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21.
Fate of biodegradable dissolved organic carbon produced by ozonation on biological activated carbon 总被引:22,自引:0,他引:22
The adsorption and desorption characteristics of BDOC produced by ozonation and the replacement of BDOC by non-BDOC on BAC was studied. The fate of BDOC produced by ozonation in the BAC column was also evaluated by comparative experiment between the BAC supplied with the mixture of BDOC and non-BDOC and the BAC supplied only with non-BDOC. Fulvic acids extracted from two river sediments and one forest soil were used. BDOC produced by ozonation showed the same or lower adsorption capacity than non-BDOC after biodegradation. The adsorption rate of BDOC on GAC was lower than that of non-BDOC. BDOC produced by ozonation had low desorbability and majority of BDOC produced were not replaced by non-BDOC. BDOC in the ozonated fulvic acid did not affect the breakthrough of the ozonated fulvic acid on GAC in the early stage of adsorption, suggesting that most of BDOC were biodegraded on the surface of GAC before adsorption. Therefore, the production of BDOC by ozonation before the GAC treatment is very effective for the extension of GAC service life and the reduction of DOC loading to GAC. 相似文献
22.
Tae Won Kim Kotaro Sakamoto Yasuhisa Henmi Jae C. Choe 《Behavioral ecology and sociobiology》2008,62(7):1139-1147
For males, courting and foraging are often behavioral alternatives, which take time and consume energy. When males have a
possibility of mating with receptive females, there may be a behavioral trade-off between courtship and feeding; the outcome
of which may be affected by male physiological condition and food availability. Although many mathematical models and empirical
studies suggest that the expression of male courtship signals are condition-dependent, decisions about courtship and mating
strategies in relation to food availability have not attracted much attention. In this study, we tested whether daily changes
in food availability affect males’ decisions about whether to court. We conducted experiments with the fiddler crab Uca lactea by providing males with additional food every other day. In food-supplemented enclosures, males did not increase courtship
activity on the days when food was supplemented. However, they built more courtship structures (semidomes) and waved more
on the days when they were not given additional food. Male size had a strong influence on the number of days the males courted.
We also tested whether the frequency of surface mating, as an alternative reproductive tactic, decreased when food was supplemented.
Contrary to our expectation, the number of males that exhibited the surface-mating tactic increased when food was supplemented
whereas the number of mate-searching females did not change. Our findings in this field study suggest that reproductive decisions
by male fiddler crabs are affected by fluctuating food availability and present body condition, and the alternative mating
tactic of this species may be more frequently used by males under good condition. 相似文献
23.
24.
利用微量酸碱滴定方法测定日本关东地区冬季高浓度飘尘的酸度,估算了飘尘对酸性降水的缓冲能力,并对飘尘水溶性离子组成进行了分析。结果发现:该地区飘尘的酸性很强,H+浓度在24neq/m3以上,是我国北方城市飘尘的几千倍,这表示该地区大气环境已严重酸化,可能是该地区酸雨形成的主要原因;飘尘的水溶性离子组成与我国飘尘截然不同,飘尘中cl-浓度很高,SO42-、NO3-的浓度也较高,说明飘尘主要来自人为源,NH4+浓度则占全部阳离子80%以上,飘尘的这种组成也是非常特殊的。 相似文献
25.
Watanabe M Takamatsu T Koshikawa MK Sakamoto K Inubushi K 《Journal of environmental monitoring : JEM》2006,8(1):167-173
We developed a method to analyze atmospheric SO(x) (particulate SO(4)(2-)+ gaseous SO(2)) and NO(x) (NO + NO(2)) simultaneously using a battery-operated portable filter pack sampler. NO(x) determination using a filter pack method is new. SO(x) and NO(x) were collected on a Na(2)CO(3) filter and PTIO (2-phenyl-4,4,5,5-tetramethylimidazoline-3-oxide-1-oxyl) + TEA (triethanolamine) filters (6 piled sheets), respectively. Aqueous solutions were then used to extract pollutants trapped by the filters and the resulting extracts were pre-cleaned (e.g. elimination of PTIO) and analyzed for sulfate and nitrite by ion chromatography. Recoveries of SO(2) and NO(x) from standard pollutant gases and consistency of the field data with those from other instrumental methods were examined to evaluate our method. SO(x) and NO(x) could be analyzed accurately with determination limits of 0.2 ppbv and 1.0 ppbv (as daily average concentrations), respectively. The sampler can determine SO(x) and NO(x) concentrations at mountainous or remote sites without needing an electric power supply. 相似文献
26.
Shigeyoshi Imaizumi Masazumi Wataru Naoki Takahashi Yoichi Doi 《Journal of Material Cycles and Waste Management》2009,11(4):299-304
A design method was proposed to determine the critical ratio of bentonite addition, based on a macro void ratio that considers
the swelling property of bentonite. The critical ratio of bentonite addition was defined as the ratio corresponding to a macro
void ratio of zero. However, when lightweight soil such as tuff sand is mixed with bentonite, the estimated critical ratio
of bentonite addition is too high. Several tests on the water absorbing property of tuff sand and its permeability were conducted
to confirm the concept of a revised macro void ratio. The revised macro void ratio, which takes into account the swelling
of bentonite and the particle pores of lightweight soil, is much smaller than the former macro void ratio for a given ratio
of bentonite addition. The estimated critical ratio of bentonite addition to tuff sand that gives a revised macro void ratio
of zero is around 18% and is in good agreement with the ratio of bentonite addition beyond which the value of hydraulic conductivity
does not decrease markedly. 相似文献
27.
28.
Surface ozonation of polyvinyl chloride for its separation from waste plastic mixture by froth floatation 总被引:1,自引:1,他引:0
Mallampati Srinivasa Reddy Tetsuji Okuda Keisuke Kurose Tsung-Yueh Tsai Satoshi Nakai Wataru Nishijima Mitsumasa Okada 《Journal of Material Cycles and Waste Management》2010,12(4):326-331
Selective surface modification of polyvinyl chloride (PVC) by ozonation was evaluated to facilitate the separation of PVC
from other heavy plastics with almost the same density as PVC, especially polyethylene terephthalate (PET), by the froth flotation
process. The optimum froth flotation conditions were investigated, and it was found that at 40°C, 90% of PVC and PET plastics
floated. The bubble size became larger and the area covered with bubbles on the plastic surface was reduced with increasing
temperature. Optimum PVC separation was achieved with the flotation solution at 40°C and mixing at 180–200 rpm, even for sheet
samples 10 mm in size. Combined treatment by ozonation and froth flotation is a simple, effective, and inexpensive method
for PVC separation from waste plastics. 相似文献
29.
Tetsuo Yasutaka Yumi Iwasaki Shizuka Hashimoto Wataru Naito Kyoko Ono Atsuo Kishimoto Kikuo Yoshida Michio Murakami Isao Kawaguchi Toshihiro Oka Junko Nakanishi 《Chemosphere》2013
Despite the enormous cost of radiation decontamination, there has been almost no quantitative discussion on how much it would reduce the long-term external radiation exposure in the Evacuation Zone and Planned Evacuation Zone (restricted zone) in Fukushima. The aim of this study is to assess the effectiveness of decontamination and return options and to identify important parameters for estimating the long-term cumulated effective dose (CED) during 15, 30 and 70 year period using data on land-use, population and decontamination in the restricted zone (about 1100 km2) in Fukushima. 相似文献
30.
Yuji Sakuno Esteban R. Miño Satoshi Nakai Hidemi Mutsuda Tetsuji Okuda Wataru Nishijima Rolando Castro Amarillis García Rosanna Peña Marcos Rodríguez G. Conrado Depratt 《Environmental monitoring and assessment》2014,186(7):4181-4193
This study aims to study the distribution of contaminants in rivers that flow into the Caribbean Sea using chlorophyll-a (Chl-a) and suspended sediment (SS) as markers and ALOS AVNIR-2 satellite sensor data. The Haina River (HN) and Ozama and Isabela Rivers (OZ-IS) that flow through the city of Santo Domingo, the capital of the Dominican Republic, were chosen. First, in situ spectral reflectance/Chl-a and SS datasets obtained from these rivers were acquired in March 2011 (case A: with no rain influence) and June 2011 (case B: with rain influence), and the estimation algorithm of Chl-a and SS using AVNIR-2 data was developed from the datasets. Moreover, the developed algorithm was applied to AVNIR-2 data in November 2010 for case A and August 2010 for case B. Results revealed that for Chl-a and SS estimations under cases A and B conditions, the reflectance ratio of AVNIR-2 band 4 and band 3 (AV4/AV3) and the reflectance of AVNIR-2 band 4 (AV4) were effective. The Chl-a and SS mapping results obtained using AVNIR-2 data corresponded with the field survey results. Finally, an outline of the distribution of contaminants at the mouth of the river that flows into the Caribbean Sea was obtained for both rivers in cases A and B. 相似文献