减灾的经济和社会效益初探

本文概述了目前减灾的经济和社会效益研究概况,指出现阶段灾害社会和经济学研究方面的四大问题;探讨了减灾与经济、减灾与政治、减灾与社会发展等的关系。     

Ionic composition of submicron particles (PM1.0) during the long-lasting haze period in January 2013 in Wuhan, central China

In January 2013, a long-lasting severe haze episode occurred in Northern and Central China; at its maximum, it covered a land area of approximately 1.4 million km². In Wuhan, the largest city in Central China, this event was the most severe haze episode in the 21st century. Aerosol samples of submicron particles (PM_1.0) were collected during the long-lasting haze episode at an urban site and a suburban site in Wuhan to investigate the ion characteristics of PM_1.0 in this area. The mass concentrations of PM_1.0 and its water-soluble inorganic ions (WSIIs) were almost at the same levels at two sites, which indicates that PM_1.0 pollution occurs on a regional scale in Wuhan. WSIIs (Na⁺, NH₄⁺, K⁺, Mg²⁺, Ca²⁺, Cl^-, NO₃^- and SO₄^2-) were the dominant chemical species and constituted up to 48.4% and 47.4% of PM_1.0 at WD and TH, respectively. The concentrations of PM_1.0 and WSIIs on haze days were approximately two times higher than on normal days. The ion balance calculations indicate that the particles were more acidic on haze days than on normal days. The results of the back trajectory analysis imply that the high concentrations of PM_1.0 and its water-soluble inorganic ions may be caused by stagnant weather conditions in Wuhan.     

电厂冲灰水回用于冷却循环水系统的试验研究

火电厂冲灰水经絮凝沉降和反渗透处理后用作电厂循环冷却水 ,经多项试验证明 ,此工艺方法技术可行 ,灰水处理回用后不会增加冷却水系统结垢和腐蚀 ,且回用灰水代替部分地下水增加了明显的经济效益。     

运用环境心理学对城市地块的分析

当今城市规划理论正在变得越来越具有广泛综合性.除了传统的理论,例如城市设计、形态学等等,环境心理学也日益受到重视,成为一个具有影响力的元素,以期满足社会日益复杂的功能与心理需求,完善设计成果.     

宿迁-南京地区区域构造稳定性分区

利用遥感解译资料,结合研究区断裂分布特征、地震资料、地貌特征、地球物理场特征、第四纪沉积厚度及现代地壳形变等的综合研究,根据区域地震构造稳定性分区的基本原则,将研究区划分为活动区和相对活动区2个一级区,进一步可细分为4个二级带,即新沂—宿迁—泗洪活动带（Ⅰ）、扬州—仪征—南京比较活动带（Ⅱ1）、淮阴—洪泽—塔集比较活动带（Ⅱ2）、连云港—沭阳—泗阳比较稳定带（Ⅱ3）,并且对各二级带的稳定性进行了评价。     

The epidemic characteristics of Kaschin-Beck disease (KBD) in different eco-environments

Epidemiological survey of 573 families, clinical examination of 2593 persons, and X-ray examination of 1136 persons (in 16 typical endemic villages) were conducted, based on the classification of endemiology for KBD disease areas, i.e, mountain type, loess plateau type, plateau type, and flatlands type. It was revealed that the KBD disease areas exhibited the regular pattern of corming-into-being, development and passing-away and the characteristics of growth and decline. Further, it was found clinically that the disease areas may be divided into 4 types, i.e., recent onset, developing, stable, and historical. This division is simple and easy, practical, scientific, and reliable and can be applied by medical personnel at different levels.     

关于现代模具制造的研究

此文构造了面向工艺过程规划的现代模具制造框架,并与传统模具制造相对比,总结出现代模具制造的主要特点,存在的问题及相应对策。     

浅谈滨海湿地生态环境退化监测与评价

指出了滨海湿地面临的主要环境问题。简述了美国、欧洲、澳大利亚等滨海湿地现状及监测评价方法。对我国滨海湿地管理与研究进展进行了分析探索。     

生物质热电厂大气影响评价的研究

为确定生物质能发电环境方面的可行性,分析了生物质能发电的工艺流程,相比于火电的优缺点,并进行了生物质能热电联厂的大气环境影响评价研究。结果表明：预测评价的烟尘、SO2和NO2排放浓度分别为11,63mg／m^3、200．3mg／m^3和378．7mg／m^3,均远低于火力发电的排放值;在不同条件下、不同地点SO2和NO2的1小时、日均浓度也均远低于火力发电的浓度值。说明了生物质能发电在环境友好性方面具有明显的优势。     

水库热分层期沉积物中有机物特性及对好氧反硝化细菌脱氮的影响

本研究以水源水库热分层期沉积物中有机物为研究对象,在分析其相对分子质量分布和有机物荧光特性的基础上,探究了沉积物中有机物为碳源时,好氧反硝化细菌的脱氮效能、细菌生长及碳去除性能.结果表明：①水源水库在热分层期,沉积物中相对分子质量>100×10³的有机物所占比例较高;同时相比于不同月有机物的相对分子质量分布,7月时沉积物中相对分子质量大的有机物所占的比例最低（44.62%）,显示出较小的相对分子质量;②水源水库沉积物中有机物由陆地类腐殖质组分C1（250 nm,425 nm）、类色氨酸和氨基酸物质C2（230 nm/280 nm,322 nm）和传统微生物类腐殖质混合物C3（250 nm,340 nm）所组成,其中色氨酸和氨基酸类的物质（组分C2）所占比例较高,同时在7月时显示出较大的总荧光强度;③好氧反硝化过程中,5月有机物显示出较好的作为电子供体的特征,而7月的有机物却表现出较好的作为能源物质的性能,同时使得好氧反硝化细菌WGX-9显示出较高的氮去除特性;④相比于天然有机物、藻类有机物和实际水源水库水,沉积物中有机物作为碳源时可以较好地促进菌株WGX-9的好氧反硝化脱氮效能.本文阐明了水源水库热分层期沉积物中有机物特性及对好氧反硝化细菌的影响,将为微污染水体氮污染控制工程提供依据.