Assessment of physically-based and data-driven models to predict microbial water quality in open channels

In the present study,a physically-based hydraulic modeling tool and a data-driven approach using artificial neural networks (ANNs) were evaluated for their ability to simulate the fate and transport of microorganisms in a water system.To produce reliable data,a pipe network was constructed and a series of experiments using a fecal coliform indicator (Escherichia coli 15597) was conducted.For the physically-based model,morphological (pipe size,link length,slope,etc.) and hydraulic (flow rate) conditions were used as input variables,and for ANNs,water quality parameters (conductivity,pH,and turbidity) were used.Both approaches accurately described the fate and transport of microorganisms (physically-based model: correlation coefficient (R) in the range of 0.914 – 0.977 and ANNs: R in the range of 0.949 – 0.980),with the exception of one case at a low flow rate (q = 31.56 cm 3 /sec).This study also indicated that these approaches could be complementarily utilized to assess the vulnerability of water facilities and to establish emergency plans based on hypothetical scenarios.     

不同土壤对垃圾渗滤液的吸附净化实验研究

文章以粘土和壤土为实验材料,研究两种不同土壤对渗滤液中COD、重金属含量的吸收净化效果。结果表明:相同高度的粘土比壤土吸附效果好,同一种土壤对pH、COD、重金属的去除效果随土层厚度的增加而增强。     

Disc size regulation in the brood cell building behavior of leaf-cutter bee, <Emphasis Type="Italic">Megachile tsurugensis</Emphasis>

The leaf-cutter bee, Megachile tsurugensis, builds a brood cell in a preexisting tunnel with leaf discs that she cuts in decreasing sizes and assembles them like a Russian matryoshka doll. By experimentally manipulating the brood cell, it was investigated how she regulates the size of leaf discs that fit in the brood cell’s internal volume. When the internal volume was artificially increased by removing a bulk of leaf discs, she decreased the leaf disc size, although increasing it would have made the leaf disc more fitting in the increased internal volume. As a reverse manipulation, when the internal volume was decreased by inserting a group of inner layers of preassembled leaf discs to a brood cell, she decreased the leaf disc size, so that the leaf disc could fit in the decreased internal volume. These results suggest that she uses at least two different mechanisms to regulate the disc size: the use of some internal memory about the degree of building work accomplished in the first and of sensory feedback of dimensional information at the construction site in the second manipulation, respectively. It was concluded that a stigmergic mechanism, an immediate sensory feedback from the brood cell changed by the building work, alone cannot explain the details of the bee’s behavior particularly with respect to her initial response to the first manipulation. For a more complete explanation of the behavior exhibited by the solitary bee, two additional behavioral elements, reinforcement of building activity and processing of dimensional information, were discussed along with stigmergy.     

浅谈交通安全的管理方式

道路交通运输是由人与车组成的人-机系统,经人的操作而使车辆沿公路运动的过程,道路交通安全取决于人、车、路三个基本因素,协调好三者之间的关系是保证道路交通安全的前提,而协调人、车、路三个基本因素的关键因素是人.     

Evaluation of the infectivity, gene and antigenicity persistence of rotaviruses by free chlorine disinfection

The effects of free chlorine disinfection of tap water and wastewater effluents on the infectivity, gene integrity and surface antigens of rotaviruses were evaluated by a bench-scale chlorine disinfection experiments. Plaque assays, integrated cell culture-quantitative RT-PCR (ICC-RT-qPCR), RT-qPCR, and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISA), respectively, were used to assess the influence of the disinfectant on virus infectivity as well as genetic and antigenic integrity of simian rotavirus SA11 as a surrogate for human rotaviruses. The ICC-RT-qPCR was able to detect rotaviruses survival from chlorine disinfection at chlorine dose up to 20 mg/L (60 min contact), which suggested a required chlorine dose of 5 folds (from 1 to 5 mg/L) higher than that indicated by the plaque assay to achieve 1.8 log₁₀ reductions in tap water with 60 min exposing. The VP7 gene was more resistant than the infectivity and existed at chlorine dose up to 20 mg/L (60 min contact), while the antigencity was undetectable with chlorine dose more than 5 mg/L (60 min contact). The water quality also impacted the inactivation efficiencies, and rotaviruses have a relatively higher resistant in secondary effluents than in the tap water under the same chlorine disinfection treatments. This study indicated that rotaviruses have a higher infectivity, gene and antigencity resistance to chlorine than that previously indicated by plaque assay only, which seemed to underestimate the resistance of rotaviruses to chlorine and the risk of rotaviruses in environments. Present results also suggested that re-evaluation of resistance of other waterborne viruses after disinfections by more sensitive infectivity detection method (such as ICC-RT-qPCR) may be necessary, to determine the adequate disinfectant doses required for the inactivation of waterborne viruses.     

In vitro fluorescence displacement investigation of thyroxine transport disruption by bisphenol A

Bisphenol A (BPA) is a chemical with high production volume and wide applications in many industries. Although BPA is known as an endocrine disruptor, its toxic mechanisms have not been fully characterized. Due to its structural similarity to thyroid hormones thyroxine (T4) and triiodothyronine (T3), one possible mechanism of BPA toxicity is disruption of hormone transport by competitive binding with the transport proteins. In this study, the binding interactions of BPA, T4, and T3 with three thyroid hormone transport proteins, human serum albumin (HSA), transthyretin (TTR), and thyroxine-binding globulin (TBG) were investigated by fluorescence measurement. Using two site-specific fluorescence probes dansylamide and dansyl-L-proline, the binding constants of BPA with HSA at drug site I and site II were determined as 2.90 104 and 3.14 104 L/mol, respectively. By monitoring the intrinsic fluorescence of tryptophan, a binding constant of 4.70 103 L/mol was obtained. Similarly, by employing 8-anilino-1-naphthalenesulfonic acid as fluorescence probe, the binding a nity of BPA with TTR and TBG was measured to be 3.10 105 and 5.90 105 L/mol, respectively. In general, BPA showed lower binding a nity with the proteins than T3 did, and even lower a nity than T4. Using these binding constants, the amount of BPA which would bind to the transport proteins in human plasma was estimated. These results suggest that the concentrations of BPA commonly found in human plasma are probably not high enough to interfere with T4 transport.     

Effects of humic acid on phytodegradation of petroleum hydrocarbons in soil simultaneously contaminated with heavy metals

Effects of humic acid on phytoremediation of petroleum hydrocarbons in soil simultaneously contaminated with heavy metals were evaluated.     

信息化施工法在永蓝高速公路边坡工程中的应用

信息化施工是山区高速公路建设的关键技术之一,对路基、桥隧等的设计施工均发挥重要作用。本文以永蓝高速公路新铺子隧道出口高边坡工程为依托,对高速公路边坡工程信息化施工方法进行了系统的探讨。研究指出边坡工程信息化施工方法的主要内容是通过发掘施工中所揭露的地质信息,进行必要的位移和应力等方面的监测,以获得相应资料及数据进行边（...     

浅析污染源自动监测系统应用现状与发展思路

通过对污染自动监测系统应用现状和存在问题进行了分析,提出了污染源自动监测系统今后的发展思路。     

基于GIS的滇池流域景观格局优化

景观格局优化是景观生态学中的难点和热点问题。选择滇池流域为研究区域,在RS和GIS的支持下对2008年Landsat TM影像进行解译判读,获得景观类型图,运用最小耗费距离模型对区域景观格局进行优化。结合景观各组分生态系统服务功能价值和空间作用,构建了生态源地、生态廊道和生态节点等景观组分,以加强生态网络的空间连通性,提高景观格局稳定性,完善生态功能。源地具有较高的生态系统服务功能,需要维持和增大源斑块面积。所构建城市区域廊道、森林生态廊道、农业生产廊道应采取保持廊道规模,建立缓冲区,加强植被绿化,减少污染物的排放等措施以提高整个廊道的连通性。节点位于景观生态流和连通的重要位置上,需要加强控制。该研究对流域生态规划和土地利用优化布局有一定的参考价值。