一株中度嗜盐硫酸盐还原菌的分离及生理特性研究

本文从四川自贡盐厂卤水污泥中，分离出一株中度嗜盐硫酸盐还原菌。菌体为短杆状，０．９－１．１×２．０－２．５μｍ，革兰氏染色阴性，形成芽孢，不含脱硫孤菌素。固体培养基上无Ｆｅ２＋时，菌落为半透明状；有Ｆｅ２＋时菌落为黑色，直径为１－３ｍｍ。利用乳酸盐作为碳源，利用乙酸盐时必须添加生长因子。能在５％－２５％（Ｗ／Ｖ）Ｎａｃｌ浓度范围内生长，最适生长浓度为９％－１３％（Ｗ／Ｖ）。最适生长温度为３５℃。最适生长ｐＨ值为７．０．根据形态和生理生化特征，该菌为脱硫肠状菌属，但与该属已报导的硫酸盐还原菌在嗜盐、碳源利用、最适生长温度以及其它一些特征上均有不同，因此可能是个新种。该菌是目前已报道的嗜盐浓度最高的硫酸盐还原菌。     

两性聚丙烯酰胺的制备研究

本文研究了丙烯酰胺（ＡＭ）－丙烯酸（ＡＡ）共聚物的水溶液，经Ｍａｎｎｉｃｈ反应制备两性聚丙烯酰胺的反应条件，讨论了影响胺化度的因素。实验结果表明：分子量为３００万、阴离子度为２０％、浓度为２．５％的共聚物，在原料配比为（ＡＭ－ＡＡ）：ＨＣＨＯ：ＮＨ（ＣＨ３）２＝１：１．１：１．５、反应温度为５０±１℃、反应２ｈ的条件下，制得的两性聚丙烯酰胺的胺化度为４２．５％，是最佳的合成条件。用氯化胺和盐酸季胺     

地磁Z分量整点值空间相关法在江苏地区地震预报中的初步应用

应用江苏地磁台站Ｚ分量整点值资料,研究了江苏地区Ｚ分量整点值的相关性及在江苏地区地震预报中的作用,给出了该法在江苏地区的异常判据指标,并应用该指标提取了１９９０～１９９７年的三个异常,其中两个异常有地震对应。     

“W型低NOx环保燃烧器”特点及应用状况

“W型低NOx环保燃烧器”采用先进的复合多级混合式雾化技术，强化喷射、混合和扩散，燃烧充分从而控制NOx生成。     

Rh-Al-MCM-41上NO选择性催化还原的原位红外研究

利用气-固相固定床反应装置考察了Rh交换的Al-MCM-41在高气体空速条件下对贫燃NOx的选择性催化还原活性,考察了氧含量对其的影响。结果表明,在200000h~(-1)的气体空速、O_2/C_3H_6=20、603K时,NO转化率为74.3％。利用原位FTIR技术研究了该催化剂的表面吸附物种及表面程序升温反应行为,并结合实验观察探讨了贫燃条件下Rh-Al-MCM-41催化剂上NO的选择性催化还原机理。     

Biomarker responses and reproductive toxicity of the effluent from a Chinese large sewage treatment plant in Japanese medaka (Oryzias latipes)

The present study was conducted to assess the potential toxicity of the effluent from a large sewage treatment plant (GBD-STP) in Beijing. Japanese medakas (Oryzias latipes) at reproduction active period were exposed to a serial of graded concentrations of the effluent or 100 ng l-1 of 17-alpha-ethinylestradiol (EE2, positive control). Growth, gonadosomatic index (GSI), hepatosomatic index (HSI), reproductive success, induction potency of vitellogenin (VTG) in male fish and that of 7-ethoxyresorufin-o-deethylase activity (EROD) in male fish liver were used as test endpoints. The growth suppression of fish was observed in a dose-dependent manner, resulting in significant differences in both body length and body weight of medaka above 5% effluent. This effluent can inhibit the growth of gonad of medakas and are more sensitive to male than to female. At exposure concentration of 40% and higher, there was an unexpected decrease of HSI values, which may be resulted from sub-lethal toxicity of effluent to fish liver. VTG of plasma in males were induced in all exposure concentration levels, but not in a dose-dependent manner. The concentration of 5% effluent would be the lowest observed adverse effect level (LOAEL) affecting reproductive success when examining fertile individuals, fecundity and fertilization rate. The overt CYP1A response and higher reproductive toxicity may be indicative of low process efficiency of this STP.     

负载氧化镧的活性炭还原NO的研究

稀土金属具有一些特殊的性能,这使得其对碳质材料还原NO的反应可能表现出特殊的催化效果,而此方面的研究没有报道.为了研究稀土金属对活性炭还原NO反应的催化效果,采用浸渍法制备了负载氧化镧的活性炭颗粒(La/C),并在无氧的固定床反应器中进行了程序升温反应和等温反应,考察了气体流量、NO的入口浓度、反应温度和氧化镧负载量对反应活性的影响,同时对反应机理和动力学进行了初步探讨.研究结果表明负载氧化镧的活性炭还原NO的反应是一级反应.由于炭表面3%(质量分数)的氧化镧的存在,C-NO反应的起始反应温度从500 ℃降低到300 ℃,反应活性大大提高,反应活化能从88.95 kJ/mol降低到51.05 kJ/mol.氧化镧的负载量对反应活性有重要影响,但负载量的大量增加对反应活性的提高效果甚微,最佳负载量为1.5%.La/C体系在反应中较稳定,而反应温度的升高对其稳定性不利.     

重金属污染土壤中提高植物提取修复功效的探讨

随着对重金属超积累植物研究的加深 ,用植物提取修复技术来改良重金属污染的土壤已逐步进入实用阶段。本文所探讨的提高此技术功效的方法基于两个方面 :提高土壤溶液中重金属的浓度 ,促进植物对重金属的吸收 ;根据已了解的超积累的生理机制可能采取的一些措施     

Tolerance to,and avoidance of,hypoxia by the penaeid shrimp (Metapenaeus ensis)

Aquatic hypoxia caused by eutrophication may lead to mass mortality of valuable living resources such as fish and shrimp. However, there is little information on the hypoxic tolerance of penaeid shrimp, and whether they are able to avoid hypoxia. In laboratory experiments, LC50, LT50 and heart beats per minute were determined for juvenile Metapenaeus ensis at 0.5, 1.0, 2.0 and 6.0 mg O2 l(-1). The 8-h LC50, for DO was 0.77 mg O2 l(-1), while the LT50 at 0.5 mg O2 l(-1) was 399 min. Heart beat rate significantly declined when DO fell below 1.0 mg O2 l(-1). When confronted with a gradient of dissolved oxygen, M. ensis were able to avoid hypoxic areas and move to oxygenated water. M. ensis appeared to be sensitive to hypoxia, and their ability to detect and avoid hypoxia may enhance their survival in habitats where hypoxia may occur.     

Sorption of arsenate and arsenite anions by iron(III)-poly(hydroxamic acid) complex

Iron(III)-poly(hydroxamic acid) resin complex has been studied for its sorption abilities with respect to arsenate and arsenite anions from an aqueous solution. The complex was found effective in removing the arsenate anion in the pH range of 2.0 to 5.5. The maximum sorption capacity was found to be 1.15 mmol/g. The sorption selectivity showed that arsenate sorption was not affected by chloride, nitrate and sulphate. The resin was tested and found effective for removal of arsenic ions from industrial wastewater samples.