全文获取类型
收费全文 | 18338篇 |
免费 | 142篇 |
国内免费 | 111篇 |
专业分类
安全科学 | 360篇 |
废物处理 | 626篇 |
环保管理 | 2659篇 |
综合类 | 3759篇 |
基础理论 | 4959篇 |
环境理论 | 6篇 |
污染及防治 | 3905篇 |
评价与监测 | 982篇 |
社会与环境 | 1270篇 |
灾害及防治 | 65篇 |
出版年
2018年 | 693篇 |
2017年 | 666篇 |
2016年 | 626篇 |
2015年 | 207篇 |
2014年 | 206篇 |
2013年 | 959篇 |
2012年 | 520篇 |
2011年 | 1151篇 |
2010年 | 732篇 |
2009年 | 853篇 |
2008年 | 1029篇 |
2007年 | 1320篇 |
2006年 | 435篇 |
2005年 | 416篇 |
2004年 | 372篇 |
2003年 | 479篇 |
2002年 | 450篇 |
2001年 | 479篇 |
2000年 | 333篇 |
1999年 | 221篇 |
1998年 | 175篇 |
1997年 | 146篇 |
1996年 | 179篇 |
1995年 | 177篇 |
1994年 | 201篇 |
1993年 | 180篇 |
1992年 | 183篇 |
1991年 | 181篇 |
1990年 | 208篇 |
1989年 | 194篇 |
1988年 | 166篇 |
1987年 | 163篇 |
1986年 | 148篇 |
1985年 | 165篇 |
1984年 | 158篇 |
1983年 | 162篇 |
1982年 | 160篇 |
1981年 | 163篇 |
1980年 | 149篇 |
1979年 | 145篇 |
1978年 | 142篇 |
1977年 | 129篇 |
1976年 | 136篇 |
1975年 | 114篇 |
1974年 | 142篇 |
1973年 | 125篇 |
1972年 | 125篇 |
1971年 | 105篇 |
1970年 | 106篇 |
1967年 | 116篇 |
排序方式: 共有10000条查询结果,搜索用时 31 毫秒
911.
N.R. Banapurmath W.M. Budzianowski Y.H. Basavarajappa R.S. Hosmath V.S. Yaliwal P.G. Tewari 《International Journal of Sustainable Engineering》2014,7(1):55-70
The diminishing resources and continuously increasing cost of petroleum in association with their alarming pollution levels from diesel engines has led to an interest in finding alternative fuels to diesel. Emission control and engine efficiency are two of the most important parameters in current engine design. The impending introduction of emission standards such as Euro IV and Euro V has forced research towards developing new technologies for combating engine emissions. This paper examines the effects of compression ratio, swirl augmentation techniques and ethanol addition on the combustion of compressed natural gas (CNG) blended with Honge oil methyl esters (HOME) in a dual fuel engine. The present results show that the combustion of HOME and 15% ethanol blend with CNG induction in a dual-fuel engine operated in optimized parameters at an injection timing of 27° Before Top Dead Centre and a compression ratio of 17.5 resulted in acceptable combustion emissions and improved brake thermal efficiencies. The implementation of swirl augmentation techniques increased brake thermal efficiencies (BTEs) and considerably reduced combustion emissions such as smoke, HC, CO and NOx. The addition of ethanol also increased BTEs. However, at more than 15% of ethanol in HOME, NOx emissions increased dramatically. 相似文献
912.
B. Ravindran S. M. Contreras-Ramos J. W. C. Wong A. Selvam G. Sekaran 《Environmental science and pollution research international》2014,21(1):641-651
Animal fleshing (ANFL) is the predominant proteinaceous solid waste generated during processing of leather and it is confronting disposal problems. The aim of this study was to assess the potential of epigeic earthworm Eudrilus eugeniae to utilize and transform the fermented ANFL in the solid state (SSF) and submerged state (SmF) into a value added product along a low residence period (25 days). A total of six treatment units containing different waste mixture compositions were established. Fifty healthy and non-clitellated earthworms were introduced in three different treatment containers: control, SSF, and SmF (+worm). Another set of treatment mixtures (control, SSF, SmF) was established without earthworms (?worm) to compare the results. The products were characterized for physico-chemical, enzymatic analysis and seedling growth parameters to compare the differences in the process with and without earthworms. The changes observed in the analytical parameters were in the following order: SSF > SmF > control mixtures (p?<?0.05). The vermicompost showed a significant reduction in heavy metals, total organic carbon and an increase in total Kjeldhal nitrogen as compared to the product untreated by earthworms. The maximum enzymatic activities were observed after 21 days of vermicomposting. The relative seed germination of vermicompost extracts were in the order of tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum) > green gram (Vigna radiata) > cucumber (Cucumis sativus) > bottle gourd (Lagenaria siceraria (Mol.) Standl.) and showed no phytotoxicity effects. The results indicated that the combination of both ANFL hydrolysis through fermentation and vermicomposting is a good alternative to the management of this kind of waste. 相似文献
913.
M. St. J. Warne G. E. Batley O. Braga J. C. Chapman D. R. Fox C. W. Hickey J. L. Stauber R. Van Dam 《Environmental science and pollution research international》2014,21(1):51-60
The Australian and New Zealand Guidelines for Fresh and Marine Water Quality are a key document in the Australian National Water Quality Management Strategy. These guidelines released in 2000 are currently being reviewed and updated. The revision is being co-ordinated by the Australian Department of Sustainability, Environment, Water, Population and Communities, while technical matters are dealt with by a series of Working Groups. The revision will be evolutionary in nature reflecting the latest scientific developments and a range of stakeholder desires. Key changes will be: increasing the types and sources of data that can be used; working collaboratively with industry to permit the use of commercial-in-confidence data; increasing the minimum data requirements; including a measure of the uncertainty of the trigger value; improving the software used to calculate trigger values; increasing the rigour of site-specific trigger values; improving the method for assessing the reliability of the trigger values; and providing guidance of measures of toxicity and toxicological endpoints that may, in the near future, be appropriate for trigger value derivation. These changes will markedly improve the number and quality of the trigger values that can be derived and will increase end-users’ ability to understand and implement the guidelines in a scientifically rigorous manner. 相似文献
914.
915.
P. M. S. Jayathilaka Peeyush Soni Sylvain R. Perret H. P. W. Jayasuriya Vilas M. Salokhe 《Regional Environmental Change》2012,12(1):55-68
Climate change is the main global challenge of this century; it is therefore imperative to identify its effects on agriculture
in developing countries. This research makes spatial assessment of climate change effect on major plantation crops in Sri
Lanka, with emphasis on crop suitability of tea, rubber, and coconut. Geo-referenced maps of spatial and temporal changes
in crop suitability and production potentials are generated and compared. Data pertaining to six agro-ecological zones under
the study area are analyzed for a period of 1980–2007. Crop suitability maps are generated amalgamating yield maps and climatic
factors maps using AHP in multi-criteria analysis under two time frames of 1980–1992 and 1993–2007. Percent change in crop
suitability and crop yield classes is calculated based on five crop suitability and five crop yield classes during two time
frames. Dynamics of climatic parameters and crop yield are recognized using geo-referenced maps. The suitability maps of the
two time frames are compared to identify the changes with each crop in conjunction with changes in the prevailing climate
and yield. Geographic shift of suitability, yield, and climate classes are examined. Net gain or loss in crop production is
quantified. Long-term annual rainfall significantly decreased in mid-country wet zone, whereas the mean temperature of the
study area increased by 1.4°C. Results clearly showed that the climate and yield can be meaningfully related to the crop suitability
and management. 相似文献
916.
There is much discussion within the sustainable development community regarding climate stabilization and particularly, finding
environmentally equitable ways to address emission reductions. Knowing the current level of emission is only one variable
in this complex picture. While the rate of emissions is clearly a problem, the overall increase in GHG concentration in the
atmosphere is ultimately the main driver of anthropogenic warming. Therefore, it is also important to understand the cumulative
emissions, those which have taken us to the current condition. This research presents a case study of six countries to compare
the emissions per capita and cumulative emissions during the past 200 years. It is known that carbon emissions are closely
related to economic activities, but here we show that some countries have reached per capita emissions plateaus at different
levels while others are still rising. Specifically, one approach toward socioeconomic development, in terms of energy–economy,
reaches a plateau at 10 Mt carbon per person, which the United Kingdom and South Korea have attained. The US occupies another
emission regime at 20 Mt carbon per person. Developing economies such as India and China are considerably below these levels,
and unless they follow other integrated economic/environmental solutions, they will continue to increase their per capita
emissions during development. 相似文献
917.
E. Yu. Zakharova 《Russian Journal of Ecology》2012,43(2):162-168
Phenotypic variation in the widespread Siberian and Mongolian butterfly species Coenonympha amaryllis (Stoll, 1782), an indicator of undisturbed steppe communities, is analyzed. It is shown that its size variation is influenced
by a complex of climatic factors, the most important of them being the average starting date of the frost-free period and
average annual temperature in the region. Longitude-dependent variation in size is described by a “sawtooth curve” characteristic
of species with changing voltinism. 相似文献
918.
The current state of the ecology of the impact regions is outlined. It is argued that the complex of ecosystems situated around
a point polluter (an impact region) is an appropriate model for solving several fundamental and applied ecological problems
related to the exploration of strong external impacts on biota. Typical methodological errors resulting from insufficient
attention to specific features of passive experiments are analysed, and ways to avoid them are proposed. The principles of
spatial arrangements of study sites within the impact region and of the selection of experimental and evaluation units are
discussed. 相似文献
919.
M. A. Potapov I. V. Zadubrovskaya P. A. Zadubrovskii O. F. Potapova V. I. Evsikov 《Russian Journal of Ecology》2012,43(1):40-44
A comparative analysis of reproductive behavior has been performed in the steppe lemming (Lagurus lagurus) and narrow-skulled vole (Microtus gregalis). The results show that the species are similar in certain behavioral features indicative of the stability of mating pairs.
However, in the narrow-skulled vole, unlike in the steppe lemming, mature males in olfactory tests show preference for receptive
sibling females versus non-kin females. Probably, it is the absence of the incest taboo that allows the involvement of young
of the year in reproduction within growing family groups and accounts for “coloniality” of the species. 相似文献
920.
The results are presented that have been obtained during long-term studies (1991–2009) on the efficiency of natural reproduction
of the beluga, Russian sturgeon, stellate sturgeon, and sterlet in different spawning zones of the Volga. The influence of
major environmental factors on the formation of the offspring of these fishes is analyzed. It is shown that the productivity
of Volga spawning grounds varies depending on the river flow volume during spring floods and the abundance of active spawners.
Practical recommendations are proposed for enhancing sturgeon reproduction in the Volga. 相似文献