Local Environmental Investments and Sustainable Development: the evaluation of environmental projects in Scotland supported by the European Agriculture Guidance and Guarantee Fund

In the UK for the period 1994-99, a broad range of environmental projects were given financial support through the European Agriculture Guidance and Guarantee Fund under the Objective 1 and Objective 5b programmes. This paper is concerned with the ex-post evaluation of these projects set within a Sustainable Development framework. The aim was to identify project types or characteristics that offered the greatest return on investment. A classification of six broad project types was adopted. The evaluation revealed that there were significant differences between individual projects with respect to the type and scale, and temporal and social distribution of the benefits they delivered. In particular, as well as delivering environmental and economic benefits, many projects made a significant contribution to the development of human and social capital. The paper concludes that it is possible to improve the basis for future project selection in order to maximise the returns on environmental investments in the context of sustainable development.     

NUTRIENT LOADING ASSESSMENT IN THE ILLINOIS RIVER USING A SYNTHETIC APPROACH1

ABSTRACT: A synthetic relationship is developed between nutrient concentrations and discharge rates at two river gauging sites in the Illinois River Basin. Analysis is performed on data collected by the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) on nutrients in 1990 through 1997 and 1999 and on discharge rates in 1988 through 1997 and 1999. The Illinois River Basin is in western Arkansas and northeastern Oklahoma and is designated as an Oklahoma Scenic River. Consistently high nutrient concentrations in the river and receiving water bodies conflict with recreational water use, leading to intense stakeholder debate on how best to manage water quality. Results show that the majority of annual phosphorus (P) loading is transported by direct runoff, with high concentrations transported by high discharge rates and low concentrations by low discharge rates. A synthetic relationship is derived and used to generate daily phosphorus concentrations, laying the foundation for analysis of annual loading and evaluation of alternative management practices. Total nitrogen (N) concentration does not have as clear a relationship with discharge. Using a simple regression relationship, annual P loadings are estimated as having a root mean squared error (RMSE) of 39.8 t/yr and 31.9 t/yr and mean absolute percentage errors of 19 percent and 28 percent at Watts and Tahlequah, respectively. P is the limiting nutrient over the full range of discharges. Given that the majority of P is derived from Arkansas, management practices that control P would have the most benefit if applied on the Arkansas side of the border.     

爆炸冲击波作用下靶板的塑性大变形响应研究

对四边约束方形靶板 ,在爆炸冲击波作用下的塑性大变形响应情况 ,进行了理论分析与试验研究。运用能量守恒的方法 ,同时考虑试验过程中靶板的边界约束条件 ,得到了四边约束方形靶板在爆炸冲击波作用下发生塑性大变形时挠度的半经验公式。理论计算与试验结果吻合性较好 ,这种方法可应用于板结构在爆炸冲击波作用下的毁伤或防护方面的工程预测     

职业安全健康管理体系的历史沿革及其在国内的发展现状

职业安全健康管理体系 (OSHMS)与ISO90 0 0和ISO14 0 0 0等标准化管理体系一起被称为是后工业化时代的管理方法 ,构成了现代企业管理制度的核心内容之一。笔者首先概述了职业安全健康产生的国际、国内背景以及历史沿革及当今发展概况 ;其次 ,提出了职业安全健康管理体系在市场准入机制、认证结果的客观性和公正性、“三标”一体化等方面应引起关注的一些问题 ;在此基础上预测了其将来的发展方向     

商厦火灾危险性评价研究

商厦火灾是火灾中危害性较大的灾害之一，常常造成人员的大量伤亡和巨大的财产损失。商厦火灾危险性评价是一个减少火灾危险性的可行方法。在基于影响商厦火灾危险性因素之上，讨论了评价指标体系的建立及量化和权重的处理方法，然后应用模糊数学理论建立了评价商厦火灾的模糊评价模型，对商厦火灾的预防与商厦消防管理具有指导意义。     

坨一站稳定压缩机泵房噪声治理

根据油气集输泵站稳定压缩机泵房噪声污染的现状，提出了采用空间吸声体降低噪声和采用田声降低噪声的技术方案，分析了实施后的效果和推广应用前景。     

我国非煤矿山安全生产的差距

从我国非煤矿山安全生产立法、安全生产管理体制、监察执法、群众监督、宣传教育、科研、矿山企业等方面与国外矿业进行了对比分析，分析了我国非煤矿山存在的问题以及与国外的差距，最后分析了产生问题与差距的原因。     

小径薄壁管射线透照布置方法

小径薄壁管广泛用于工艺管道中，在对其进行无损探伤时，一般采用双壁双影椭圆成像法和双壁重叠成像法，针对小径薄壁管对接焊缝透照成像的特殊要求，具体介绍双壁双影椭圆成像法的透照布置方法。     

我厂安全管理的几点经验

神州煤电焦化股份公司焦化厂调整思路，探索出一套“以人为本，重在落实”的基层车间管理办法，通过实践，证明该方法是行之有效的，使该厂形成了互相监督、互相制约的良好安全氛围。     

染料生物吸附影响因素与解吸条件研究

用筛选出的一株丝状真菌(GX2)对活性、酸性、碱性和直接染料进行吸附及解吸的试验结果表明，该菌株对活性、酸性和直接染料有较高的吸附率，但碱性染料难被吸附；在多种有机溶剂中，丙酮是较好的解吸剂，碱性介质有利于染料的解吸；对菌体进行破碎及在解吸过程中加以搅拌有利于解吸过程的进行。