基于ACF-AMDF的气井环空液面回波特征提取方法

为了精确有效地提取声波法检测气井环空液位的回波周期,在分析环空中测试波的传播特征及基音周期检测的基础上,提出1种基于检测信号短时自相关函数(ACF)及平均幅度差函数(AMDF)的液面回波周期提取方法;利用自主搭建的室内模拟实验系统开展了不同初始环空压力下环空液位检测实验;对检测信号进行中心削波处理并计算ACF/AMDF,提取出液面回波周期并与理论计算值对比分析;同时分析了现场环空液位检测信号,提取其回波周期。研究结果表明:提出的新方法能有效地用于提取环空液面回波周期;室内实验中,该方法最大误差绝对值为1.54%;该方法能够有效抑制液面回波信号中的随机噪声及接箍反射波等,处理后的信号曲线在回波周期处峰值更加突出、集中,而在其他位置更加平滑,提高了对液面回波周期特征的辨识能力。     

对称障碍物条件下瓦斯爆炸火焰与压力波耦合作用研究

为了研究对称障碍物条件下瓦斯爆炸压力波与火焰传播的耦合作用,在150 mm×150 mm×1 700 mm的有机玻璃瓦斯爆炸管道中,距离点火端不同距离安装0.5阻塞率的对称障碍物,进行8.5%甲烷体积分数的爆炸试验,采集瓦斯爆炸的超压信号并同步拍摄火焰传播图像。结果表明:火焰穿越板式对称障碍物的过程经历了火焰加速、火焰降速到火焰再加速的过程,火焰降速的时间仅为5 ms。距离点火焰源不同长度的对称障碍物在火焰加速过程中的作用存在明显差异,近点火源的障碍物作用主要为诱导湍流,远离点火源的障碍物作用主要为湍流增强。     

基于组合赋权的混合粒子群优化支持向量机的岩爆倾向性预测

为有效预测岩爆灾害发生烈度,提出一种基于组合赋权的混合粒子群优化支持向量机(H-PSO-SVM)岩爆倾向性预测模型。根据岩爆发生机制,在分析岩爆发生的主要影响因素的基础上确定出评判指标;综合考虑模糊层次分析法(FAHP)所得主观权重和熵权法所得客观权重,应用调和平均数概念,构建组合赋权准则;引入遗传算法交叉、变异操作改进传统粒子群(PSO)极值跟踪和粒子更新方法,建立H-PSO-SVM岩爆倾向性预测模型。利用国内外已有工程实例数据进行50次随机抽样试验,对比分析H-PSO-SVM模型和PSO-SVM模型等预测结果。结果表明:H-PSO-SVM模型应用于岩爆工程实例预测具有可行性和适应性,模型预测的准确率高于其他模型,且预测结果更稳定。     

FAHP法在污泥板框调理剂综合评价中的应用

提出了一种新的污泥板框调理剂综合评价方法。传统的CST(毛细吸水时间)、污泥比阻、泥饼含水率等指标只能单一地评价泥饼脱水效果,为了实现对调理效果的综合评价,需要考虑药剂调理费用、运输处置成本、设备处理产能、滤液处理难度等多种因素。通过长期采集中试运行数据,考察了3种污泥板框调理剂对设备、泥饼、滤液和运行4个方面17个指标的影响。引入层次分析法和模糊数学综合评价法相结合的模糊层次分析法(FAHP)对3种污泥板框调理剂进行了综合评价,采用层次分析法确定指标权重;采用隶属函数对指标进行无量纲化处理,确定其隶属度,解决了指标间的可综合性问题;最后用加权平均法得出评价综合值,综合评价值表明,在这3种调理剂中,调理剂1的综合效果最优,更适合作为该厂的污泥板框脱水调理剂。     

彩色玉米粉粉尘云最低引燃温度试验研究

利用HY16429粉尘云引燃温度试验装置,分别对5种彩色玉米粉在不同喷尘压力和不同质量浓度下进行粉尘云最低引燃温度的测定。结果表明:在不同的喷尘压力下,粉尘云最低引燃温度随粉尘云质量浓度增加先下降后上升,在2 250~3 500 g/m~3达到最危险浓度;在不同的质量浓度下,粉尘云最低引燃温度随喷尘压力增加先下降后上升,在60~80 k Pa达到最低值,表明当粉尘云形成的悬浮状态最佳时,最低引燃温度为360℃;无色玉米粉的引燃温度普遍低于含色素的玉米粉,表明色素的添加可使玉米粉的燃爆危险性降低,这与玉米粉粒度分布情况和所含元素中碳氮比有关,C元素含量和碳氮比越高所需引燃温度越低;无色玉米粉粒度分布相对分散且粉尘粒度相对较大,加入色素后粒度分布较集中且粉尘粒度相对较小;不同颜色的玉米粉最低引燃温度呈现不同的变化规律,可解释为色素的发色基团对应于不饱和双键的共轭体系,在受热时它的结构易发生变化所导致。     

Are older drivers’ driving patterns during an on-road driving task representative of their real-world driving patterns?

Abstract

Objective: The current study investigated whether older drivers’ driving patterns during a customized on-road driving task were representative of their real-world driving patterns.

Methods: Two hundred and eight participants (male: 68.80%; mean age?=?81.52 years, SD?=?3.37 years, range?=?76.00–96.00 years) completed a customized on-road driving task that commenced from their home and was conducted in their own vehicle. Participants’ real-world driving patterns for the preceding 4-month period were also collected via an in-car recording device (ICRD) that was installed in each participant’s vehicle.

Results: During the 4-month period prior to completing the on-road driving task, participants’ median real-world driving trip distance was 2.66?km (interquartile range [IQR]?=?1.14–5.79?km) and their median on-road driving task trip distance was 4.41?km (IQR?=?2.83–6.35?km). Most participants’ on-road driving task trip distances were classified as representative of their real-world driving trip distances (95.2%, n?=?198).

Conclusions: These findings suggest that most older drivers were able to devise a driving route that was representative of their real-world driving trip distance. Future research will examine whether additional aspects of the on-road driving task (e.g., average speed, proportion of trips in different speed zones) are representative of participants’ real-world driving patterns.     

基于灰色系统理论的加速退化试验可靠性评估

加速退化试验的原始数据大部分是离散分布的,导致难以适用于传统可靠性评估方法。在加速退化试验数据的可靠性评估研究方面,提出了使用灰色系统理论方法来分析加速退化试验中获取的原始数据,通过对加速退化试验获得的量纲和时间长度均不相等的实验原始数据进行预处理、灰色关联度考查并建立灰色离散模型,实现初始数据同一性。最后以某电子组件加速退化试验数据为例,通过数据预处理和灰色系统理论分析两大步骤,实现对70℃下的加速退化试验原始数据的分析处理,验证了灰色系统理论对原始试验数据的处理可以进一步提高可靠性评估的实用性。     

医用治疗仪EMC测试问题探析及总结

通过对医用治疗仪进行分类,针对低压输出和高压输出两类产品的EMC常见不合格项目,挑选典型的产品加以分析,从而总结出不合格项目对应的改善措施,为治疗仪产品的EMC问题提供案例参考。     

Performance evaluation of circulating fluidized bed incineration of municipal solid waste by multivariate outlier detection in China

This first nationwide survey was conducted to evaluate the overall performance of the circulating fluidized bed (CFB) incineration of municipal solid waste (MSW) in 2014-2015 in China. Total 23 CFB incineration power plants were evaluated. The data for monthly average flue gas emission of particles, CO, NO _x , SO₂ and HCl were collected over 12 consecutive months. The data were analyzed to assess the overall performance of CFB incineration by applying the Mahalanobis distance as a multivariate outlier detection method. Although the flue gas emission parameters had met the Chinese national emission standards, there were 11 total outliers (abnormal behavior) detected in 6 out of 23 CFB incineration power plants from the perspective of the MSWincineration performance. The results demonstrate that it is more important for a better performance of CFBs to reduce the frequencies of the MSW load changes, rather than the magnitudes of the MSW load changes, particularly reducing the frequencies in the range of 10% and more of the load changes, under the same and stable conditions. Furthermore, the overloading occurs more often than the underloading during the operation of the CFB incineration power plants in China. The frequent overloading is 0% to 30% of the designed capacity. To achieve the stable performance of CFBs in practice, an appropriately designed MSW storage capacity is suggested to build in a plant to buffer and reduce the frequency of the load changes.

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Factors influencing adsorption and desorption of trimethoprim on marine sediments: mechanisms and kinetics

Environmental Science and Pollution Research - Adsorption-desorption behavior of ionic antibiotics in natural aquatic environment is complex, especially in coastal or estuary area where influencing...