin is more common in the surface microlayer than TBT. Diphenyl and monophenyltin were found infrequently in bulk seawater and in sediments. Tetrasubstituted organotins, namely, MenBu(4_n)Sn, where n = 1, 2, and 3, were found frequently in TBT‐contaminated sediments (0.1–9μg Sng‐1), in seawater and in the microlayer where concentrations as high as 140 μg Sn L‐1 (Me3BuSn) were measured. Direct environmental methylation of TBT and that of its debutylated analogues may play a significant role in the geochemical cycling of tin under certain environmental conditions. 相似文献
54.
Victor Cardenas Stefan Hochrainer Reinhard Mechler Georg Pflug Joanne Linnerooth-Bayer 《Environmental Hazards》2013,12(1):40-53
In 2006, Mexico became the first transition country to transfer part of its public-sector natural catastrophe risk to the international reinsurance and capital markets. The Mexican case is of considerable interest to highly exposed transition and developing countries, many of which are considering similar transactions. Risk financing instruments can assure governments of sufficient post-disaster capital to provide emergency response, disaster relief to the affected population and repair public infrastructure. The costs of financial instruments, however, can greatly exceed expected losses, and for this reason it is important to closely examine their benefits and alternatives. This paper analyzes the Mexican case from the perspective of the risk cedent (the Ministry of Finance and Public Credit), which was informed by analyses provided by the International Institute for Applied Systems Analysis (IIASA). The rationale for a government to insure its contingent liabilities is presented along with the fiscal, legal and institutional context of the Mexican transaction. Using publicly available data, the paper scrutinizes the choice the authorities faced between two different risk-transfer instruments: reinsurance and a catastrophe bond. Making use of IIASA's catastrophe simulation model (CATSIM), this financial risk management decision is analyzed within the context of a public investment decision. 相似文献
55.
Time of departure and landing of nocturnal migrants are of great importance for understanding migratory strategy used by birds.
It allows us to estimate flying time and hence the distance that migrants cover during a single night. In this paper, I studied
the temporal schedule of nocturnal departures of European robins during spring migration. The study was done on the Courish
Spit on the Baltic Sea in 1998–2003 by retrapping 51 ringed birds in high mist nets during nocturnal migratory departure.
Take-offs of individual birds occurred between the first and tenth hour after sunset (median 176 min after sunset). Departure
time was not related to fuel stores at arrival and departure, stopover duration and progress of the season. The results suggest
that one reason for temporal variation in take-off time was differential response of European robins with high and low motivation
to depart to such triggers as air pressure and its trend. If these parameters reach a certain minimum threshold shortly before
sunset, robins with a high migratory motivation take off in the beginning of the night. When air pressure or its trend reaches
a maximum, it may trigger to take off later during the night birds with lower initial motivation for departure, including
those that have low refuelling efficiency. In regulation of timing of take-offs of robins, an important role is also played
by their individual endogenous circadian rhythm of activity which is related to the environment in a complex way. 相似文献
56.
The colonization-extinction dynamics of many species are affected by the dynamics of their patches. For increasing our understanding of the metapopulation dynamics of sessile species confined to dynamic patches, we fitted a Bayesian incidence function model extended for dynamic landscapes to snapshot data on five epiphytic lichens among 2083 mapped oaks (dynamic patches). We estimate the age at which trees become suitable patches for different species, which defines their niche breadth (number of suitable trees). We show that the colonization rates were generally low, but increased with increasing connectivity in accordance with metapopulation theory. The rates were related to species traits, and we show, for the first time, that they are higher for species with wide niches and small dispersal propagules than for species with narrow niches or large propagules. We also show frequent long-distance dispersal in epiphytes by quantifying the relative importance of local dispersal and background deposition of dispersal propagules. Local stochastic extinctions from intact trees were negligible in all study species, and thus, the extinction rate is set by the rate of patch destruction (tree fall). These findings mean that epiphyte metapopulations may have slow colonization-extinction dynamics that are explained by connectivity, species traits, and patch dynamics. 相似文献
57.
David G. Victor 《中国人口.资源与环境(英文版)》2013,11(3):181-185
ABSTRACTScholars and practitioners have focused in recent years on the potential for achieving cooperation in small “clubs” of countries. While solutions to global climate change will eventually require widespread cooperation, club strategies could help to catalyze that outcome. Unlike the Paris Agreement, which has achieved widespread but relatively shallow cooperation, it could be easier to tailor agreements that allow deep cooperation within smaller groups. This essay extends that logic to clubs whose geometry varies two-dimensionally across countries but also along a third dimension: within countries. Most of the key elements of international relations and international law theory that explain how clubs achieve cooperation are directly applicable to three-dimensional clubs. Most of the relevant experience for these clubs has occurred in the west; overdue is a close assessment of how key units – such as provinces and firms – within China and other emerging economies. 相似文献
58.
Victor Winstor Jebakumar Suthagar Durairaj Somasundaram Dharmalingam Gnanadason Koilraj 《Environmental science and pollution research international》2022,29(17):24802-24815
Environmental Science and Pollution Research - Water is considered one of the most superabundant resources on the earth that covers 75% of the entire earth’s surface, yet numerous countries... 相似文献
59.
Adedoyin Festus Fatai Bekun Festus Victor 《Environmental science and pollution research international》2020,27(31):38881-38900
Environmental Science and Pollution Research - In less than two decades, the global tourism industry has overtaken the construction industry as one of the biggest polluters, accounting for up to 8%... 相似文献
60.
Udi Joshua Bekun Festus Victor Adedoyin Festus Fatai 《Environmental science and pollution research international》2020,27(10):10553-10564
Environmental Science and Pollution Research - This study examines the role of industrialization in the energy-growth-FDI nexus for the case of South Africa using data over the period 1970 to 2018.... 相似文献