大气污染物排放总量控制管理机制的探讨

阐述实施大气污染物总量控制的特点及作用，分析研究现行的总量控制管理模式，进行总量控制监控机制设计，提出总量控制政策体系的改进建议。     

巴彦淖尔盟草场资源开发利用中存在的生态环境问题及其对策

巴彦淖尔盟地区草场退化问题已十分严峻 ,本文分析了巴彦淖尔盟草场资源开发利用中存在的生态环境问题及其成因 ,并提出了解决问题的对策     

Salinity discrimination in harbour seals: a sensory basis for spatial orientation in the marine environment?

 Salinity variations can be considered as a potential source of information for orientation in the marine environment. To use this kind of environmental information marine animals must be able to detect these salinity differences. Therefore we determined salinity-difference thresholds of two harbour seals for the discrimination of seawater solutions as a function of the salinity level (15–35‰) and compared them with the thresholds of human subjects. Whereas in humans thresholds increased with increasing salinity level, thresholds of seals decreased with increasing salinity level. Both seals achieved best sensitivity at 30‰ salinity, where they detected a salinity difference ≤4%. These data indicate that the ability of seals to detect salinity differences of seawater is well tuned to the natural occurrence of this environmental information. Their high gustatory resolving power for differences in seawater salinity is suggested to meet the basic requirements for chemosensory orientation of seals in the marine habitat. Received: 10 February 2000 / Accepted in revised form: 19 September 2000     

生物滴滤池法处理废气动力学模式研究

基于物料平衡和微生物降解废水中污染物的动力学模式,以丙酮、甲苯为处理对象提出了生物滴滤池处理废气的模式。当入口浓度C_(in)较低,小于临界浓度C_(crit),时,C=C_(in)EXP((-B/V_g)·H);当人口浓度C_(in)较高,大于临界浓度C_(crit)时,C=C_(in)-(K_0X/V_g)·H。研究表明,实验结果与模式计算结果吻合较好。     

健康与快乐:作为可持续农业必要部分之一的动物福利

一个农业系统若要是可持续的,好的动物福利是必不可少的.尽管自从我们一开始驯养动物,对它们的健康和繁殖产生依赖,我们就一直在关注动物福利问题,但本文的焦点主要集中在自20世纪60年代以来围绕动物福利的争论的进展上.它将动物福利作为一门由一个社会关注的动物饲养方式问题演化而来的科学来呈现.而这些道德伦理上的关注使得动物福利的价值架构也必须被考虑在内.随着这一领域研究的不断发展,不同的动物福利的定义和研究实例被提出和讨论.比如,近几年来,消费者对动物友好产品(animal-friendly products)的消费方面的研究兴趣大增,一如过去的环境友好产品(environment friendly products);而这也刺激了研究重点从动物福利的实验研究转移至动物福利在实际中的应用和农场的动物福利监控上.传统上讲,这样的测量是基于资源的,比如计算最小饲养空间或者最大饲养密度,但现在的趋势是趋向于基于动物的测量,比如跛足动物的数量、身体状况等.     

Overestimates of black carbon in soils and sediments

Several recent reports suggest that black carbon (BC), which broadly encompasses charcoal, soot, and other forms of pyrogenic carbon, may constitute a significant proportion of the refractory carbon in soil and sedimentary organic matter. BC is a sink for biospheric and atmospheric carbon dioxide, and is intimately tied to the biogeochemical cycling of both carbon and oxygen through its role in organic matter cycling. Additionally, BC may represent a large fraction of the missing carbon sink in global carbon accounting. Here, we demonstrate that documented measurements of BC may be the result of methodological artifacts, which inadvertently overestimate the amount of BC. We found that a widely used thermal oxidative method can create a residue that falls under the operational definition of BC in samples that are relatively BC-free. Moreover, during this procedure, labile organic matter constituents are condensed into pyrogenic carbon, implying that the labile components are present in lesser quantities. These methodological deficiencies are promoting overestimates in the amount of refractory carbon in soil and sedimentary organic matter and may endorse inaccuracies in the rates of carbon fluxes, the mean residence times of terrestrial carbon, and organic matter burial rates in oceanic environments.