在滇池外海北岸污染严重的0.25 km2封闭性蓝藻治理试验示范区内控养水葫芦,以削减富营养化水体内源氮(N)、磷(P)等污染物,探讨有效改善湖泊水质的生物治理措施.6月底按9.30 kg m-2投放水葫芦种苗,控养面积2.51hm2,示范区水面覆盖度为10%.结果显示:水葫芦放养后生长迅速,特别是在7-9月份,最大生长速率达37 2.7 g m-2 d-1;整个植株干物质平均N、P含量分别为23.22 g kg-1和5.03 g kg-1,每t鲜重水葫芦吸收1.63 kg N、0.35 kg P,通过水葫芦种养示范工程,直接由示范工程水域吸收带走N 1.15 t、P 0.25 t;水葫芦生长期间(7-12月),种养区较对照区水体DO、SD和p H均有下降;水葫芦根系具有较好的吸附拦截浮游藻类效果,致使种养区水体TN、TP和CODMn浓度显著高于对照区(P<0.05),并与水体Chl-a浓度显著正相关(P<0.05);水葫芦采收后并未引起二次污染,水质无恶化趋势.综上认为,规模化控养水葫芦可显著削减水体N、P等内源污染负荷,同时对浮游藻类吸附拦截效果明显,可将其滞留于特定水域,又能吸收利用藻类衰亡释放到水体的污染物,减轻外部空白水域水质恶化的压力. 相似文献
• Municipal solid waste (MSW) was fermented, screened, gasified, then co-processed.• Co-processing MSW in cement kilns could cause excessive pollutant emissions.• Bypass flue gas can be disposed of through the main flue system.• Popular MSW co-processing methods do not affect cement quality. Cement kiln co-processing techniques have been developed in the past 20 years in China, and more than 60 factories now use fermentation, screening, and gasification pre-treatment techniques to co-process municipal solid waste (MSW). There three complete MSW pre-treatment techniques, co-processing procedures, and environmental risk assessments have been described in few publications. In this study, we assessed the effectiveness of each technique. The results suggested that the pollutant content released by each pre-treatment technology was lower than the emission standard. To reveal the mechanisms of pollutant migration and enrichment, the substances in the kiln and kiln products are investigated. The input of co-processing materials (Co-M) produced by fermentation caused formation of polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins and dibenzofuran (PCDD/Fs) in the bypass flue gas (By-gas) in excess of the regulatory standard. The Co-M input produced by the screening and gasifier technologies caused the total organic carbon (TOC) concentration to exceed the standard. In addition, the NOx, TOC, and PCDD/Fs in the By-gas exceeded the regulatory standard. Raw meal was the primary chlorine and heavy metals input stream, and clinker (CK) and cement kiln dust (CKD) accounted for>90% of the total chlorine output stream. Flue gas and CKD were the primary volatile heavy metal (Hg) output streams. Greater than 70% of the semi-volatile heavy metals (Cd, Pb, Tl and Se) distributed in hot raw meal and bypass cement kiln dust. The low-volatility heavy metals were concentrated in the CK. These results indicated that co-processing techniques used in China still require improvement. 相似文献
During the excavation of high gas mine, gas and dust often exist at the same time. In order to ensure that the gas concentration remains within a safe range and minimize the risk of workers’ pneumoconiosis, we simulated the interaction mechanism of airflow, gas, and dust, explored the pollution law of gas and dust, and obtained the optimal purification distance (Lp) by the CFD method. The reliability of the numerical simulation was verified by field measurements. Firstly, the properties of the gas and dust affected the structure of the airflow field. At the same time, the change in the airflow field affected the concentration distributions of the gas and dust. During the diffusion process, some high-risk regions in which the gas or dust concentrations exceeded 0.80% or 200 mg/m3, respectively, were discovered. Moreover, we have found that the airflow velocity in the top region of the tunnel and at the intersection corner between the cutting face and tunnel wall was the main factor affecting the purification effects. When Lp = 5–8 m, the gas concentration remained below 0.50%. When Lp = 6 m, the dust concentration reached a minimum of 287.5 mg/m3. Therefore, the optimal purification distance was determined to be 6 m; in which case, the gas and dust concentrations decreased by 32.84% and 47.02%, respectively.