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11.
目的为保障油田正常安全生产,促进油田含聚污水的循环利用。方法采用电絮凝技术单因素研究方法开展净化含聚污水的静态实验研究,探讨外加电流密度、极板间距、初始pH及聚合物浓度等因素对净化效果的影响规律。结果当初始pH为7.0,电流密度为4.0 m A/m2,极板间距为1.0 cm,电解16 min时,综合处理效果最佳。此时,含油量与浊度去除率分别为98.85%,99.93%,处理每克油平均消耗为0.0494 g的Al,处理每立方米含聚污水的能耗为0.2895 k Wh。污水中的聚合物浓度越小,净化效果越好。结论中性处理,极板间距为1.0 cm,外加电流密度为4.0 m A/m2,通电16 min是最佳处理条件。 相似文献
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运用CFD仿真软件Fluent,参考国内某炼厂常压塔挥发线管道结构和运行工况,对注水后管道内的多相多组分状态进行了模拟,编写了相应的传热传质模型,对其中的腐蚀性介质参数进行了计算分析,结果表明:在注入中性水后,挥发线管道内气相腐蚀性介质HCl和H_2S在水相中快速溶解,导致水相pH值呈酸性,注水点下游附近出现了液相跌落区,此处的pH值最低。对不同的注水流量和液滴粒径的注水工况进行模拟后,发现注水参数对跌落区的位置、最低pH值产生了影响,其中液滴粒径的影响更加显著。据此,预测了不同注水工艺对塔顶露点腐蚀状态的影响,以期指导腐蚀监测和工艺防腐。 相似文献
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Teien HC Standring WJ Salbu B Marskar M Kroglund F Hindar A 《Journal of environmental monitoring : JEM》2004,6(3):191-200
Episodic events may be critical with respect to aluminium (Al) toxicity in moderately acidified salmon rivers. The present work demonstrates that sea salt episodes enhance the toxicity of Al in acidic rivers. The documented sea salt episode (300 [micro sign]M Cl) mobilized positively charged Al species (0.4 to 1.1 [micro sign]M Al(i)), enhanced the Al accumulation on fish gills (0.9 to 10 [micro sign]mol g(-1) dw) and caused increased stress responses (6 to15 mM blood glucose) in fish. Accumulated Al on gills remained high several days after the episode. The presented results are based on a six-week field study in two tributary rivers on the west coast of Norway. Changes in the river water qualities and Al speciation were followed using in situ fractionation techniques. Al accumulation on gills and stress responses were followed for Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) kept in tanks continually exposed to the changing water quality. The potential mobilization of Al from the two catchments was studied by extracting soils with diluted seawater (salinity of 3). To counteract Al toxicity, one of the tributary catchments has been limed. The potential mobility of Al by sea salt was lower in limed soils compared to acid soils, and the Al deposition on fish gills (<3.5 [micro sign]mol g(-1) dw) and associated stress responses stayed low during the sea salt episode in the river draining the limed catchment. Thus, for acid river systems in coastal areas, catchment liming should be considered as a useful countermeasure for Al toxicity. 相似文献
14.
改良亚甲基蓝比色法快速测定地表水中硫化物 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
探讨了亚甲基蓝比色法测定硫化物显色剂的用量和溶液的酸度,找出了最佳实验条件.实验得出:该方法的线性范围为0.0~0.6mg/L,最低检出限为0.004mg/L,RSD 0.5N~6.4%,回收率90%~98%。 相似文献
15.
Using improved neural network model to analyze RSP,NOx and NO2 levels in urban air in Mong Kok,Hong Kong 总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4
As the health impact of air pollutants existing in ambient addresses much attention in recent years, forecasting of airpollutant parameters becomes an important and popular topic inenvironmental science. Airborne pollution is a serious, and willbe a major problem in Hong Kong within the next few years. InHong Kong, Respirable Suspended Particulate (RSP) and NitrogenOxides NOx and NO2 are major air pollutants due to thedominant diesel fuel usage by public transportation and heavyvehicles. Hence, the investigation and prediction of the influence and the tendency of these pollutants are ofsignificance to public and the city image. The multi-layerperceptron (MLP) neural network is regarded as a reliable andcost-effective method to achieve such tasks. The works presentedhere involve developing an improved neural network model, whichcombines the principal component analysis (PCA) technique and theradial basis function (RBF) network, and forecasting thepollutant levels and tendencies based in the recorded data. Inthe study, the PCA is firstly used to reduce and orthogonalizethe original input variables (data), these treated variables arethen used as new input vectors in RBF neural network modelestablished for forecasting the pollutant tendencies. Comparingwith the general neural network models, the proposed modelpossesses simpler network architecture, faster training speed,and more satisfactory predicting performance. This improvedmodel is evaluated by using hourly time series of RSP, NOx and NO2 concentrations collected at Mong Kok Roadside Gaseous Monitory Station in Hong Kong during the year 2000. By comparing the predicted RSP, NOx and NO2 concentrationswith the actual data of these pollutants recorded at the monitorystation, the effectiveness of the proposed model has been proven.Therefore, in authors' opinion, the model presented in the paper is a potential tool in forecasting air quality parameters and hasadvantages over the traditional neural network methods. 相似文献
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对GAM水环境预测模型提出了四点不同看法,与有关作者商榷,指出GM(1,1)模型与GAM模型二者并无优劣之差,精度亦相当。 相似文献
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1993年5月对厦门市主要河流作了水质现状调查监测,监测数据显示,河流以有机物污染为主。以水质综合质量指数方法和超标分类评价法对河流水质作了现状评价。选用有机污染有关指标为评价因子,以河流功能标准为评价标准,根据水质综合质量指数值和超标因子数目,将水质划分为3级。 相似文献
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