基于ERP的林业企业资源安全计划的设计

从林业企业资源安全管理的现状分析出发,按照林业企业计划管理的基本流程,规划和设计了以计算机为辅助的林业企业资源管理系统.     

爆炸性气体环境危险区域划分方法改善探讨

本文在对当前爆炸性气体环境的危险区域划分存在的主要问题及其原因分析的基础上,探讨了通过建立爆炸性气体环境危险区域计算机辅助划分平台,提高危险区域划分的可操作性,从而实现爆炸性气体环境危险区域划分方法的改善.探讨了通过运用数值计算方法,基于fluent对爆炸性气体扩散进行研究,对非对称分布场所的危险区域划分提供划分辅助.     

离子色谱分析法用于化学防护服材料渗透性能检测的研究

渗透性能是化学防护服最重要的防护性能指标之一。本文采用PTC200型渗透测试池、蠕动泵、超滤装置和离子色谱分析仪,构建了测试化学防护服渗透性能的装置,并利用该装置对一系列化学防护服面料对浓硫酸和NaOH溶液的渗透性能进行了检测。结果表明,利用该装置可以方便准确地实现服装面料渗透性能测试,是一种具有重要应用价值的检测方法。该方法的开发为规范我们国家化学防护服装及相关产品防护性能检测方式,提高检测结果的准确度和一致性,具有重要的意义。     

碳源对铜绿微囊藻生理特性及微囊藻毒素产率的影响

为研究水体中不同碳源对铜绿微囊藻生理特性的影响,以Na2CO3与葡萄糖分别作为铜绿微囊藻生长的无机碳源与有机碳源,将铜绿微囊藻于光照下进行培养,并对其一系列的生理特性与微囊藻毒素产率进行检测。实验结果表明,同等碳浓度下,有机碳源更能促进铜绿微囊藻的生长,经过30 d的培养,铜绿微囊藻在有机碳源中的产量为187.55 g,比其在无机碳源中的产量提高了6.06%;微囊藻毒素在有机碳源中的产量为969.00μg/g,而在无机碳源中的产量却升高至1 193.60μg/g。参与藻毒素合成的3种氨基酸在无机碳源中的浓度要比有机碳源中的浓度高,但是其余几种氨基酸的含量与之情况相反。而有机碳源培养的铜绿微囊藻总可溶性蛋白含量为387.00μg/g,比无机碳源培养的铜绿微囊藻的蛋白含量提高了93.60%。     

Dietary antioxidants (selenium and N-acetylcysteine) modulate paraoxonase 1 (PON1) in PCB 126-exposed rats

Environmental pollutants polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), especially dioxin-like PCBs, cause oxidative stress and associated toxic effects, including cancer and possibly atherosclerosis. We previously reported that PCB 126, the most potent dioxin-like PCB congener, not only decreases antioxidants such as hepatic selenium (Se), Se-dependent glutathione peroxidase, and glutathione (GSH) but also increases levels of the antiatherosclerosis enzyme paraoxonase 1 (PON1) in liver and serum. To probe the interconnection of these three antioxidant systems, Se, GSH, and PON1, we examined the influence of varying levels of dietary Se and N-acetylcysteine (NAC), a scavenger of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and precursor for GSH synthesis, on PON1 in the absence and presence of PCB 126 exposure. Male Sprague–Dawley rats, fed diets with differing Se levels (0.02, 0.2, or 2 ppm) or NAC (1 %), were treated with a single intraperitoneal injection of corn oil or various doses of PCB 126 and euthanized 2 weeks later. PCB 126 significantly increased liver PON1 mRNA, protein level and activity, and serum PON1 activity in all dietary groups but did not consistently increase thiobarbituric acid levels (thiobarbituric acid reactive substances, TBARS), an indicator of lipid oxidation and oxidative stress, in liver or serum. Inadequate (high or low) dietary Se decreased baseline and PCB 126-induced aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR) expression but further increased PCB 126-induced cytochrome P450 1A1 (CYP1A1) expression, the enzyme believed to be the cause for PCB 126-induced oxidative stress. In addition, a significant inverse relationship was observed not only between dietary Se levels and PON1 mRNA and PON1 activity but also with TBARS levels in the liver, suggesting significant antioxidant protection from dietary Se. NAC lowered serum baseline TBARS levels in controls and increased serum PON1 activity but lowered liver PON1 activities in animals treated with 1 μmol/kg PCB 126, suggesting antioxidant activity by NAC primarily in serum. These results also show an unexpected predominantly inverse relationship between Se or NAC and PON1 during control and PCB 126 exposure conditions. These interactions should be further explored in the development of dietary protection regimens.     

Statistical analysis of sudden chemical leakage accidents reported in China between 2006 and 2011

According to the data from authoritative sources, 1,400 sudden leakage accidents occurred in China during 2006 to 2011 were investigated, in which, 666 accidents were used for statistical characteristic abstracted with no or little damage. The research results were as follows: (1) Time fluctuation: the yearly number of sudden leakage accidents is shown to be decreasing from 2006 to 2010, and a slightly increase in 2011. Sudden leakage accidents occur mainly in summer, and more than half of the accidents occur from May to September. (2) Regional distribution: the accidents are highly concentrated in the coastal area, in which accidents result from small and medium-sized enterprises more easily than that of the larger ones. (3) Pollutants: hazardous chemicals are up to 95 % of sudden leakage accidents. (4) Steps: transportation represents almost half of the accidents, followed by production, usage, storage, and discard. (5) Pollution and casualties: it is easy to cause environmental pollution and casualties. (6) Causes: more than half of the cases were caused by human factor, followed by management reason, and equipment failure. However, sudden chemical leakage may also be caused by high temperature, rain, wet road, and terrain. (7) The results of principal component analysis: five factors are extracted by the principal component analysis, including pollution, casualties, regional distribution, steps, and month. According to the analysis of the accident, the characteristics, causes, and damages of the sudden leakage accident will be investigated. Therefore, advices for prevention and rescue should be acquired.     

锌、铁等离子对氧化锌烟气脱硫工艺中亚硫酸锌氧化的影响

在氧化锌法脱除烟气SO2工艺中,脱硫产物亚硫酸锌的氧化是实现锌、硫资源回收的关键环节。在pH为4～5,25℃等条件下,考察了锌、铁、镉离子对亚硫酸锌氧化过程的影响。结果发现,铁离子对亚硫酸锌氧化过程有较强的催化作用,锌离子有一定的催化作用,而低浓度的镉离子几乎不影响氧化过程。进一步的研究表明,锌、铁离子的独自催化氧化速率对各自的浓度均为0．5级响应,但在混合状态下,锌离子对铁离子的催化过程有抑制作用。     

Cu-SBA-15催化湿式过氧化氢氧化水溶液中罗丹明B

采用水热晶化法合成了不同含铜量的Cu—SBA-15介孔分子筛,并且用XRD、N2吸附、TEM以及uV—vis对所合成的样品进行表征。以Cu—SBA-15为催化剂,H2O2为氧化剂,催化湿式过氧化水溶液中的罗丹明B,主要考察H2O2浓度、催化剂用量、处理温度、初始pH等因素对罗丹明B氧化效果的影响。结果表明,在同样的处理条件下罗丹明的脱色率明显高于TOC去除率,处理温度、初始pH对罗丹明B的脱色与氧化有重要影响。在罗丹明B初始浓度100mg／L,H2O2初始浓度1．8g／L,催化剂量0．3g／L,温度60℃,pH为7．0,处理时间100min时,罗丹明B的脱色率为98．6％,TOC去除率为62．8％。     

重庆主城区建设用地扩展的时空特征及驱动因子分析

以多时相的遥感影像为基础,选用归一化裸露指数（NDBI）、重归一植被指数（RDVI）和改进的归一化水体指数（修改后的NDWI）,通过阈值分割、掩膜处理提取建设用地信息,结合重庆主城区的社会经济数据,利用扩展速度指数、扩展强度指数、扩展弹性指数、紧凑度指数、建设用地扩展系数及扩展方向分析研究了不同阶段建设用地扩展的时空动态特征,并运用灰色关联分析,对建设用地扩展的驱动因子进行探讨。结果表明：1988～2011年重庆主城区建设用地扩展了39332 km2,扩展速度和扩展强度呈现增大的趋势;扩展弹性系数、建设用地扩展系数波动变化,反映了重庆主城区建设用地逐渐由粗放型向集约型转变;建设用地扩展的空间分析表明重庆主城区的城市形态由非紧凑型向紧凑型发展,同时扩展方向具有明显的分异性,主要向正北和西北方向扩展;人口增长,尤其是城市人口的增长是重庆主城区建设用地扩展最主要的驱动因子;经济发展、产业结构变化与建设用地的扩展也有明显的相关性     

近51年川滇地区气候暖干化与旱涝灾害趋势判断

为揭示川滇地区气候特征与旱涝灾害趋势,以川滇地区70个气象站点1961～2011年的逐月气温、降水资料为基础,采用线性回归、五年滑动平均、M K突变检验、反距离加权空间插值、Z指数法、Morlet小波变换等方法,对川滇地区气候变化特征与旱涝灾害进行了分析。结果表明：近51 a川滇地区气温以021℃/10 a的速率增加;降水量以1076 mm/10 a的速率减少;尤其是20世纪90年代末期以来正经历着以增温和变干为趋势的气候变化特征,气候暖干化趋势明显。近51 a川滇地区年旱涝灾害总的趋势是向干旱发展,以2000年为转折点,2000年以前该区多涝灾,2000年后多旱灾,这与该区的气温与降水变化一致,气候暖干化的结果直接导致了旱灾加剧。川滇地区春、冬两季旱涝年际周期变化规律强,Z指数呈上升趋势,降水量增加;夏季旱涝周期变化十分显著,旱涝灾害程度加剧,干旱化趋势明显;秋季旱涝变化周期性不强,呈弱干旱化趋势发展