Se(Ⅳ)和Se(Ⅵ)对小白菜生长及生理效应的影响

用盆栽试验研究了不同含量Se(Ⅳ)和Se(Ⅵ)对小白菜生长和生理效应的影响.结果表明,不同含量Se(Ⅳ)和Se(Ⅵ)对小白菜体生长和生理代谢的影响不尽相同.低含量硒（Se(Ⅳ)<10.0 mg·kg-1、Se(Ⅵ)<5.0 mg·kg-1）能够促进小白菜的生长,使其根变粗, 诱导脯氨酸的产生,阻止丙二醛（MDA）的合成,增强白菜的抗逆性,使其生物量明显提高;高含量硒会抑制小白菜的生长,导致植物体内脯氨酸合成下降,MDA含量增加,叶及根系生长受到抑制,地上和地下部干重显著急速下降（p<0.01）.小白菜根长、叶面积等生长指标均随Se(Ⅳ)和Se(Ⅵ)含量的增大而显著下降（p<0.01）;抑制小白菜根系生长的Se(Ⅳ)含量为60 mg·kg-1,明显高于Se(Ⅵ)含量（20.0 mg·kg-1）.相同硒含量下,Se(Ⅳ)处理的小白菜地上部干重为Se(Ⅵ)的1.1~3.0倍,说明本试验条件下Se(Ⅵ)的生物有效性和毒性均大于Se(Ⅳ).Se(Ⅵ)处理小白菜地上部分的硒含量显著高于地下部分,而Se(Ⅳ)处理小白菜地下部分的硒含量显著高于地上部分,小白菜地上和地下部分对Se(Ⅵ)的吸收量均显著高于Se(Ⅳ).综合生长和生理因子分析表明,地上部分生物量是反映Se(Ⅳ)及Se(Ⅵ)处理土壤上小白菜生长状况的理想指标.     

Second organic aerosol formation from the ozonolysis of -pinene in the presence of dry submicron ammonium sulfate aerosol

An indoor chamber facility is described for investigation of atmospheric aerosol chemistry. Two sets of α-pinene ozonolysisexperiments were conducted in the presence of dry ammonium sulfate seed particle: ozone limited experiments and α-pinene limitedexperiments. The concentration of gas phase and particle phase species was monitored continuously by on-line instruments andrecorded automatically by data sampling system. The evolution of size distribution was measured by a scanning mobility particlesizer (SMPS), and α-pinene consumed was measured using GC-FID. Secondary organic aerosol (SOA) produced for seed-free systemis 100% organic in content, resulting from a sufficient supersaturation of low volatility organics to produce homogeneous nucleationfollowed by condensation to the aerosol. Secondary organic aerosol produced in seeded system is a mixture of organic and inorganicconstituents, initially forms via condensation onto the inorganic particles, and subsequent growth occurs via absorption into the organicsurface coating the inorganic core. Although the formation process and the size distribution for seed-free system and seeded system isdifferent, the ultimate mass of SOA formed is equal, and SOA yield for the two system located in the same regression line when usingone-product model, suggesting that the presence of dry ammonium sulfate seed has no measurable effect on the total aerosol yield, and the dry seed particle acts solely as a site upon which organic deposition occurs.     

WJ-R01干膜耐磨自润滑涂料在某枪械上的应用

概述了干膜润滑涂层的原理。研制的WJ-R01干膜耐磨自润滑涂层具有耐磨减摩自润滑性能突出,耐腐蚀性能优异,能适应海洋大气环境等特点。介绍了其组成、理化性能,以及应用施工等情况。在兵器某枪械上应用效果良好。     

南麂列岛海域浮游植物的群落结构研究

于2006年4月～2007年3月采集浙江省南麂列岛海域水样,研究了浮游植物的种类组成、分布特征、季节动态以及赤潮生物的现状.共鉴定浮游植物93种,其中硅藻35属68种,甲藻11属21种,蓝藻1属2种以及金藻1属2种.浮游植物的优势种类在不同季节各有不同.南麂海域浮游植物细胞丰度较高,年平均细胞丰度达到319.03 cells/mL,高峰区集中分布在春季和夏季.对浮游植物群落的多项生态学指标进行了分析.     

遥感资料在青海草地资源监测及评价中的应用研究

利用EOS/MODIS、NOAA/AVHRR卫星遥感监测的植被指数(NDVI)、地面定点监测的实际地上牧草产量资料,依据卫星遥感监测原理,在点和面上研究、建立了植被指数与牧草产量之间的关系模式,给出了草地资源卫星遥感监测和评价方法。监测和评价结果显示:2004年青海省草地资源从东南部向西北部逐渐递减,产量最高区处于黄南州南部和果洛州东南部,最低区处于西北部的柴达木盆地,近20年来天然草地资源的分布规律没有发生变化,但草地生产力在逐步下降,草地资源在逐年减少,仅果洛州全州平均牧草产量比1986年下降了4.04%,牧草总量减少85.10×104t,理论载畜量减少了63.11×104只绵羊单位;暖干旱化的气候变化趋势是造成青海省天然草地生产力下降、呈现退化趋势的主要原因。     

南宁市老城区降雨径流溯源及污染特征分析

降雨径流是城市河道污染的重要来源之一.为了解降雨径流的污染特征,对南宁市老城区进行降雨径流同步采样监测,分析不同降雨条件下不同下垫面污染状况、初期冲刷效应及污染贡献比等特征,探讨了径流污染初期冲刷计算方法及影响因素分析,并根据老城区菜市场下垫面讨论降雨径流下垫面选取标准与必要性.结果表明,南宁市老城区径流污染中,道路及...     

环境试验箱围护结构传热研究

通过对环境试验箱围护结构由高温降至低温时的非稳态传热过程建立物理模型和数学模型,并使用有限容积法及TDMA进行围护结构传热数值计算来分析3种不同降温工况下的围护结构的传热特性,提出了围护结构质量系数概念,用以简化计算其降温时的耗冷量.     

Phosphorus utilization and microbial community in response to lead/iron addition to a waterlogged soil

Constructed wetlands have emerged as a viable option for helping to solve a wide range of water quality problems. However, heavy metals adsorbed by substrates would decrease the growth of plants, impair the functions of wetlands and eventually result in a failure of contaminant removal. Typha latifolia L., tolerant to heavy metals, has been widely used for phytoremediation of Pb/Zn mine tailings under waterlogged conditions. This study examined e ects of iron as ferrous sulfate (100 and 500 mg/kg) and lead as lead nitrate (0, 100, 500 and 1000 mg/kg) on phosphorus utilization and microbial community structure in a constructed wetland. Wetland plants (T. latifolia) were grown for 8 weeks in rhizobags filled with a paddy soil under waterlogged conditions. The results showed that both the amount of iron plaque on the roots and phosphorus adsorbed on the plaque decreased with the amount of lead addition. When the ratio of added iron to lead was 1:1, phosphorus utilized by plants was the maximum. Total amount of phospholipids fatty acids (PLFAs) was 23%–59% higher in the rhizosphere soil than in bulk soil. The relative abundance of Gram-negative bacteria, aerobic bacteria, and methane oxidizing bacteria was also higher in the rhizosphere soil than in bulk soil, but opposite was observed for other bacteria and fungi. Based on cluster analysis, microbial communities were mostly controlled by the addition of ferrous sulfate and lead nitrate in rhizosphere and bulk soil, respectively.     

铁修饰的污泥生物炭对污泥脱水性能的改善效果

为改善城市污水处理厂污泥的脱水性能,采用铁修饰污泥生物炭作为助滤剂,与FeCl₃一起对污泥进行联合调理。以污泥净产率、污泥比阻和泥饼含水率评价污泥脱水性能;通过污泥Zeta电位、扫描电镜、EDS和泥饼可压缩性系数分析该方法的机理;同时,通过对污泥胞外聚合物、重金属以及总氯含量的分析,探究其调理污泥的环境风险,以明确该方法用于改善污泥脱水性能的可行性。结果表明,在500 ℃下制备的铁修饰污泥生物炭(30%)和FeCl₃(12.82%)联合调理时,污泥脱水的效果最佳;与仅用FeCl₃(12.82%)调理的污泥相比,污泥净产率升高了73.38%、污泥比阻降低了68.75%、泥饼含水率降低了9.03%。在较高温度下制备的铁修饰污泥生物炭,其孔隙结构更为发达、表面铁元素含量更高;与FeCl₃联合调理污泥时,更容易发生絮凝,从而使泥饼的渗透性能更好。而且,在联合调理的条件下,污泥中溶解型、松散结合型和紧密结合型胞外聚合物的含量均有所降低;污泥泥饼中重金属(Cd、Cr、Cu、Pb、Zn)更为稳定,泥饼热解固相产物和非固相产物中总氯含量降低,环境生态风险更小。采用铁修饰污泥生物炭作为助滤剂,可改善污泥脱水性能,并具有实际应用的潜力。     

永兴岛及七连屿浅水礁区珊瑚礁鱼类多样性探讨

根据2005年~2013年对西沙群岛中永兴岛及七连屿浅水礁区珊瑚礁鱼类监控数据,利用分类学多样性指数、相对丰富度及相似性指数等对浅水礁区珊瑚礁鱼类种类组成及生物多样性进行研究。结果显示,永兴岛及七连屿浅水礁区珊瑚礁鱼类隶属于4目25科61属131种,科级多样性平均值为3.03,属多样性指数平均值为2.71,标准化的G-F指数平均值为0.13;鲈形目珊瑚礁鱼类种类及相对丰富度均占有绝对优势,永兴岛及七连屿浅水礁区珊瑚礁鱼类具种类较多、相似性较低特征,随着珊瑚礁环境质量下降、西沙群岛渔业活动的频繁以及超负荷的捕捞导致鱼类数量及密度减少,珊瑚礁鱼类密度呈下降趋势,平均鱼类密度从2005年的3.10尾/m2,下降到2013年1.23尾/m2,个体较小、游泳能力较强的礁栖鱼类更适合礁区生存,平均体长在6.00~10.00 cm。