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排序方式: 共有185条查询结果,搜索用时 15 毫秒
31.
Bhupander Kumar Meenu Mishra V. K. Verma Premanjali Rai Sanjay Kumar 《Environmental geochemistry and health》2018,40(6):2465-2480
This study presents distribution of organochlorines (OCs) including HCH, DDT and PCBs in urban soils, and their environmental and human health risk. Forty-eight soil samples were extracted using ultrasonication, cleaned with modified silica gel chromatography and analyzed by GC-ECD. The observed concentrations of ∑HCH, ∑DDT and ∑PCBs in soils ranged between?<?0.01–2.54, 1.30–27.41 and?<?0.01–62.8 µg kg?1, respectively, which were lower than the recommended soil quality guidelines. Human health risk was estimated following recommended guidelines. Lifetime average daily dose (LADD), non-cancer risk or hazard quotient (HQ) and incremental lifetime cancer risk (ILCR) for humans due to individual and total OCs were estimated and presented. Estimated LADD were lower than acceptable daily intake and reference dose. Human health risk estimates were lower than safe limit of non-cancer risk (HQ?<?1.0) and the acceptable distribution range of ILCR (10?6–10?4). Therefore, this study concluded that present levels of OCs (HCH, DDT and PCBs) in studied soils were low, and subsequently posed low health risk to human population in the study area. 相似文献
32.
Francesc Fàbrega Vikas Kumar Emilio Benfenati Marta Schuhmacher José L. Domingo 《毒物与环境化学》2015,97(6):814-827
Currently, there are limited data on the levels of perfluoroalkyl substances other than perfluorooctane sulfonic acid and perfluorooctanoic acid in the human body. Most of this information has been extracted from biological monitoring of plasma while the occurrence of perfluoroalkyl substances in other human tissues is rarely studied. The objective of the present study was to develop a physiologically based pharmacokinetic model to assess the concentration of perfluoroalkyl substances in human tissues, based on an existing model previously validated for perfluorooctane sulfonic acid and perfluorooctanoic acid. Experimental data on concentrations of perfluoroalkyl substances in human tissues from individuals in Tarragona County (Catalonia, Spain) were used to estimate the values of some distribution and elimination parameters needed for the simulation. No significant correlations were found between these parameters and the chain lengths. The model was finally validated for five perfluoroalkyl substances. 相似文献
33.
Kaushik CP Sharma HR Gulati D Kaushik A 《Environmental monitoring and assessment》2011,182(1-4):467-475
Bovine milk samples were collected and analyzed during 1992 and 1998 from rural areas of 14 different districts of Haryana state for the presence of HCH and DDT residues. The study revealed that the mean residues of ΣHCH in raw bovine milk have declined by 67.5% while mean levels of ΣDDT have decreased by 92.8% during six years gap. The obtained results reveal that during 1992 p,p'-DDT was the main component followed by p,p'-DDD, α-HCH and β-HCH while in 1998, p,p'-DDE and β-HCH followed by p,p'-DDT were relatively more as compared to other isomers and metabolites of these pesticides. 相似文献
34.
Rai Singh Bhupender S. Sharma Shiv Nath Chalka 《Environmental monitoring and assessment》2010,168(1-4):195-203
Atmospheric aerosols and their impacts on the environment particularly on human health is an issue of significant public and governmental concern. Though studies on air quality related to total suspended particulate matter have done by various authors in India, yet respirable suspended particulate matter (PM10) is not characterized so far particularly in a historical and world heritage city like Agra. This study presents seasonal variation in mass levels of PM10 and its ionic composition. PM10 samples were collected in the proximity of Taj Mahal and subjected to chemical analysis using ion chromatography technique. The preliminary findings reveal that the 24-h average of PM10 mass level varies from 115 to 233, 155 to 321, and 33 to 178 μg/m3, respectively, in summer, winter, and rainy seasons indicating critical pollution situation. These values are very much higher than the National Ambient Air Quality Standards of 75 μg/m3 (prescribed by Central Pollution Control Board, India) in both of summer and winter seasons whereas quite near the permissible limits in rainy season. The equivalent ratios of NH4 + to nonsea salt SO4 2? and NO3 ? and ∑Cations to ∑Anios were found to be greater than unity indicating high source strength of ammonia and alkaline nature of aerosols. The study suggests the need for continuous and long-term systematical sampling and detailed physiochemical analysis of PM10 and also to know the characteristics of PM in background areas for better understanding of the emission sources. 相似文献
35.
Rai PK 《Environmental monitoring and assessment》2012,184(1):113-131
The present article provides a multifaceted critical research review on environmental issues intimately related with the socio-economy
of North East India (NE), a part of Indo-Burma hotspot. Further, the article addresses the issue of sustainable development
of NE India through diverse ecological practices inextricably linked with traditional ecological knowledge (TEK). The biodiversity
of NE India comprises endemic floral diversity, particularly medicinal plants of importance to pharmaceutical industry, and
unique faunal diversity. Nevertheless, it is very unfortunate that this great land of biodiversity is least explored taxonomically
as well as biotechnologically, probably due to geographical and political constraints. Different anthropogenic and socio-economic
factors have perturbed the pristine ecology of this region, leading to environmental degradation. Also, the practice of unregulated
shifting cultivation (jhooming), bamboo flowering, biological invasions and anthropogenic perturbations to biodiversity exacerbate the gloomy situation.
Instead of a plethora of policies, the TEK of NE people may be integrated with modern scientific knowledge in order to conserve
the environment which is the strong pillar for socio-economic sector here. The aforesaid approach can be practiced in NE India
through the broad implementation and extension of agroforestry practices. Further, case studies on Apatanis, ethnomedicinal plants use by indigenous tribal groups and sacred forests are particularly relevant in the context of conservation
of environmental health in totality while addressing the socioeconomic impact as well. In context with the prevailing scenarios
in this region, we developed an eco-sustainable model for natural resource management through agroforestry practices in order
to uplift the social as well as environmental framework. 相似文献
36.
Ruhela Mukesh Sharma Kaberi Bhutiani Rakesh Chandniha Surendra Kumar Kumar Vikas Tyagi Kaomud Ahamad Faheem Tyagi Inderjeet 《Environmental science and pollution research international》2022,29(21):31486-31500
Environmental Science and Pollution Research - Mining is a significant part of the transforming economy, which is generally considered as essential as well as social evil at the same time. It is... 相似文献
37.
Enhanced and irreversible sorption of pesticide pyrimethanil
by soil amended with biochars 总被引:8,自引:0,他引:8
Biochar derived from partial combustion of vegetation is ubiquitous and potentially effective in sequestration of environmental contaminants.Biochars were prepared by burning of red gum(Eucalyptus spp.) woodchips at 450 and 850°C(labeled as BC450 and BC850).These two biochars were found to possess markedly different properties in terms of surface area and porosity.Short-term equilibration tests(24 hr) were conducted to assess the sorption-desorption behavior of pyrimethanil in the soil amended with various amounts of biochar of each type,with a special focus on the desorption behavior of the sorbed pesticide through four times successive desorption by dilution.Sorption coefficient and isotherm nonlinearity of the amended soils progressively increased with the content of biochar in the soil.Biochar BC850 with higher surface area and microporosity showed a stronger effect on the reversibility of sorption pesticide.The soils amended with 5% BC450 and 1% BC850 had nearly the same sorption capacity for pyrimethanil;however,their desorption processes were very different with 13.65% and 1.49% of the sorbed pesticide being released,respectively.This study suggested that biochar in soil could be an important factor for immobilization of a pesticide and thus affecting its environment fate in soil. 相似文献
38.
Singh SK Rai JP 《Journal of environmental biology / Academy of Environmental Biology, India》2004,25(3):299-306
The present study aims to analyze the interaction of prevailing biotic pressure on plant species diversity in Nanda Devi Biosphere Reserve (NDBR) which lies in northern part of Uttaranchal hills between 79 degrees 40'E to 80 degrees 05'E longitude and 30 degrees 17' N to 30 degrees 41'N latitude and covers an area of 2236.7 km2. A total of 75 species has been found which included the herbaceous plants viz., grasses, sedges and forbs. Generally, the plants have a short life span of 3-4 months. However, few species persist throughout the growth period i.e. May-October. Phytosociological study performed in plots of varying slope and grazing pressure intensity revealed that the dominant grasses were Danthonia cachemyriana and Poa annua and dominant forbs were Trachydium roylei and Geum elatum in all the plots. Grasses were abundant on west facing slopes while forbs preferred the even topography of east facing meadows. The grasses and sedges together had optimum density during July and August. In general, short lived species exhibited more diversity for one or two months whilst the long lived species exhibited optimum diversity althrough the snow free period. The species diversity is maximum (100%) in moderately grazed bughiyals i.e. Pacchu and minimum in intensively grazed bughiyals i.e. Martoli. The species distribution among the plots was 60-90% contagious and 11.2-38.0% randomirrespective of grazing pressure, thus highlighting the significance of grazing pressure in management of alpine meadows. 相似文献
39.
Singh A Agrawal SB Rai JP Singh P 《Journal of environmental biology / Academy of Environmental Biology, India》2002,23(3):283-288
Assessment of agropotentiality of the effluent coming out from century pulp and paper mill, Ghanshyamdham, Lalkua (Uttaranchal) has been made on wheat (Triticum aestivum var. UP-2329) crop grown in two soils differing in texture with different effluent concentrations. Diluted effluent increased the chlorophyll content, plant height, shoot and root biomass, grain yield, protein, carbohydrate and lipid contents in wheat grains, while undiluted effluent caused inhibition in plant growth resulting in a sharp decline of yield. Pure soil provided better growth and yield results than those soil mixed with sand. 相似文献
40.
Daniel W. Pollock Rai S. Kookana Raymond L. Correll 《Water, Air, & Soil Pollution: Focus》2005,5(1-2):67-88
The pesticide impact rating index (PIRI) has been integrated with a Geographic Information System (GIS) to enable regional
assessment of pesticide impact on groundwater and surface water resources. The GIS version of PIRI (PIRI-GIS) was used to
assess the impact of pre-planting atrazine use in the pine plantations on the Gnangara Mound, Western Australia. The impact
on groundwater was found to be spatially variable, mainly dependent on soil type and depth to groundwater, because land use
variables were spatially constant. Areas with the greatest impact on groundwater were those where the soil had a low sorption
capacity for atrazine. Knowledge of the spatial distribution of the sorption coefficient based on organic carbon (K
oc) for atrazine was found to significantly improve the results from PIRI-GIS. Average values for K
oc (i.e. based on overseas data) were too low for most of the local soil types, resulting in a general overestimation of pesticide
impact on groundwater resources, but an underestimation of impact in areas that should be of greatest concern (i.e. where
the soil has a low sorption capacity for atrazine). 相似文献