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71.
Otto Lüderitz Chris Galanos Volker Lehmann Hubert Mayer Ernst Th. Rietschel Jürgen Weckesser 《Die Naturwissenschaften》1978,65(11):578-585
The endotoxic principle of lipopolysaccharides (LPS) is localized in their lipid A component. Biological effects of LPS on, for instance, body temperature, blood pressure, and blood picture, are also induced by free lipid A. In contrast to the great variability of the 0-specific chains, the chemical structure of lipid A is much more constant. It is common for Salmonella and similar for other genera of the Enterobacteriaceae. Recently, a number of lipid A's have been recognized that exhibited distinct structural features compared with Enterobacteriaceae. These lipid A's were found to be also distinct with regard to some of their biological properties. 相似文献
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Volker Vossius 《Die Naturwissenschaften》1984,71(11):552-559
Inventions are patentable according to the German Patent Law (and the European Patent Convention), if they are new, involve an inventive step and are susceptible to industrial application. Living matter and processes performed therewith are likewise patentable. 相似文献
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Sabine Bauer Volker Witte Melanie Böhm Susanne Foitzik 《Behavioral ecology and sociobiology》2009,64(1):45-56
Ant social parasites use chemical warfare to facilitate host colony takeover, which is a critical but recurring step in their
life cycle. Many slave-making ants use the secretion of the Dufour gland to manipulate host behaviour during parasitic nest
foundation and slave raids. Harpagoxenus sublaevis applies this chemical weapon onto defending Leptothorax host workers, which elicits deadly fights amongst them. Host species are expected to evolve counter-adaptations against this
behavioural manipulation and in this study we investigated the geographic structure of this co-evolving trait. We compared
the effectiveness of the parasitic gland secretion from different H. sublaevis populations in host colonies from various sites and analysed the occurrence of local adaptation. The two host species L. muscorum and L. acervorum generally showed different responses to the parasites’ chemical weapon: L. acervorum attacked nestmates treated with Dufour gland secretion, while L. muscorum workers fled. Flight, instead of intraspecific fights, is an adaptive host reaction as it results in fewer host fatalities
during raids. Beside interspecific host differences, we found a geographic mosaic of host resistance: parasites from a German
population strongly manipulated the behaviour of both sympatric Leptothorax populations. Russian or Italian hosts instead did not react with intracolonial aggression, but fled when confronted with
the gland secretion of their sympatric parasite. Not only variation in host resistance explains differences in the effectiveness
of the parasitic gland secretion but also interpopulational differences in its chemical composition, which were revealed by
gas chromatography and mass spectrometry. 相似文献
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